Micro Spotters

@Badu

Sample- 1

AST
1. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mueller-Hilton agar medium

2. Other methods:

Disc- diffusion method

Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method

Strokes disc diffusion method

Dilutional Method

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 Ascaris Lumbricoides
1. Definitive Host: Human beings

2. Intermediate Host: Not required

Mc Conkey Agar
1. Lactose Fermenters 3 Examples:

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella

Enterobacter sps.

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 Citrate Utilization test→ Positive
1. Citrate positive organisms:

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 Klebsiella

Salmonella

→ Used to differentiate E.coli and Klebsiella

E.coli - citrate negative

Klebsiella - citrate positive

IMViC
1. E.coli characters:

Indole → positive

Methyl red→ positive

Voges Prosakaur→ Negative

Citrate utilization test→ negative

Candida
1. Diseases:

Vaginitis( Vaginal thrus)

Oral thrush

Candidemia

Pneumonia

Meningitis

Centifuge
Uses:

Used to separate serum from plasma based on their densities.

In Petroff’s method

Micropipette
Uses:

Used to carry accurately small volume (in microliter)

Micro Spotters 5
 Tri DOT
Uses

It is a rapid test.

Uses a sample of blood from individual to detect HIV infection.

Window Period

The time between 1st infection and when the test can reliably detect that infection.

RPR(Rapid Plasma Reagin Test)

Used in serological diagnosis of Syphilis.

Sample- 2
AST
1. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mueller-Hilton agar medium

2. Other methods:

Disc- diffusion method

Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method

Strokes disc diffusion method

Dilutional Method

Hydatid Cyst
1. Causative agent:

Echinococcus granulosus

Mc Conkey Agar
1. Lactose Fermenters 3 Examples:

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella

Enterobacter sps.

IMViC
1. Klebsiella

Robertson Cooked Meat Media

1. Organism grown:

Anaerobes especially Clostridium sps.

Acid Fast Bacilli

1. Disease caused:

Tuberculosis

Meningitis

Organisms cultured:

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 M.leprae

M. tuberculosis

Nocardia

Centifuge
Uses:

Used to separate serum from plasma based on their densities.

In Petroff’s method

HIV Tri DOT

1. Interpret result

Appearance of only one dot, corresponding to control region “C”.→ Specimen is non-reactive

RPR(Rapid Plasma Reagin Test)

1.Use

Used in serological diagnosis of Syphilis.

2. Flocculation:

Reaction between colloidal antigen and an antibody resulting in the formation of flaky and coarse immune complexes.

Sample 3
AST
1. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mueller-Hilton agar medium

2. Other methods:

Disc- diffusion method

Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method

Strokes disc diffusion method

Micro Spotters 7
 Dilutional Method

Citrate Utilization Test

Positive

Citrate positive organisms:

Klebsiella

Salmonella

→ Used to differentiate E.coli and Klebsiella

E.coli - citrate negative

Klebsiella - citrate positive

Nutrient agar with Golden yellow colony

1. Probable organism

Staphylococcus aureus

2.Colony

Golden yellow colony arranged in clusters

Mc conkey agar with Lactose Fermenting colony

1. Lactose Fermenters

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella

Enterobacter sps.

2. Non-lactose Fermenters

Salmonella

Shigella

Disposable Plastic Syringe

1. Sterilization method:

Incineration

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 Taenia solium
Definitive host: Human beings
Intermediate host: Pig
Infective stage: cysticercus cellulosae

Ascaris Lumbricoides
1. Definitive Host: Human beings

2. Intermediate Host: Not required

3. Disease caused:

Appendicitis

Intestinal Obstruction

Pancreatitis

Candida
1. Diseases:

Vaginitis( Vaginal thrus)

Oral thrush

Candidemia

Pneumonia

Meningitis

Centifuge
Uses:

Used to separate serum from plasma based on their densities.

In Petroff’s method

Mixed Sample
Hot air oven
1. Temperature

160 degree→ 2 hour

170 degree→ 1 hour

180 degree→ 30 minutes

2. Material sterilization
Glass ware

Petri dish

Test tube

Chemical

Liquid paraffin

Fat

Autoclave
1. Material sterilization

Culture media

Surgical instruments

Micro Spotters 10
 Temperature (in degree) Time (in min) Pressure

121 15-20 15 lbs/square inch

126 10 20 lbs/square inch

133 3 30 lbs/square inch

Taenia solium
1. Definitive host: Human beings

2. Intermediate host: Pig

3. Infective stage: cysticercus cellulosae

4. Diseases:

Taeniasis

Neurocysticercosis

Cholecystitis

Gram Positive Budding Yeast cell → Sabouraud dextrose agar

Eg:

Candida albicans

Candida krusei

Complication:

Septicaemia

Meningitis

Endocarditis

Micro Spotters 11
 Widal Test Card
A test for measurement of H and O antibodies to typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in patients.

HbsAg test kit (Hepacard)

Qualitative detection of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Pseudomonas Colonies on Nutrient agar

Greenish coloration due to production of Pyoverdin pigment.

To culture the Pseudomonas bacteria

Methyl Red Test

Used to differentiate E.coli and Klebsiella

E.coli → positive

Klebsiella → negative

Indole Test
Used to differentiate E.coli and Klebsiella

E.coli → positive

Klebsiella → negative

Triple Sugar iron test (TSI)

Used to differentiate Salmonella and Shigella

Salmonella→ Positive

Shigella → negative

Micro Spotters 12
 Urease Test
Used to determine the ability of an organism to produce an enzyme urease which splits urea to ammonia

Urease positive is indicated by Pink color.

Urease positive is given by:

Klebsiella

Proteus

Helicobacter pylori

Nutrient agar
Uses:

Used as base for many other media

Growth of common pathogenic organism

Sterilization→ Autoclave

Mc conkey agar
Selective and differential culture media.

To differentiate between lactose fermenters and non-lactose fermenters.

Sterilization→ Autoclave

Blood agar
Enrich media

5-10% sheep blood is used.

To differentiate Hemolytic and non-hemolytic colonies

Sterilization→ Autoclave

Micro Spotters 13
 Chocolate agar
Enrich media

Used for culturing:

H.influenzae

N. gonorrhoeae

Glass Syringe
To collect specimen

To Deliver drug to a patient

Serological water bath

Used to incubate sample at constant temperature over long period of time

Antigen-Antibody reaction

Micro Spotters 14
 Inoculating loop
Used to pick up and transfer small sample from a colony of microorganism

Sterilization→ Burning Red Heat

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