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Prediction and Monitoring of Air Pollution Using
Internet of Things (IoT)
Sarita Jiyal
School of Computing
DIT University, Dehradun
Uttarakhand, India
saritajiyal1993@gmail.com
Abstract—In all developing countries such as India the
main problem of premature death is air pollution which also
effect the economy of country. When urbanization started then
various problem occurs such as environmental pollution,
traffic system etc. there is so much loss of resources in crowded
2020 Sixth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC) | 978-1-7281-7132-6/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/PDGC50313.2020.9315831
cities due to urbanization. The concept of smart sustainable
city can be used to balance the resources. If we do loss of
resources excessively than we will definitely create problems to
our future generation and excessive use of resources causes air
pollution. Than it is necessary to predict air pollution timely by
which it can be monitored. Using Internet of Things
monitoring of air pollution is necessary to save our
environment from all harmful pollutants. Vehicles are the
main cause of air pollution. Electric Vehicles and cycles can be
used in place of other vehicles for controlling the air pollution.
This research teaches that prediction of air pollution level is
very important by which peoples can divert there route of
travelling.
Keywords— smart sustainable city, Prediction air pollution,
Traffic System
I. INTRODUCTION
Air pollution in vehicles mainly causes due to incomplete
combustion of fuel. It releases many harmful gases such as
carbon monoxide and Nitrogen oxides. These gases give bad
effect to our environment, human beings, plants and animals.
These harmful gases can monitor by a device which based on
internet of thing technique. With the help of sensors,
microcontroller, a computer and buzzer we can monitored
the air pollution causing vehicle. Pollutant makes changes in
the ecosystem and affects the climate.
All forms of pollution are harmful for environment but
the main form which should noticed is air pollution [3]. Air
pollution is the biggest problem not only in India but also in
the world. Pollution control circuits are focused on detection
of pollution level and control on pollution. The circuit
involves sensors & devices [4]. Air pollution affects the
atmosphere and health of human beings which causes the
premature death. As time is going on air pollution increased
day by day which results increased in mortality rate. Now a
day’s numbers of vehicles increasing with increase of
population day by day. We have found that 30% of air
pollution is because of fuel used in the transport nodes. The
goal of this paper is to give smart traffic management
system. The rest in the paper is about reviews and limitation
future directions and so on [5]. Air pollution is namely of 2
types. The 1st is indoor and 2nd One is outdoor air pollution.
In indoor air pollution includes usage of plant waste, coal,
etc. power plants used for generating electricity which leads
to outdoor air pollution. According to results, WHO said that
90/100 people take contaminated air inside [12]. For cities
air pollution is one of the main challenging problems.
Traditionally when urbanization started then various
problems occurs such as environmental pollution, Traffic
k,(((
Authorized
licensed use limited to: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Downloaded
Rakesh Kumar Saini
School of Computing
DIT University, Dehradun
Uttarakhand, India
rakeshcool2008@gmail.com
system etc. there is so much loss of resources in crowded
cities due to urbanization. The concept of smart sustainable
user can used to balance the resources [3]. Develops city is a
part of developing people quality on IOT network,
everything in the city is smart water, electricity and so on.
Importantly NB-IOT has giving various services. There is
also wireless sensor network for application of environment
monitoring.
The sensors connect on the smart phones to check
humidity, temperature and so on. Various sensors are used to
detect the air pollution in the development. The services for
air quality are having an eye on developed city for checking
the way of living, weather, waste and traffic management
etc. [2]. To increase the accessibility of transport, public
bicycle system has another name of bicycle system is bicycle
systems, or bike share scheme [7].
As we know air pollution mainly increased due to
increase of vehicles movement in city. In our country there is
mandatory to take Pollution under control Fitness certificate
in every three months. ARM7 processor is inbuilt in vehicle
which can turn off the vehicle When it exceeds its air
pollution limits [13]. Traffic controlling and monitoring is a
challenge in India. IOT is the greatest technology to monitors
air pollution [14]. Air pollution is increasing day by day with
the increase in use of vehicles. An environmental problem is
also growing faster. We need to focus on application safety
for the vehicles which is important for intelligent transport
system [6]. We found out 55% of world’s population lived in
urban areas. According to the reports. It is essential to have
guide systems. That takes a look on air quality and gives
clear idea for talking proper actions. There is a chance to
generate guiding networks that will help in the
transformation of urban areas to smart cities [8].
A. Air quality monitoring
The basic need for living beings is air of good quality.
According to the reports 90% of people breathe
contaminated air. Most people are dying due to air pollution.
Air pollution causes many diseases such as lung cancer,
respiratory problems, heart diseases etc. Global warming is a
serious problem which also caused due to air pollution. Due
to global warming temperature of earth increasing by which
the glaciers are melting rapidly it is not good for
environment. So need to maintain quality of air. We need to
reduce the air pollution. Without good quality of air the life
become very painful so we have to monitors over the air
quality [3]. generally, air quality monitoring system giving
low data currently. this is helpful in efficient and emotional
advices in IOT. it is very useful in medical field like ECG
etc. it allows us linking many devices and sensors of
different technologies. it is mixed up of different aspects like
traffic mmanagement in medical etc. IOT is used in research
to guide air pollution to detect pollution in time to time. there
is also impact in human life air pollution. the main motive is
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to develop a smart city with all-time proper needs of nature
& industry’s needs.
II. IMPROVEMENT IN THE DETECTION LEVEL
Nowadays improvement indirection pollution level is
faster than compare of earlier days. Sensors of various types
fixed in different -different devices to detect the level of
pollution. The main goal is to develop a model that gives
how the pollution field looks like. Control over the pollution
is an important concept for the smart cities.
A. Industrial contribution in air pollution
Peoples from villages going to the cities for many
purposes such as education, work etc. movement of people to
cities leads to urbanization. Need of people increasing day by
day to live a better life. Air pollution due to industry is
important topic which cannot be neglected. In industries due
to manufacturing of products various chemicals, acid etc. are
use which releases harmful gases and wastage to
environment which is harmful for the environment and lives
also whether it is of human and animals. Various diseases
also occur due to pollution. It has a huge part in health
problem. The wastage of chemicals after usage thrown in the
rivers and dirty places. Because of which acid rain occurs.
Various damage takes place during these rains. Industries
have taken steps in controlling of air pollution. Reduce the
release of gases which are harmful and control in air and
water pollution. Conserve natural resources as much as
possible for our future generation. Decrease in health issues
by providing facilities of treatment and taking care of it.
B. An ambition for smart city
There is attentiveness in the cities of the resources and
energy. There is also a lead in decline of air quality due to
generation of wastes in the other city’s environment problem.
It causes various health issues like respiratory failures. There
is also poor connectivity between air quality & climate
change.
III. ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION
When pollution increases it directly impact on the
environment. Causes harm to animals, human life ocean
layer, climate, aquatic life etc. it is also reduction of egg
production & growth which leads to migration of birds and
affects life of birds (death). It also causes effects on hatching.
Fig. 1. Air pollution due to industries
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Pollution in prominent areas - Prominent areas such as
hospitals and schools listed first. Students lived in air
polluted school for maximum time likes 6 to 7 hours a day
which leads to diseases like asthma and bronchitis. In this
place pollution sensors will help in guiding important a
supportive solution to help the student and patient from the
effect of pollution to save their live. Likely schools and
hospitals suffer high air pollution due to traffic jam in nearby
highways than the highways will be shutdown and other
rerouted away from the services to reduce the pollution level.
A. Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet is the main part of the internet of thing. Internet
of thing is a technique which is used to transfer the
information from device to device. The various type of
sensor is used to collects the data such as light, sound,
temperature and heat and it form a network in internet.
Nowadays internet of things is used in many fields such as
agriculture, industries, environment protection etc. The
working of IOT device is not only to sensing the data but
also analysis the data which is collected by sensors. The
analysis of data is the main part for taking decision. All
devices such as sensors, microcontroller etc. are connected
which each other with the help of internet.
Fig. 2. Air pollution monitoring device based on IOT
B. IOT based Air pollution monitoring device
In this device various type of sensors are used. Mainly
Gas sensor and particulate matter sensor are used. Gas
sensors are used to detect various types of gases such sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and
particulate matter sensor used to detect the dust which
presents in the environment of crowded city. The unit in
which these sensors are present named as sensing unit.
Sensing unit sense the data from environment and transfer
the data wirelessly to the microcontroller. It analysis the data
and send it the cloud. In cloud whole data is stored. If the
pollution level crosses it normal limit than it will display in
android phones or computer screen. We can monitor air
pollution by rerouting the vehicles from city.
C. Green IOT System
Ecosystem can be stable with the help of internet of
things. IOT device requires sufficient energy to monitor the
pollution in cities hence for opening the devices with low
power is main challenge for smart sustainable city, so green
IOT in considered. Energy consumption of Internet of thing
devices can be reducing by using Green IOT by which we
can get sustainable environment [3].
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D. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Sensors are put in mobiles, vehicles etc. which are
wireless. There are 2 luminosity sensors & noise sensor has
been introduced. It is now focusing on environment
monitoring at temporal scales. It is usually working on
gathering information about pollutant lives by the vehicles. It
is usually design and operates the system by usage sensor
network. it is making progress in overall ways. it is
consisting of sensors node which can detect factors likes. air
pressure, quality H2O & composition of air. it’s used in
places like personal space, floors, agriculture hence utility
etc. it is related to IOT. It is interconnected to sends data.
Terrestrial wireless sensor network - In this type of
wireless sensor network 100 to 1000 of sensor nodes is
present in structure and unstructured mode. It has limited
battery and solar power is used as another battery source.
Underground wireless sensor network - The equipment
and maintenance cost of underground sensor network is more
than terrestrial wireless sensor network. In this type of
wireless sensor network sensor nodes are used to monitor the
condition below ground.
Mobile wireless sensor network - In this type of network
sensor nodes can be moved and interact with their
surroundings. The energy efficiency and capacity are better
than static wireless sensor network. It is more useful wireless
sensors network in comparison of static wire.
Fig. 3. Pollution level with Time
IV. GAPS IN EXISTING WORK
We can know air pollution level easily using internet of
things devices but we can’t solve it immediately. Motivating
peoples to save our resources is not an easy task. It is very
difficult to convenience peoples to use public transport,
bicycles etc. Sensor’s which are placed in crowded areas can
have security problems. The main challenge is security of the
data and storage. In unfavourable weather condition there
can be maintenance problem in device. Energy consumption
and maintenance cost of air pollution monitoring device is
high. The main challenge in real time is to process the huge
amount of data. The cost of device is high in existing models.
The data measurement quality of device is not accurate
resulting incorrect level of pollution.
V. MOTIVATION FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
These are some point wise motivations for air pollution
monitoring-
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1. Excessive use of resources causes serious problems
such as air pollution which is very harmful for
human, plants and animals.
2. Use of resources increasing day by day which can
create problems to our future’s generations. So, it is
necessary to make sustainable smart city by which
resource can be sustain.
3. Population is increasing rapidly due to which the
demand of products also increased. So need of
industrialization also increasing.
4. We know industries releases harmful gases and
waste products to our environment cause air
pollution.
5. Nowadays peoples in cities use private transport for
their purpose and single person use whole car for his
work while he can use public transport.
6. So number of vehicles is increasing and combustion
of fuel also increased. Due to this air pollution also
increased. So these above explained point’s motive
for monitoring air pollution.
VI. PROPOSED MODEL FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Nowadays air pollution is the most crucial topic for
developing countries. Air pollution mainly increases due to
vehicles and industries. Air pollution causes harmful diseases
such as asthma; lung problems etc. air pollution also affects
plants, animals and the economy.
So we need to control air pollution. In this proposed
model we predict the air pollution level easily using the
Internet of things. In this proposed model sensing unit is
present which have field sensor MQ135 which sense
ammonia, carbon dioxide and smoke and dust sensor
DSM501A which sense dust is connected to Arduino ESP
8266. The Gas sensors and dust sensors are placed in E-
rickshaw of city. After sensing the quality of air sensors
transmit data to the Arduino ESP 8266. After analysis of
data, data stored in cloud and if the pollution level crossed its
limit then the response goes to the alarming station in the city
and the alarm rings to raise awareness about pollution level.
Information about pollution level is also checked by android
application. A notification goes to alarming station for
alarming if the pollution increased in city. If the If the
pollution level increases a notification goes to the pollution
related android application of peoples.
Fig. 4. Flow chart of proposed model
With the help of android app in mobile people can know
about the pollution level of crowded area by which they can
change their route. Alarming units also rings and then
measures can be taken to control air pollution level. Air
 6L[WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3DUDOOHO'LVWULEXWHGDQG*ULG&RPSXWLQJ3'*&
pollution monitoring is necessary because global warning,
acid rains etc. are some factors which are very harmful to
environment. With this model we can easily detect and
predict the air pollution.
TABLE 1. Sensors and their usage
Sensor Sensor Sensor Usage
type name cost
(Rupees)
Gas MQ 135 328 Detect
NH3,
alcohol,
C6H6,
smoke
CO2
Dust DSMS01A 1100 PM1.00,
2.5
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Air pollution is one of the major problems in India.
Because of air pollution there is decrease in economy of
India. It also affecting the life of human, animals and plants.
Air pollution mainly occurs through traffic jam, vehicles,
industries, burning of crackers etc. we can reduce the level of
pollution by using public transports instead of private
vehicle, say no to crackers, and by taking proper care of it.
We use lot of resources which also leads to air pollution. The
main motivation is to reduce air pollution as much as it
possible. Air pollution is also affecting public health. It leads
to diseases like heart attack respiratory problems, coughing
and also breathing problem, decrease in functioning of lungs
etc. we can also use electric vehicle and bicycle to reduce air
pollution. The only thing we can do is to reduce it if we have
to overcome with this various problem. This idea which was
implemented in this paper is very good idea. when the newly
microcontroller are invented than the old one can be replaced
in model. In future work user can also find their best route
with minimum air pollution. By using solar energy, we can
improve the power efficiency of the IoT device. In all
weather condition the equipment’s maintenance is a
challenge. We can easily made changes in this model and
can control the vehicular air pollution completely.
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