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Belt Drives, Chain, Rope Drives, Gear Drives and Their Applications-Two-Marks-Q-A
Belt Drives, Chain, Rope Drives, Gear Drives and Their Applications-Two-Marks-Q-A
11. List the different types of joints employed for joining the flat belts.
Cemented Joints, Laced Joints, Crest Joints, Hinged Joints.
12.Why tight side of the belt should be at the bottom of side of the pulley?
The driving pulley pulls the belt from the lower side and delivers it to the upper side. So the lower side of the
belt is tight.
13. What is the difference between the open belt and cross belt drive?
In open belt drive the direction of rotations of driving and driven pulleys are same whereas in cross belt drive
they are opposite to each other.
16. List the factors to be considered during the selection of a belt drive.
1. Amount of power to be transmitted.
2. Centre distance between shafts.
3. Space available.
4. Speed ratio.
17. List the factors on which the co-efficient of friction between the belt and pulley depends?
1. Belt material
2. Pulley material
3. Slip of the belt
4. Speed of belt.
18. List the losses in belt drives OR What are the various losses in the power transmission by belts.
1. Frictional losses.
2. Losses due to slip and creep.
3. Loss in bearings.
4. Windage losses or air resistance to the movement of pulley and belt.
19. A longer belt will last more than a shorter belt. Why?
The life of the belt is a function of the centre distance between the driven and driver shafts.
The shorter the distance, more often the belt will be subjected to bending stress while running around the pulleys. Hence a
longer belt will last more than a shorter one.
1/2
V = (T/3m)
33. List the advantages of V belts over the Flat belt drives.
- The force of friction between the surfaces of the belt and V grooved pulley is high due to wedge action.
Results in increase in the power transmitting capacity.
- V belts have short centre distance, that results in compact construction.
- Permit high speed reduction even upto seven to one.
- Smooth and quiet operation, even at high operating speeds.
- Drive is positive because the slip is negligible due to wedge action.
- V belts can operate in any position, even when the belt is vertical.
34. List the disadvantages of V belt drives over flat belt drives.
- The efficiency of the V belt is lower than that of he flat belt and the creep is also higher.
- The construction of V grooved pulleys is complicated and costlier compared with pulleys of the flat belt
drives.
35. List the applications of V belts.
- V belts are very popular where electric motor is used as the prime mover to drive compressors, pumps, fans,
positive displacement pumps, blowers and machine tools. They are also popular in automobiles to drive accessories on
petrol or diesel engines.
T1/T2 = eµ . cosec
5. No. of belts required = Total power transmitted / power transmitted per belt.
6. In what ways timing belts or ribbed V belts or synchronous belt are superior than ordinary belts V
belts?
Since the timing belts possess toothed shape in their inner side, their engagement with toothed pulley will provide
positive drive without any slip. Whereas in the case of ordinary belt possibility of
the slip is more. In this manner toothed belts are superior.
7. In what way the silent chain is better than ordinary driving chain?
A silent chain consists of a series of toothed plates pinned together in rows across the width of the chain. Even
though the structure of silent chain is more complicated, its engagement with
sprocket is very smooth and hence we get soundless operation. That is why, silent chain is preferred.
9. What are the possible ways by which a chain drive may fail?
Wear in the joints which leads to the elongation of chain resulting improper engagement with the sprockets.
Wear of the sprockets.
Fatigue failure of the plates at the eyes. Poor
lubrication and improper maintenance.
10. What is the difference between bush chain and roller chain?
Even though the bush and roller chains seem to be similar, roller chains are provided with cylindrical plates
over the chain pins which are not available in bush chains. Hence wear due to engagement can be reduced much in
roller chains.
Also roller chains are heavier than bush chains.
13.In chain drives sprocket has odd no. of teeth and the chain has even no. of pitches. Why?
In order to balance and correct engagement of chain with the sprockets, length of chain should be corrected to
even no. of pitches.
1. What are the advantages of gear drives over other types of drives?
1. High load carrying capacity 2. High efficiency
3. Compact layout
4. Transmit power from very small value to thousands of value.
5. Exact velocity ratio is obtained – no slip.
7. Define module.
Ratio of pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
10. Tip Circle or Addendum Circle – The circle which coincides with the tops of all teeth.
11. Root Circle or Deddendum Circle – The circle which coincides with the roots or bottom of all the teeth.
12. Pitch Circle – It is the imaginary circle in which the pair of gears roll one over the other. This circle can be
visible when the pair of gears are fastly rotating. This will lie between tip circle and root circle.
13. Pressure angle – It is the angle making by the line of action with the common tangent to the pitch circles of
mating gears.
14. Circular Pitch – It is the distance along the pitch circle between corresponding profiles of adjacent teeth.
15. Diametral Pitch – It is the ratio of number of teeth on the gear to the unit length of pitch circle diameter.
19. What is the effect of increasing and decreasing the pressure angle in gear design?
- Increasing the pressure angle will increase the beam and surface strengths of tooth. But gear becomes noisy and
shortens the duration of contact.
- Decreasing the pressure angle will increase the minimum number of teeth required on the pinion to avoid
interference/undercutting.
25. List the standard systems for the shape of gear teeth.
- 14.5 ° Full depth involute system
- 20° Full depth involute system
- 20 ° Full depth involute system
29. What are the advantage of 20 ° pressure angle system over 14.5 ° pressure angle system?
- It reduces the risk of undercutting
- It reduces the interference
- Due to the increased pressure angle, the tooth becomes slightly broader at the root. This makes
the tooth stronger and increases the load carrying capacity.
- It has greater length of contact.
30. List the functions of idler gear.
- Idler gears fill the space between the driving and driven gears.
- Idler gears change the direction of rotation of the last driven shaft relative to the first driving
shaft.
34. How does the number of teeth affect the design of gears?
- As the number of teeth decreases, a point is reached where there is interference
and the standard tooth profile requires modification.
- As the number of teeth increases, the pitch circle diameter and the size of the gear wheel also
increase, thus increasing the cost. Therefore the number of teeth on the pinion as well as on
the gear should be kept as small as possible.
9. Why is the crossed helical drive mostly not used for power transmission?
As the contact between the mating teeth of crossed helical gears is always a point,
these gears are suitable only for transmitting a small amount of power. That’s why
mostly these gears are not used for power transmission.
11.What is the difference between the herringbone gear and double helical gear?
-There is a groove between two helical gears in case of double helical gear. Double helical gears are cut on a
single gear blank
- While a gear without a groove is called herringbone gear. Herringbone gear is cut by two cutters.
12. List the applications of double helical and herringbone gears.
- Used in high power applications such as ship drives and turbines.
15. Where do we use skew helical gears? What are the applications of skew helical gears?
7. Pitch angle: It is the half of the cone angle subtended by a bevel gear at its apex.
8. Shaft angle: It is the sum of the pitch angles of pinion and gear of a bevel gear pair.
9. Tip angle: It is the angle between the axis of gear and the line passing through the top surface of tooth.
10. Root angle: It is the angle between the axis of gear and the line passing
through the root surface of tooth.
11. Cone distance or pitch cone radius: It is the length of the pitch cone element in bevel gears.
12. Face angle: It is the angle subtended by the face of the teeth at the cone
center. It is equal to the pitch angle plus addendum angle. It is also called tip angle.
3. What kind of contact occurred between worm and wheel? How does this differ from other gears?
In worm gear drive, sliding contact is occurred between the worm and wheel whereas other gears such as spur,
helical and bevel gears transmit power by rolling contact.
6. Pitch: Pitch of worm is the distance, measured axially, from a point on one tooth to the corresponding point on
an adjacent tooth.
7. Lead: Lead of the worm is defined as the distance, measured axially, between the corresponding points of
adjacent teeth for the same helix. Based on the number of
starts, lead can be varied from pitch.
Usually Lead = No. of starts x Pitch
8. What are the commonly used materials for worm and wheel?
Worm Material: Steel, case hardened steel, hardened molybdenum steel.
Wheel Material: Cast iron and phosphor bronze
9. Why is multistart worm more efficient than the single start one?
The efficiency of the worm depends mainly on pressure angle(also known as pitch angle of the worm). For a
single start worm this pressure angle will be less. In a
multistart worm, this pressure angle can be increased( of the order 45 degree). That’s
why multistart is more efficient.
11. When the number of start of a worm is increased in a worm gear drive, how it affects the other
parameters and action of the drive?
The increase in number of starts on the worm will increase the lead and lead angle of the worm. This results in
higher friction losses and hence the lower efficiency.
16. What are the forces acting in worm and worm wheel?.
- Tangential force on the worm
- Axial force on the worm
- Radial force on the worm.
20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of double enveloping worm gear drive?
Advantages
- The contact pressure between the threads of worm and the teeth of worm wheel is low. This reduces
wear.
- The drive occupies less space for a given capacity.
Disadvantage
- Requirement of precise alignment.
2. Why G.P. series is selected for arranging the speeds in gear box?
The speed loss is minimum.
The no. of gears to be employed is minimum. The layout is
comparatively very compact.
It provides a more even range of spindle speed at each step.