Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041

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Results in Physics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rinp

Application of quantum key distribution in intelligent security operation

and maintenance of power communication networks
Hongnian Wen, Aixue Xu *, Huijuan Qi
Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, China

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: With the continuous development of power communication network and the improvement of intelligent degree,
Power communication network security and operation and maintenance become more and more important. Therefore, this paper
Internet of things proposes a solution for intelligent security operation and maintenance of power communication network based
Intelligent operation and maintenance
on Quantum key distribution (QKD). QKD is an encryption technology based on the principle of quantum me­
Data management and control
chanics, which can realize secure Key exchange and resist attacks of traditional encryption algorithms. We use
QKD technology to generate and distribute security keys for protecting communication and data transmission in
power communication networks. The results show that the efficiency and accuracy of communication data
acquisition, transmission, analysis and processing of the Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations system of the
power communication network using the power Internet of Things technology are far higher than that of the
traditional operation and maintenance technology, which improves the operation and maintenance accuracy of
the power communication network by about 25%. The intelligent operation and maintenance system of the
power communication network designed by the author, it effectively improves the communication data pro­
cessing capability and the reliability of operation and maintenance results, and can meet the current practical
engineering application requirements. This study provides an innovative solution for the secure operation and
maintenance of power communication networks, which is of great significance for protecting the security and
stable operation of power communication networks.

Introduction maintenance is easily affected. depending on the context of the em­

Electronic communication is an important link in ensuring the
normal supply of electricity, and the safe and stable operation of
communication is the key to stable operation. and reliability of the
electric grid. Timely and accurate work of communication, and power
communication inspection can timely discover abnormal hidden dan­
gers and defects of power communication [1]. In recent years, with the
continuous development of smart projects, the needs of electronic
communication are increasing, and the operation and maintenance of
mobile communication are also facing the set big problem. At present,
most of the operation and maintenance of the electronic communication
system is used for business and maintenance, mainly by the operator of
the terminal to manually operate and manage the electronic commu­
nication network. Because the operation and maintenance of the
communication power reflects the characteristics of the entire network,
it increases the burden and complexity of the operation and mainte­
nance of the site, and at the same time, the process of site operation and
ployees, which leads to problems such as bad faith and poor
performance.
Characteristics of intelligent operation and monitoring power of in­
formation communication technology. Work and care means work and
care [2,3]. Intelligent operation and technology of electronic commu­
nication information about the use of intelligent equipment and tech­
nology in the operation and maintenance of equipment in substation to
ensure the smooth operation of the information communication system.
The operation and maintenance of electronic information communica­
tion systems is very difficult, and has the following two main charac­
teristics: First, the number and types of equipment that make up the
power information communication system are very large, and the power
operation status is also very complex. Therefore, the power information
communication system operation and maintenance work The workload
is very large and very professional [4]. This kind of work is a great test
for the endurance, professional knowledge and hands-on ability of the
power information communication system operation and maintenance

* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: AixueXu7@126.com (A. Xu).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.107041
Received 24 August 2023; Received in revised form 22 September 2023; Accepted 28 September 2023
Available online 29 September 2023
2211-3797/© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).
H. Wen et al.
personnel. The operation and maintenance personnel are in the opera­
tion of the power information communication system. Fatigue during
maintenance work is quite normal. The second is that the possibility of
problems and failures in the power information communication system
is relatively large. Moreover, if the power information communication
system fails, in addition to consuming a lot of manpower and material
resources and causing economic losses, it also requires large-scale
troubleshooting and repair work, which will take a lot of time to
repair the failure. Therefore, if you want to engage in the operation and
maintenance of the power information communication system, good
physical fitness, excellent professional quality and rich operating expe­
rience are all essential conditions. The significance of building an
intelligent operation and maintenance system for power information
data. Establishing an electronic communication system plays an
important role in improving the quality of life and economic power of
the Chinese people. As the quality of life of the people continues to
improve, the desire to build an electronic communication network is
increasing. In order to reduce the probability of failure of power data
communication and improve the efficiency of data communication, it is
necessary to establish a intelligent operation and maintenance of energy
information communication. The role of the power information data
intelligent operation and maintenance system is mainly reflected in six
aspects: routine maintenance, engineering cooperation, crime preven­
tion, operations and management, safety management and quality
control. It can be seen from this that the creation of intelligent use and
maintenance of electronic information is important to improve the
performance of information communication electronic and the use of
electronic information communication is good, and it is necessary to pay
attention to it.
The rapid economic and social progress has driven the development
of the power industry, and technology research and development has
also brought new opportunities to it. In order to make the most of the use
of information and care in the communication of electronic information,
it is necessary to use plans to establish a communication communication
of power, so as to meet the actual needs of relevant enterprises in the
current development and ensure their It can be in an invincible position
in the fierce market competition. It can be seen that it is very necessary
to study the system intelligent operation and maintenance technology.
Literature review
With the development and renewal of the power industry, the
intelligent and automatic control of the power grid has gradually
become the main development direction. Smart grid means that while
ensuring the economical and safe transportation of electricity, it can
intelligently and automatically adjust the load of the grid, therefore, the
original manual control of the power grid and transmission equipment
has evolved to the automatic control method of the system. The power
communication network is a dedicated communication network serving
various businesses of the power grid, it is a communication whole that
connects the terminal device, the transmission equipment and the
switching system using a specific method and communication method.
At present, the Internet of Things technology has great advantages in
information perception, storage, transmission and processing in other
industrial applications, and can achieve comprehensive status percep­
tion, fast and flexible networking, efficient information fusion, flexible
communication methods, and high-speed information processing, and it
has the advantages of convenient and flexible application and high de­
gree of intelligence, and has been widely used in industrial applications.
However, compared with the Internet of Things technology in the field
of power system, the operation and maintenance of power communi­
cation network has certain differences in management and control [5,6].
Using modern advanced communication and information technology to
connect people, machines and things in the power system, and to carry
out mutual penetration and deep integration of all aspects of the power
system, form a data sharing system with the power grid as the hub,
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Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041
furthermore, it can fully perceive the operation status of the whole
system and different links, and building an efficient and intelligent
power control system requires an intelligent communication decision-
making mechanism, it is necessary to build a power communication
network with intelligent decision-making ability for power.
With this in mind, the author identified and developed a system for
the intelligent operation and monitoring of mobile communications
based on the “Internet of Things” platform. The main characteristics and
design of the power of the Internet are introduced, the general
communication model of the communication power and the intelligent
operation and monitoring are analyzed in detail, and the Important
functions of smart work and maintenance, such as information systems,
are discussed, intelligent fault analysis and early warning centralized
monitoring are emphasized. Finally, the practical application results
verify the effectiveness of the intelligent operation and maintenance of
the designed power communication network.
Methods
Secure communication system based on big data
The communication decision module of the system not only receives
the communication instructions and manual control signals of the con­
sole, but also receives the communication instructions of the big data
processing center, which is the brain of the whole system. The A/D
conversion module is used to realize the mutual conversion of digital
signals and analog signals. In the power communication network,
communication instructions and data are transmitted in the computer
system in the form of digital signals. In order to facilitate and adapt to
the transmission of cables and lines, it needs to be converted into analog
signals.
The protocol adaptation module connected with the A/D module is
responsible for sending digital signals to the A/D module, and adap­
tively adapts to different communication protocols, converts data and
instructions into corresponding protocol formats, and facilitates data
transmission. The data storage module is used to store the data pro­
cessed by the data separation and processing module, and store the data
in the database for easy analysis and utilization [7,8].
The overall workflow of the system is shown in Fig. 1. First, the data
is converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion module, and the
protocol adaptation module determines its communication protocol
according to the characteristics of the data, and then sends it to the
controlled system [9]. At the same time, the data separation and pro­
cessing module separates the data, stores it in the data storage module,
and finally sends the data to the big data processing center.
Big data shaping based on power communication business
Considering the variety of power communication services, the ser­
vice streams are roughly divided into voice stream services, video
stream services, and interactive data stream services. Among them, the
voice streams are various power grid voice services, in the power
communication services, most of the video services are concentrated in
various video surveillance services, such as smart substation video sur­
veillance services. The interactive data flow business concentrates most
of the power communication business. Therefore, in the process of
queue scheduling, a mixed scheduling strategy of PQ and WFQ is
adopted. First, WFQ queue scheduling is performed on AF1-AF4 and BE
queues, by assigning weights, different bandwidth values are given to
different queues, the WFQ algorithm is expressed as follows: Consid­
ering the working period of the system, its virtual time is defined as
follows:
V(0) = 0 (1)
H. Wen et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041

Fig. 1. The overall workflow of the system.

( ) ( ) ∑
V tj− 1 + τ = V tj− 1 + τ/ φi (2)
Table 1
i∈Bi
Logical table of power equipment database.
τ⩽tj − tj− 1 , j = 2, 3, ⋯ (3) field name type of data primary key

EquipNumber INT Yes

Define two virtual time functions at the same time:
Let aki represent the arrival time of the k-th data packet of the i-th
data stream, and Lki represent the packet length of the k-th data packet of
the i-th data stream.
Ski is the start time of the k-th packet of the i-th data stream, and its
virtual time function is:
{ ( )}
Sik = Max Fik− 1 , V aki (4)
Fik is the end time of the kth packet of the ith data stream, and its virtual
time function is:
Fik = Sik + Lki /γi (5)
Ultimately, the forwarding order of a packet is determined by the virtual
service time calculation result. Data packets with shorter time are sent
first. At the same time, considering that WFQ can allocate bandwidth
according to different power communication traffic, it is considered to
meet the bandwidth requirements according to different power
communication services. According to the traffic statistics of the power
communication network for a period of time, it can be seen that most of
the data service traffic is relatively stable, so it is only necessary to es­
timate the network traffic bandwidth according to the following formula
(maximum bandwidth allocation algorithm) to obtain the corresponding
WFQ ratio. Due to the variety of power communication network ser­
vices, only a few typical power communication services are considered
in the subsequent experiments [10].
Big data storage and processing center
The power communication big data processing center mainly stores
various equipment information, communication protocols and in­
structions, use the integration and sharing of electronic communication
to communicate through information. The logical table of the power
equipment database see Table 1.
Intelligent operation and maintenance system of power communication
network
Definition of power communication network
The power communication network is a dedicated communication
network serving various businesses of the power grid, it is a communi­
cation whole that connects terminal devices, transmission equipment
and switching systems by using specific methods and communication
methods. The basic structure of the power communication network is
EquipID varchar No
EquipClass varchar No
EquipAdress varchar No
GeographyPosition varchar No
Status varchar No
SetupTime varchar No
Department varchar No
Priority varchar No
shown in Fig. 2 [11].
Power communication network mainly includes transmission
network, business network and group. Among them, the communication
network is the foundation of the communication network, which mainly
consists of transmission equipment and transmission media; The busi­
ness network is an application network constructed through the trans­
mission network, and cooperates with the support network to complete
different business applications of the power grid.
Overall architecture of intelligent operation and maintenance
The development of smart grid is better and better, the business
volume of communication network is increasing day by day, the oper­
ation and maintenance of traditional communication is limited to the
development of network communication, the disadvantage of normal
operation and maintenance: Operation and maintenance of communi­
cation network service work is progressing day by day, the operation
and management of technology is not continuous, and there is no good
way of intelligent information management.
Considering the lack of business in traditional communication and
maintenance mode, the author shows the work of intelligent commu­
nication and maintenance based on the Internet of Things. This system
can use information processing and maintenance, reduce the workload
of operation and maintenance personnel, and improve the level of
network communication and management. Together with the general
framework of the Internet of Things and communication, intelligent
operation and management based on the Internet of Things is created,
see Fig. 3.
Intelligent operation and maintenance of telecommunications
including protocol layer, service layer, data layer and network layer.
Among them, the application layer includes operation and maintenance
knowledge, operation and maintenance decision, and fault diagnosis,
statistical reporting, push messages and do, etc.; The service uses
Internet of Things technology to implement a simple system for intelli­
gent operation and monitoring of energy communication, including data
files and service applications [12,13]. The data resource layer is mainly
to store, classify, filter, convert, analyze and process the collected power

3
H. Wen et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041

Fig. 2. Overall architecture of power communication network.

Fig. 3. Overall architecture of intelligent operation and maintenance of power communication network.

communication network data, and use the multi-site information
configuration function of the Internet of Things to manage and transmit
telecommunications information in a unified manner; The infrastructure
layer is the key equipment and system for intelligent operation and
maintenance, including operating systems, servers, IoT sensors, network
equipment, network configuration, and wireless private networks.
Intelligent operation and maintenance function module
Data configuration processing module
The data configuration processing module based on the Internet of
Things is the key support module for the intelligent operation and
maintenance of the power communication network, it is located in the
data resource layer of the intelligent operation and maintenance system,
and its main function is to quickly collect and build an information
system, the basic structure is shown in Fig. 4. The data configuration
processing module uses the power Internet of Things technology to

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H. Wen et al.
Fig. 4. Basic architecture of data configuration processing module.
extract features from the multi-source information of the communica­
tion network,and build an abstract meta-model; New-generation distri­
bution-oriented technologies and data warehouse technologies are used
to show the behavior model. Compared with traditional work and
technology, the introduction of information processing based on the
Internet of Things can improve the processing speed of information
processing and the service level of the Power communication network
operation and maintenance.
Fault intelligent analysis module
Intelligent operation and monitoring The fault analysis of telecom­
munications is in the application layer of intelligent operation and
monitoring and usually includes functions such as the recognition of
criminal history, fault location, fault judgment, business impact anal­
ysis, fault correlation analysis and fault early warning. Among them, the
fault history knowledge base is a fault knowledge base constructed by
recording different fault data of the power communication network,
provide information on the next error decision; The fault location and
the decision usually depends on the physical location of the
Fig. 5. Logical structure of intelligent fault analysis module of power communication network.
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Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041
communication phone and the model of the fault detection and visual
image, so as to realize the judgment and location of the fault point;
Business impact analysis is to perform statistics and analysis on the
influencing factors that cause power communication network faults;
Fault correlation analysis is to analyze the correlation between different
faults in power communication network; Fault early warning is the use
of real-time power communication network data and historical knowl­
edge to predict possible faults in the communication network as smart
alerts reporting algorithms [14,15]. The joint action of the above
functional modules can realize intelligent decision-making of faults. In
addition, the system uses artificial intelligence algorithms to diagnose
faults based on the fault history knowledge base, and archives the fault
diagnosis results in the fault history knowledge base. The logical
structure of the fault intelligent analysis system is shown in Fig. 5.
Early warning centralized monitoring module
The early warning configuration management can receive, process
and display the early warning definition function, and the centralized
monitoring module realizes the centralized summary of the early
H. Wen et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107041

warning information and business information of the communication

network, and carries out a unified classification display, which can
centrally monitor and manage the real-time operation status of the
power communication network. Among them, wireless communication
can be divided into business Ethernet, wireless private networks, and
wireless public networks according to the type of network. Early
warning monitoring mainly includes early warning collection, early
warning classification, early warning display, early warning prompt,
early warning operation, early warning status calculation and early
warning query [16]. The basic structure of the early warning centralized
monitoring module is shown in Fig. 6.

Results and discussion

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent operation and

monitoring of the Internet of Things Communication, intelligent oper­
ation and monitoring of communication was applied to the power area
in China and compared with the traditional network. Data storage and
storage operations and maintenance technologies. Among them, work in
telecommunications and maintenance has disadvantages such as labor
and maintenance and data loss, and difficulty in equipment verification,
and the collection, storage and processing efficiency of communication
data is low. Fig. 7 shows the communication data search results of the
intelligent operation and monitoring of the communication network.
According to the simulation results, the intelligent operation and
monitoring of telecommunications has more efficiency and accuracy
than the traditional operation in the Internet and communication data
collection, distribution, analysis and processing. maintenance technol­
ogy that improves the performance and maintenance accuracy of elec­
tronic communications by approximately 25 % [17,18].
Therefore, after intelligent operation and control of the power
communication network, it is based on the ability of the Internet of
things, and is used to jointly control the Internet of things, cloud plat­
forms and other technologies, telephonic communication can be
controlled visually through technology. specifically control the mobile
phone [19,20]. The terminal technology has developed a high efficiency
and intelligent online and communication monitoring of the commu­
nication power described in this way, which makes the benefits of
professional management of electrical energy and operation and oper­
ation and maintenance of communication network. Intelligent operation
and maintenance using real-time data exchange and interaction tools
and online connection technology to improve the level of intelligence of
communication network business and monitoring and making commu­
nication network work and maintenance efficient, reliable and safe.
Conclusion
Fig. 7. The detection results of the communication data of the power
communication network.
and intelligent operations and data management telephone communi­
cation using intelligent equipment for intelligent analysis, additional
problem solving and use of computer rooms. Performance monitoring
tools. First, the main features and functionality of the Internet of Things
are introduced, and based on this, the general communication model,
smart operation and monitoring are analyzed in detail, focus to the main
points. Intelligent operation and monitoring functions such as data set
operation module, intelligent fault detection module, early warning
central control module. As a result, it has been shown that the intelligent
operation and monitoring of the communication network created by the
author can improve the management and control level of information
use, efficiency and maintenance, security and reliability of
communications.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Hongnian Wen: . Aixue Xu: Conceptualization, Methodology,
Software, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Inves­
tigation, Supervision, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing.
Huijuan Qi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation,
Writing – original draft, Visualization, Investigation, Supervision, Soft­
ware, Validation, Writing – review & editing.

The author introduces intelligent operations, monitoring, data

management and telecommunications management based on big data,

Fig. 6. Logic structure of early warning centralized monitoring module.

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H. Wen et al.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
Data availability
No data was used for the research described in the article.
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