2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT)
Goa, India. Jan 21-22, 2022
IoT Based Weather Monitoring System for Smart
Cities: A Comprehensive Review
Samriddhi Banara
Information technology Information Technology
Delhi Technological University Delhi Technological University
Delhi, India
samriddhibanara@gmail.com twinklesingh1903@gmail.com
2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT) | 978-1-6654-2577-3/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICONAT53423.2022.9726106
Abstract—The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm
that aspires to integrate all smart physical things such that
they will always give smart and cognitive solutions to people.
Internet of things (IoT) plays a significant role in the evolution
of applications in different fields such as health, education, smart
cities, homes, agriculture, and so on in the current era of research
and technology. The IoT ecosystem is examined in this article.
All of the components of the Internet of Things, as well as their
significance, have been discussed in detail. Climate monitoring
systems have improved in extensive features as a result of the
rapid growth of technology and the competitive technological
revolution. Climate change and environmental monitoring have
recently got quite a bit of attention. Man desires to be informed
on the most recent weather conditions of any location. Because
the globe is evolving at such a rapid pace, so should weather
monitoring stations. This paper presents the literature review of
the existing weather Monitoring System, types of sensors, micro-
controller and communication medium used. With the help of
this research, we aim to diversify weather monitoring system
frameworks with the internet of things in the long term and to
improve the results with knowledge and comprehension from the
rapid development of digital learning research, such as low-cost
sensors and renewable energy sources, under which two dominant
systems interact against one another and, one to create more
precise information and another to forecast the condition.
Index Terms—IoT, Weather Monitoring, Sensors, Smart City
, Low -Cost Prototype, Green and clean environment.
I. I NTRODUCTION
In order to achieve a better and more sustainable future
for everyone, the United Nations has set Sustainable Devel-
opment Goals (SDGs) [1]. The SDG is rated 13th in climate
action. The defining problem of our times is climate change
and the largest obstacle to sustainable development. One of
the most important aspects of this objective is to increase
resilience to climate-related risks and natural catastrophes in
all nations by enhancing existing weather monitoring sys-
tems and investing in long-term solutions. Weather refers to
short-term atmospheric changes, the climate explains how the
weather has been in a certain location over a long period
of time. In the past, our forefathers forecast the weather
by manually observing the ambient circumstances. Yet the
information gathered from monitoring natural phenomena was
unsatisfactory for their daily operations, such as hydrology
and dryness assessments and analyses, although their forecasts
were not completely correct. With the progress of science,
978-1-6654-2577-3/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
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Teena Singh Anamika Chauhan
Information Technology
Delhi Technological University
Delhi, India Delhi, India
anamika@dce.ac.in
the monitoring of environmental variables and environmental
status has become an important scientific study path. Increased
weather observation and forecasting networks have so far
achieved importance that they are able to provide interesting
real-time investigations. Cities account for 3 % of the earth,
yet consume 60 %-80 % of all energy and 75 % of all carbon
emissions [2].With a current population of 1.3 billion people,
India’s urban growth prospects indicate no different trends. By
2050, India is predicted to add 416 million urban people, and
by 2030, India is forecast to have seven mega-cities with popu-
lations of more than 10 million [3]. The Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs has launched many missions to manage
this exceptional increase and improve the quality of life for
city dwellers.The Indian Government focuses on the Smart
City program, which is aimed at monitoring and regulating
important environmental variables digitally. Smart city design
encompasses various elements of the urban environment, such
as a smart grid, moving, medical care, smart buildings, etc.
Cities frequently lack the ability to rapidly create climate
change response mechanisms and are therefore vulnerable to
the adverse consequences of climate change, particularly in
those at the bottom of the socio-economic level.For a smart
city, a Smart weather Monitoring System is essential. Weather
monitoring is highly important not just to identify climate
change but also to provide models that enable us to anticipate
future environmental changes, as well as for detecting climate
change. It improves environmental awareness, prepares for
extreme weather, climate, and water events, and provides
assistance for decision-making to reduce and protect against
disasters. The motivation of this paper is to provide the latest
reviews on existing and emerging technologies in the area of
weather monitoring system and also a new direction in terms
of research. The rest of this paper is organized as follows, Sect.
II describes the Literature Review and Sect. III mentions the
limitations of existing weather monitoring system. In Sect. IV,
we have discussed the Advantages of the existing technologies
in the Weather monitoring System. Finally, we conclude in
Sect. V.
A. What is IoT?
Internet of Things (IoT) is an infrastructure that incorpo-
rates structural items — ”things” — with sensors, software
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 and other technical developments to interact with and share
information via the internet between devices and frameworks.
In brief, The Internet of Things can communicate with pro-
grammable thermostats, automobiles, lamps, appliances, and
other gadgets. The word ”Internet of Things” refers to circum-
stances in which internet connection and computational capa-
bilities are extended to things, sensor systems, and everyday
items that aren’t generally thought of as computer systems,
enabling these devices to communicate, transact, and ingest
relevant information with negligible human interaction.
Fig. 1. Internet of Things
B. Characterisitics of IoT
These are the following characteristics of IoT as follows.
• Intelligence and Identity – The extraction of information
from produced data is critical. For example, a sensor
generates data, but that data only makes sense when it is
comprehended properly. Every IoT gadget has its own ID.
This identification is helpful for the equipment tracking
and sometimes the status of the equipment.
• Safety – If all of the devices of a user are connected to
the internet, it risks hacking their important data. This
can cause the user to lose. Consequently, the problem
of data security is the worst. In addition, the necessary
equipment is enormous. In addition, IoT networks may
be susceptible. Consequently, the safety of equipment is
crucial.
• Connectivity – Connectivity is a critical component of
IoT infrastructure. IoT devices should be linked to IoT
infrastructure. Anyone, wherever, at any time should have
access to the internet at all times. Nothing makes sense
if there is no connection.
• Dynamic and Self-Adapting –IoT devices need to be
able to adapt dynamically to changing conditions and
settings. Suppose you’ve got a monitoring camera. It
should work in a wide range of settings and lighting
situations (morning, afternoon, night).
• Scalability – There is a rising daily number of IoT-
connected objects. This should enable an IoT setup to
handle the enormous surge. The resulting volume of data
is huge and must be managed correctly.
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C. Applications of IoT
Many advances in IoT technology have occurred in recent
years. People are leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT)
in remarkable ways to assure human safety, environmental
sustainability, and convenience of life. Technology is making
integration more common in the products we buy, the services
we rely on, and even the clothing we wear. Many organisations
from many industries or sectors are now using this technology
to simplify, enhance, automate, and control various operations.
The following Figure 2 briefly explains the various applica-
tions of IoT.
Fig. 2. Applications of IoT
D. How does IoT work ?
IoT devices are IoT sensors or actuators for data collection
and internet transmission. The data are centrally analysed. On
this analysis, the instructions are then returned to the devices.
1) Basic Key Components of IoT: 4 key components in-
cluded in every IoT system without which it would be incom-
plete.The following are the most basic combination of what
IoT is listed in table I.
2) IoT Architecture: The architecture of IoT, widely ac-
knowledged, has no one agreement. Various researchers have
suggested various architectures. Three layers and five layers
are among them the most frequent
Fig. 3. 3 Layer Architecture and 5 layer Architecture
• Three Layer Architecture The design of three layers
depicted in Fig 3, Part A is one of the most primary and
 TABLE I
K EY COMPONENTS OF I OT INFRASTRUCTURE

Key Components Features

IOT Things Components that turn the device hardware into a “smart device” allows the communication and collection without the human
engagement of the information from objects in targeted regions.
IOT Gateways It functions as an intermediary block and makes it possible to link objects to the cloud infrastructure. Facilitates links between
various data sources and destinations.
Network Connectivity It enables data flow control from stuff to the cloud infrastructure
IOT Platforms It allows the data management analytical, logical, and advanced computing abilities

fundamental IoT systems. It’s straightforward and conve-

nient to deploy. The architecture’s three-layer perceptron
layer, network layer, and application layer are each level’s
purpose present in Table II.
• Five Layer Architecture The five-layer IoT architecture
as illustrated in Figure 3, Part B, has been created
by researchers for wider applications. The architecture
described in five levels is identical to three layers but
two layers more. Each layer features demonstrated by
IoT architecture in five layers are presented in Table III.
E. Why there is a need of Weather Monitoring Systems ?
Winds and other weather factors today are as important
and can influence our current high-tech living style much
more. Weather influences a wide variety of human activities,
including farming, transit and leisure.The impacts are often
the movement of gases and particles through the atmosphere.
For example, farming has traditionally depended significantly
on the weather and meteorological forecasts, both in terms
of its quality and amount, and the impact it has on the
farmer’s capacity to cultivate the land or grass his cattle. Water
supplies usually depend on plant development, photosynthesis,
and evaporation, not just on rainfall, but other meteorological
events. Just like weather-dynamic pollen and seed dispersion
in the atmosphere, so too is the direction and distance of travel
of atmospheric pollution. The aim is to provide cost-effective
measurements needed to monitor these motions, with modern
weather and network management systems. This needs the
entire life cycle cost of a monitoring system to be lowered
and the maintenance of the weather monitoring system to be
reduced or eliminated. It is crucial to reduce equipment upkeep
and expenses with a solid-state weather system incorporating
wind speed and direction. Modern technology allows multiple
sensors to be combined into a single integrated weather station
permanently situated in a single location or moved to a
location where local weather is needed.
In order to identify climate change and provide input data
for models that allow us to anticipate future environmental
changes, weather surveillance is extremely vital not just for
describing the existing climate.
F. Weather Monitoring System in India
In 1875, weather forecasting began in Asian countries, when
the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was created,
which since then has become a network of prediction agencies.
Indeed, India is suspected of extreme climate occurrences
Fig. 4. Applications of Weather Monitoring System
including cyclones, severe storms, flash floods and snow
avalanches as a tropical nation. In order to comprehend the
physics underlying these weather systems, tropical weather
has to be understood on a number of scales. Increased aware-
ness of weather conditions on all levels has been achieved
with advancements in science and technology and the advent
of information-based instruments such as Christian Johann
Doppler’s weather radars and satellites, better operational
meteorological forecasting results every day. More recently,
IMD operations have been modernised such as new, non-
inherited modern observer equipment being installed, the
introduction of higher-resolution numerical predictions and the
use of computer systems for the execution of numeric models.
The forecasting organization is on the verge of achieving the
following objectives:
• to improve daily forecasting coordination among all rel-
evant operational centers at the national, regional, and
state levels across the country.
• To meet user expectations, update the product and warn-
ings several times per day.
• To generate district-level and town forecasts and now-
casts, as well as to make other system improvements.
This is challenging because it requires downscaling short-
variable forecasts to the district level.
• to generate marine forecasts (for both high seas and
coastal areas), as well as Fishermen Warnings, as well
as further system improvements.
• Provide cyclones with the help of updated tropical cy-
clones chase systems for low systems forming across the
North Atlantic.

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 TABLE II
G ENERIC 3 LAYER I OT ARCHITECTURE

IOT Layer Features

Perception Layer The qualities of this layer were the sensor capabilities, and the environment in which smart items are accessible is collected and
collected.
Network Layer The layer functionality is to enable data to be transmitted and processed via the Internet connectivity of different devices.
Application Layer Its major function is to provide the customer with the special service based on the kind of application.

TABLE III
G ENERIC 5 LAYER I OT ARCHITECTURE

IoT Layer Features

Perception Layer Senses all the physical parameters and gathers information about the environment.
Transport Layer Sensor data are sent over networks like WiFi, 3G, LAN, Bluetooth, RFID, and NFC from the sensor layers to the processing layers.
Processing Layer It gathers, analyses and processes huge amounts of transportation layer data. They are able to manage and give a variety of services
at the lowest levels. It employs many technologies, such as databases, cloud computing and modules for big data transformation.
Application Layer Responsible for the provision of specialized user services for the application. It describes several uses for the internet of things
Business Layer It administers the whole IoT system, including apps, business models and user confidentiality.

• to create impact-based weather warning services for a

wide range of weather scenarios
• to account for new forecasting service requirements.
• to make an effort to conduct research and development.

Fig. 6. Block Diagram of IoT

Fig. 5. Weather Stations in India
II. L ITERATURE R EVIEW
A weather monitoring system is one that can offer real-time
weather parameters and forecasts. This device may offer data
on temperature, humidity, pressure, and rainfall, among other
things.
A. How does the weather monitoring system work?
At the most basic level ,a weather monitoring system works
by measuring the atmospheric conditions of a place and trans-
mitting them to a network,forecaster or a display.There are
several basic components that make up a Weather Monitoring
System. There are 4 key components included in every weather
monitoring system,without which it would be incomplete.They
are listed in the Table IV.A block diagram for a generic
weather monitoring system is given in Figure 6.
For a Weather monitoring System ,its Stack could be ex-
plained in 5 Layer Architecture as in Figure 7. Sensing Layer
which is responsible for sensing external environment uses
Sensors for detecting Temperature Humidity Air direction Air
Pressure etc.The Perception Layer consists of Microcontrollers
and Sensor Nodes. The Processing Layer is in charge of
collecting, cleaning, and analysing data received from the
Perception Layer.Networking Layer transfers the data between
the different layers through networking technologies such as
GSM , Bluetooth, LAN, NFC, Wireless, and RFID.In the
Application Layer, the user is delivered application-specific
services
In recent years, new technological applications have en-
abled us to measure numerous weather characteristics from
a distance, allowing us to monitor weather remotely. The
internet of things and the development of new gadgets have
generated these apps. Holovaty Andriy The Arduino and Wi-Fi
module ESP8266 have developed the IoT Weather Monitoring
System[1]. The IoT weather monitoring system’s hardware
consists of the Arduino mega 2560, the BME280 digitally
controlled pressure, temperature and moisture sensor, the ESP-
01 Wi-Fi module, and the 16 AN alphanumeric controller,
based on the Hitachi HD44780. PY Muck and MJ Homam
developed an Iot Based Weather Station Using Raspberry Pi
3. They wanted to build a prototype system that takes into

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 TABLE IV
L IST OF COMPONENTS OF I OT BASED WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Key Component Role Device /Technology used

Sensors
Microcontroller
Communication Module
Cloud /Server/IoT Platform
Could measure temperature, humidity, air pressure pressure Humidity Sensor,Temperature Sensor Air Quality Sensor
Used for filtering, preparing, and transferring data to the Arduino Uno , Raspberry Pi
cloud, as well as receiving orders from the cloud.
connect to the network to transmit data to the cloud and GSM , wifi
receive commands
The data transferred over the gateway is safely saved and Thingspeak openIOT
processed on the cloud. Or locally

predict weather information in a variety of applications, such

Fig. 7. IoT Stack for Weather Monitoring System
account and makes it available to users via various means,
taking account of varied weather conditions. Temperature,
moisture, pressure, intensity of light and precipitation are
several influences[2]. Medilla Kusriyanto, Agusti Anggara
Putra developed a Weather Station Design Using IoT Platform
Based On Arduino Mega[3]. They sought to build an IoT
platform to access the Weather Station on the Website. Without
having to come to the region, users can know the weather
changes in an area. As a microcontroller, this design utilises
Arduino Mega 2560. Temperature and humidity are monitored
by the sensors DHT-22, FC-37 rain sensor rain detection and
BMP180 air pressure sensor. To predict the weather, the results
of air pressure measurements are employed. K. Sai Nikhilesh,
P.J. Madhu Soothanan developed aLow-cost IoT based weather
monitoring system for the smart community[4].They suggested
a weather monitoring system in real time for a smart house,
which would communicate data from the sensors to cloud
using a message queuing protocol, such as rainfalls, tem-
perature, wind speeds and light intensity. The technology
described is portable, low-cost, and data is available at all
times. Gaurav Verma, Pranjul Mittal and Shaista Farheen
developed a Low Cost Real Time Weather Prediction System
Using and Machine Learning. They have tried to build a
weather prediction system in real time, which is used to
as residences, industry, agriculture or stadiums. The system
uses a sensor of humidity and temperature, i.e. DHT11 and an
LED sensor. The detected sensor data may be downloaded
from NodeMCU and ESP8266-01 to a ThingSpeak cloud
server. The data will also be published on a bespoke HTML
website for real-time monitoring. For building up the machine
learning environment, a logistic regression model is utilised.
This model is trained by the previously collected sensor data
values[6]. Lipsa Das et al. developed a Weather Station Design
Using IoT Platform Based On Arduino Mega The two-study
fields of control and information gathering processes combine
this duty to provide a huge database structure that answers
the credits used to generate the information provided[15]. The
design of weather monitoring systems and stations shown by
various existing implementation papers are given, In the Table
V below .
In the published implementation papers, Table VI lists the
sensors that have been utilized to monitor weather parameters.
The features of a second key component of IoT ,the Micro-
processor, have been discussed in the Table VII.Table VIII
summarises the technologies involved in connecting sensors
and the cloud that have been used in previous implementation
studies.The features of the various cloud platforms utilised
have been summarised in Table IX.
III. L IMITATIONS OF E XISTING S YSTEM
The following are challenges faced by the various existing
Systems stated in the published studies.
• Power needs are several basic limitations, as the basic
energy source typically provides these gadgets with costly
equipment.
• The knowledge accumulated with the devices must be
transferred manually by cable from the device to a laptop
or notebook.
• As a result, existing structures take up an infinite amount
of space, which makes finding remote locations and
places with limited space tiring.
• Used devices have a high price and have already received
an excessive proportion of stability and maintenance.
• The existing weather system models forecast the weather
and sudden changes with some delay.

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 TABLE V
A CHRONOLOGICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF EXISTING WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

References Year Sensors Used Parameters Used Description Platform used

[4] 2016 LM35 DHT11 LDR Temperature and Weather Monitoring ThingSpeak
Humidity CO Level system using ESP8266
Sound Light Intensity
[5] 2017 DHT11 MQ-7 BMP180 Rain Sensor Live Weather Station ThingSpeak
Temperature and based on Raspberry Pi
Humidity Pressure
Smoke, Rainfall
[6] 2018 FC-37 BMP-180 Rain Air Pressure Weather Station Design Dweet.io
DHT-22 Temperature and Using IoT Platform
Humidity Based On Arduino Mega
[7] 2019 DHT11 Temperature and Low Cost Weather Labview
Humidity Monitoring System
Based on ZigBee
[8] 2020 BMP180 DHT11 Air Pressure A weather station based Blynk -IoT app
SEN-00194 Temperature and on NodeMCU Board and
Humidity Rainfall Blynk - IoT Technology
[9] 2020 DHT11 LDR Temperature and Low Cost Real Time ThingSpeak
Humidity Light Intensity Weather Prediction
System Using and
Machine Learning
[10] 2020 DHT22 BMP180 Wind Vane Rain Gauge IoT Based Low Cost ThingSpeak
Temperature and Weather Station for
humidity Pressure wind Real-Time Monitoring
speed and direction,
rainfall
[11] 2020 LDR DHT11 Light Intensity Automatic Weather MATLAB Bluetooth
Temperature and Monitoring Analysis for
Humidity Renewable Energy
System
[12] 2020 Weather Meter kit Temperature and Weather Monitoring iSYNC(Cloud Server)
SHT30 MQ-131 Humidity Wind Speed Station using CoAP on
and Direction Ozone NB-IoT Network
Gas, Rainfall
[13] 2020 BMP180 DHT11 LDR Humidity and Real-Time Cloud based Thingspeak
Rain Gauge MQ-135 Temperature Pressure Weather Monitoring
atmosphere Precipitation System
Wind velocity, wind
direction. The point of
Dew Intensity of light
The portion of smoke
[14] 2020 DHT11 BMP180 Rain Sensor Raspberry Pi Based SparkFun Server
BH1750 Temperature and Weather Reporting
Humidity Atmospheric
Pressure Light Intensity
Rainfall
[15] 2020 LM35 LDR Rain Sensor Temperature Light Low-cost IoT based Blynk and Thingspeak
intensity Raindrop weather monitoring
system
[16] 2020 DHT11 BMP180 MQ7 Temperature and Monitoring Weather ThingSpeak
MQ135 Humidity Atmospheric Parameters and
Pressure Air Quality Pollutants Remotely
using Raspberry Pi

[17] 2021 BMP280 Temperature and Arduino and ESP8266 ThingsBoard

Humidity Wi-Fi Weather
Monitoring System

[18] 2021 DHT11 Temperature and Weather Monitoring ThingSpeak

humidity System Using Arduino
Uno

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 TABLE VI
F EATURE BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORS IN EXISTING WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Sensor Weather Operating Voltage Unit Range of Nominal Cost Accuracy

Parameter Value
BMP180 Air Pressure 1.3V – 3.6V hPa 0 to 65ºC 300 to 247.00 +/-0.5ºC (at 25ºC)
1100hPa ±0.12 hPa
BMP280 Air Pressure 1.2 - 3.6 V hPa -40 to +85°C 800 +/-0.5ºC (at 25ºC)
300...1100 hPa ±0.12 hPa
DHT22 Temperature And 3.3-5.5V. C and g.kg-1 -40ºC to +80ºC 348 +/- 0.5ºC (at -40 to
Humidity 80ºC)
DHT11 Temperature And 3.3-5.5V C and g.kg-1 0ºC to 50ºC 289 +/- 2ºC (at 0 to
Humidity 50ºC)
SHT30 Temperature and 2.15- 5.5 V g.kg-1 0 % to 100 % 499 ±0.2 and ± 2%
Humidity
FC37 Rain Detection 3.3V-5V 0 a Rain 1 a no 0 or 1 519.69 ±0.5°C(at -10°C to
Rain +85°C
LM 335 Temperature 2.95V - 3.01V ºK -40 to 100°C 65 1°C Initial
LM35 Temperature 5V ºC -55°C to 150°C 108 ±0.5°C at +25°C
LM34 Temperature 5 - 30 V ºF +32° to +212°F. 224 1.0°F (at 77°F)
MQ-2 Methane, Butane, 5V ppm 30010000ppm 199 Nil
Smoke
MQ7 CO Concentration 3.3-5.5V ppm 20 to 2000ppm. 280 Nil
MQ-9 CO Concentration 3.3-5.5V ppm 10 to 1,000 ppm 269 Nil
MQ-131 Ozone 3.3-5.5V ppm 2 – 10 ppm 1998 Nil
Concentration
MQ-135 Air quality Index 3.3-5.5V ppm 101000ppm 310 Nil
MQ-136 Hydrogen Sulphide 3.3-5.5V ppm 1 - 200ppm. 2399 Nil
concentration
MQ-137 Ammonia 5V ppm 10 to 300ppm 2350 Nil
concentration

TABLE VII
C OMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF M ICROCONTROLLER OF EXISTING WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Microcontroller Key Feature Limitations

Arduino Uno Easier to interface with analogue sensors, motors and others Can execute one code at a time, therefore multitasking activities
cannot slow down.
Arduino Mega Used mostly by engineers interested in hardcore electronics Can be only used in Space-restricted applications
Raspberry Pi Stronger and quicker Processor,multitasking is available When first starting off, you will need to set up and purchase
more components.
ESP8266 Microprocessor with Wi-Fi connectivity as well as low power Internal hardware that is completely different, incompatible
consumption voltage levels

TABLE VIII
C OMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION MEDIUM OF EXISTING WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Medium Description Problems

WSN Represent valuable networks that support environmental monitoring, Specific Sensor substitution, lower speed, and less security because
monitoring and sensing operations the programmer can read information such as username and password
Satellite In industrial and home automation applications wireless data transfer Astronomical start-up costs, Noise interference, propagation, and
technologies are becoming more and more utilised. time delays reduce efficiency.
GSM The low-power wide-range technique for licenced spectrum was Electronic Interference, Bandwidth lag, Limited range of Data
standardised by 3GPP. Transfer
Radar In order to examine the surroundings, radars have been constantly a Radar can take up to 2 seconds to bolt-on, and it has a broad pillar
military instrument. spread that allows it to detect more obstacle sources.
Zigbee It is a wireless technology that has been created to meet the Shorter range, lower complexity, slower information speed, and more
particular demands in low-cost wireless IoT networks in the open cost
worldwide standard.

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 TABLE IX
LIST OF SIMULATION PLATFORM USED FOR IOT BASED SYSTEM
IoT Platforms
Thingspeak
Blynk
Dweet.io
ThingsBoard.io
IV. A DVANTAGES
The benefits of the previous weather monitoring systems
reviewed in the paper are discussed in the following section.
1) It doesn’t require human attention
2) Low value and expense are less abundant with such
models.
3) Data from the sensors can also be sent to a web page
that can be accessed from anywhere on the planet.
4) Due to their high speed, these sensors can detect any
sudden change in the forecast.
5) Weather alerts can be easily viewed by visiting the
website of an IoT portal.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Smart Weather systems can help to improve the efficiency
of smart city contextualization and geo-awareness. Collective
intelligence will also enhance decision-making processes and
empower citizens.
This article summarises in this post the understandings of
IoT Key Components and Common IoT Architecture. To gain
previous knowledge, we offered a review of existing technolo-
gies utilized in the IoT area as of 2020. The study is based on
the most often used sensors, microcontrollers, communication
mediums, and IoT platforms in recent publications, and they
are also evaluated in terms of their features.
The multiple frameworks given in the existing papers are
examined in order to assess how different sensors and mi-
crocontrollers are used for weather monitoring.During our
analysis we found that BMP180 and LM35 were the most
efficient and least-expensive sensors for detecting air pressure
and temperature respectively .DHT11 was inexpensive and
measured two parameters: temperature and Humidity .MQ-
135 was discovered to be cost effective method of monitoring
air quality.In our research, the following limitations have
been recognised i.e Power requirements are most significant
restrictions, as these gadgets are generally equipped with
pricey energy sources.The information collected from devices
must be manually sent via cable to a laptop or notebook
from the device.As a consequence, existing structures take on
endless space that makes it possible to locate remote areas
and spaces that are constrained.Used equipment has a high
price and a high stable and maintenance level already.Existing
model weather systems predict the weather with some time
and abrupt shifts.
As a result of fast technical progress and the competitive
technological revolution, climate monitoring systems have
improved extensively.With our understanding of this study, we
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Platform Type
Web Platform
Mobile App Builder
Web Platform
Web Platform
can offer a low-cost ,renewable weather monitoring system
Which can assist us in determining the best solution for today
and tomorrow so that the consequences of climate change can
be avoided.
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[3] “SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and communities,” United Nations.
[Online]. Available: https://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-development-
goals/sdg-11.
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