103

1. The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission aims to land a probe on a comet. FOR
The aim of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission is for a probe to be landed
on a comet.
2. It will be necessary to wear safety gloves throughout this experiment. DURATION
Safety gloves will need to be worn for the duration of this experiment.
3. Using electron beams, it is possible to manufacture machines that are too small to see. NAKED
Tiny machines that cannot be seen by the naked eye are manufactured by means of electron
beams.
4. Recently, astronomers have been finding more and more planets outside our solar system.
INCREASING
Recently, an increasing number of planets have been found outside our solar system.
5. Advances in science should soon yield a cure for cancer. BRINK
Scientists are thought to be on the brink of finding a cure for cancer.
6. Although they tried to dissuade Josh from continuing with it, he has opted for physics as a
career. ADVISED
Despite being advised against physics Josh has chosen a career in it.
108
1. The children agreed they would each tidy the playroom on alternate days. TURNS
The children agreed to take it in turns to tidy the playroom.
2. Professor Smith talked firstly about living on Mars, and then discussed the Space Lab. WENT
After talking about living on Mars, Professor Smith went on to discuss the Space Lab.
3. It’s a shame Peter didn’t wear a suit to the wedding. PUT
If only Peter had put on a suit for the wedding.
4. Everyone remembers my great-uncle because he was always having arguments with his wife.
HAVING
My great-uncle is remembered for always having arguments with his wife.
5. We must always bear in mind that many scientific breakthroughs are due to luck. SIGHT
We must not lose the sights of the fact that luck plays a large part in many scientific breakthroughs.
6. When it comes to friendship, I prefer having a few close friends to many acquaintances.
RATHER
As far as friendship is concerned, I would rather prefer a few close friends than many acquaintances.
121
1. Helen’s running style seems to be improving now she has lessons. SIGNS
Helen’s running style show sings of improvement now she has lessons.
2. I really admire the changes you have made to your diet. FULL
I am full of admiration by the changes you have made to your diet.
3. Sam is reputed to inspire young athletes. HAS
Sam has reputation for inspiring young athletes.
4. I would have arrived even later at the meeting, if Professor McDougal hadn’t kindly assisted
me. KIND
But for the Professor McDougal’s kind assistance , I would have arrived even later at the meeting.
137
1. It is permissible to lose rhyme in translation, but it is vital to preserve the cadences of a poem.
EVEN
A translator must preserve a poem’s cadences, even if he/she loses the rhyme in translation.
2. I’ve never attempted to write poetry, though I have had a go at short stories. HAND
Despite trying my hand at writing short stories, poetry is something I’ve never attempted.
3. Although poetry readings are fun, the way in which poems are read sometimes annoys me.
EXCEPTION
Much as I like poetry readings, I sometimes take exception to how poems are read.
4. The biographer continued to make progress, albeit more slowly than at the beginning of the
project. INITIALLY
Good though the biographer’s progress was initially, work was now proceeding more slowly.
5. While most writers earn only modest royalties, a lucky few create a bestseller. STRIKE
A few writers strike it lucky by creating a bestseller, although earning only modest royalties is the
norm.
6. The editor refrained from commenting on the author’s lack of progress in case it prompted
him to stop writing altogether. FEAR
The editor refrained from commenting on the author’s lack of progress for fear that it would/could
prompt him to stop writing altogether.
142
1. "I always said I didn’t do anything wrong!" the man said. OUTSET
From the outset the man had denied doing anything wrong.
2. Luisa and I never agreed on anything to do with the children’s education. EYE
Luisa and I never saw eye to eye when it came to the children’s education.
3. Although I am generally sympathetic towards them, I don’t usually vote for the Green Party.
LINE
Much as I sympathise with the line taken by the Green Party, I don’t usually vote for them.
4. I know you’ll find it hard to believe, but I’ve never read any Shakespeare’s works. SEEM
Unlikely as it may seem, I’ve never read any of Shakespeare’s works.
5. Susie believes this job interview is really important. STORE
Susie sets a lot of store on this job interview.
6. We were surprised when Daphne made such a rapid recovery. CAME
It came as a surprise to us when Daphne made such a rapid recovery.
147
1. Their mother was determined to visit Paris and nothing would stop her. SET
Their mother had set her sights on visiting Paris and nothing would stop her.
2. Graham took back his words on noticing there were fresh strawberries on the menu. TUNE
Graham sang a different tune when he noticed fresh strawberries were on the menu.
3. We found it difficult not to laugh because the situation was so funny. KEEP
We found it difficult to keep a straight face in such a funny situation.
4. Jenny felt elated when she won the regional skating competition. CLOUD
Jenny was on cloud nine when she won the first place in the regional skating competition.
5. Reading a thriller is far more enjoyable if you don’t know the ending. NOWHERE
Reading a thriller is nowhere near as much fun if you already know the ending.
6. Ralph needs to move out quickly in order to get on with his life. SOONER
The sooner as Ralph move out the better so as to get on with his life.

155
1. You didn’t spend enough time on this project. PUT
You ought to have put in more hours on this project.
2. Factory farming was surely less humane before these guidelines were established. PRIOR
Factory farming must have been less prior to the establishment of these guidelines.
3. I really admire people who are prepared to risk their job for the sake of their principles. LINE
I really admire people who are prepared to put their job on the line for the sake of their principles.
4. You shoud have spilled the beans about Lisa before now. LET
If only you could let us in on Lisa’s secret before now.
5. It’s time the organisation told the truth about the misuse of its funds. STRAIGHT
The organisation should set the record straight about how its funds were misused.
6. Would you mind if I asked you to sign this petition? RAISE
Would you raise any objection(s) to me/my asking you to sign this petition?

170-171
1. Penny Stone has become really self-important since she was promoted. GONE
Getting a promotion has gone to Penny Stone’s head.
2. Paul couldn’t stop thinking about the argument he had had with his brother. OVER
Paul kept going over an over again in his mind the argument he had had with his brother.
3. The manager told the press that his team had played very badly. RECORD
The manager went on a record as saying that his team had played very badly.
4. My grandmother would always make us eat everything on our plates when we visited her.
WASTE
Nothing we were given to eat was ever allowed to go waste at my grandmother’s house.
5. I can never follow what he’s saying – he’s always changing the subject. TANGENT
If he didn’t always go off at a tangent I would know what he was talking about.
6. Although Theresa was a hard worker, she was unable to get her business to succeed. GO
Theresa was unable to make a go of her business in spite of working hard.

176
1. You’ll never sell your house if you let the rumours persist of it being haunted. CARRY
You can’t allow rumours to carry on if you want to sell your house.
2. It was kin of you to help us clean up, but it really wasn’t necessary. HELPED
You needn’t have helped us with the cleaning up.
3. It doesn’t matter when he comes: I’m not bothered. FAR
He can come when he likes as far as I am concerned.
4. I asked the press to keep her name a secret so she would remain anonymous. HAD
In order to preserve her anonymity, I had the press keep her name a secret.
5. Eliza did better than usual at her debut performance, even though she had a sore throat.
EXCELLED
Despite her sore throat, Eliza excelled at her debut performance.
6. She is unlikely to accept anything except a full apology. WOULD
It is unlikely that anything but a full apology would be acceptable to her.
WORKBOOK
51 UNIT 12
1. Research scientists are having to carry out too many administrative tasks. REQUIRED
Research scientists are being required to take on/assume too much of an administrative role.
2. He’s done something very brave that most men wouldn’t be capable of doing. TAKES
It takes a very brave man/someone (very) brave to do what he did.
3. You’ll never believe how marvellous the Great Pyramid is unless you see it. SEEN
The Great Pyramid has to be seen to be believed!
4. Grant’s tutor told him he had too many scientific terms in his presentation. CUT
Grant’s tutor told him to cut down on the number of scientific terms in his presentation.

58 UNIT 14
1. Very few contestants entered the race when it was first run. HANDFUL
The race was contested by (only/just) a handful of runners in its first year.
2. Dawn has the potential to become a great tennis player. MAKINGS
Dawn has the makings of a great tennis player.
3. I’d hoped to stay in bed a bit longer than normal, but the phone rang. PAID
The phone ringing put paid to my hopes of getting/having a lie in.
4. Like many teenagers, Beth started disliking sport because she was self-conscious about her
body. ACCOUNT
Like many teenagers, Bethh took a dislike to account of being self-conscious about her body.
5. The agreement was that if I lent you the money you’d pay it back by Friday.
UNDERSTANDING
I lent you the money on the understanding that I would be paid back by Friday.
6. If Monica never speaks to him again he’s got what he deserves. ANOTHER
If Monica never says another word to him it serves him right.

67 UNIT 16
1. Despite her disappointment at his decision, Karen did not think badly of him. BORE
Although she was disappointed, Karen bore him no ill feelings over his decision.
2. Whether I read for ten minutes or two hours, the result is always a headache. END
No matter how long I read for, I always end up with a headache.
3. John’s been behaving badly ever since he befriended Colin. FRIENDS
Ever since John made/became friends with Colin, his behaviour has taken a turn for the worse.
4. I always end up crying in romantic comedies, however funny they are. FAIL
However funny they are, romantic comedies never fail to bring tears to my eyes.
5. At night, our neighbours would always keep their cat in for fear it would get run over. CASE
At night, our neighbour’s cat used never to be allowed out in case it got/was run over.
6. Having three children to look after every day had taken its toll on Elke. GRIND
Elke was worn down/out by/because of the daily grind of looking after three children.

79 UNIT 19
1. It seemed there was nothing the magician couldn’t do. LIMITS
It seemed there were no limits to the magicians capabilities.
2. With things like the existence of ghosts, I think we should remain open-minded. OPEN
I think it’s important to keep an open mind when it comes to things like ghosts.
3. I found the incident in that room really frightening. WENT
What went on in that room really gave me a fright.
4. I’m extremely dubious about the existence of ghosts. DOUBT
I very much doubt that there is such thing as a ghost.
5. The socialist party candidate is easily winning the election campaign. REPRESENTING
The woman who is representing the socialist party is running away with the election campaign.
6. There’s still a faint possibility that the deal can be finalised by tomorrow’s deadline.
GLIMMER
There’s still a glimmer of hope of finalising the deal in time for tomorrow’s deadline.

83 UNIT 20
1. Although she was upset, there was never any question of revenge. LAST
Upset as she was, revenge was the last thing on her mind.
2. They pulled out all the stops for their daughter’s wedding. NOTHING
As far as their daughter’s wedding was concerned, nothing was too much for them.
3. It is a good idea for parents to overlook their children’s minor misdemeanours. BLIND
As a parent, it helps if you can turn a blind eye to your children’s minor misdemeanours.
4. She hasn’t stopped for a break in the five hours she’s been here. GO
She’s been on the go, since she arrived five hours ago.
5. I very nearly told her what I thought, but in the end decided not to. SHORT
In the end, I stopped short of telling her my true/real feelings.
6. Somebody broke into her car last week. BROKEN
She had her car broken into last week.

INTERNET
- When I realised what had happened, I became quite afraid. OVERCOME
I was overcome with fear when I worked out what had ocurred.
- Do you think you could give me a hand to move the sofa? MIND
Would you mind giving me a hand to move the sofa?
- My brother now earns far less than he did when he was younger. NEARLY
My brother does not earn nearly so much now as he did when he was younger.
- They are demolishing the old bus station and replacing it with a new one. PULLED
The old bus station is being pulled down and being replaced with a new one.
- The number of students now at university has reached an all-time high, apparently. THE
The number of students now at university is the highest it has ever been, apparently.
- I’m disappointed with the Fisher’s new album when I compare it to their previous one.
COMPARISON
I think the Fisher’s new album is disappointing in comparison to their previous one.
- Anna got the job even though she didn’t have much experience in public relations.
Anna got the job in spite of a lack of experience in public relations.
- "I must warn you how dangerous it is to cycle at night without any lights", said the police
officer to Max.
Max received a warning about the dangers of cycling at night without any lights from the police
office.
- She knew nothing about the party that they were planning.
She was kept on the dark about the party that they were planning.
- Our team has won the football championship for the second year running.
For the second year in succession, the football championship has been won by a local team.
- You must never leave the workplace without letting the team leader know.
On no account should (must/may) you leave the workplace without letting the team leader know.
- If you don’t know what you’re doing, you shouldn’t dismantle the laptop.
Don’t take the laptop apart unless you know what you’re doing.
- I was shocked by the cheeky response that the girl gave to her mother.
I was taken aback by the cheeky response that the girl gave to her mother.
- Simon is rumoured to be about to become a Sky News presenter.
Rumour has it that Simon is on the verge of becoming a Sky News presenter.