MTH 306 - Differential Geometry

Course Instructor: Hamza Shafiq

Govt. Graduate College Pasrur
January 24, 2024

Sheet 01
1. Prove that τ = 1
κ2
[r′ , r′′ , r′′′ ].

2. Prove that:

(i) r′′′ = κ′ n − κ2 t + κ τ b
(ii) r(iv) = (κ′′ − κ3 − κ τ 2 ) n + 2 κ′ τ b − 3 κ κ′ t
(iii) r′ · r′′ = 0
(iv) r′ · r′′′ = −κ2
(v) r′ · r(iv) = −3 κ κ′

3. Prove that for any curve t′ · b′ = −κ τ .

4. Prove that:

(i) b′′ = τ (κ t − τ b) − τ ′ n
(ii) n′′ = τ ′ b − (κ2 + τ 2 ) n − κ t
⇛ Also find b′′′ and n′′′ .

5. If the position vector of the current point is a function of any parameter u and dashes
denote differentiation with respect to u, then show that:

(i) r′ = s′ t
(ii) r′′ = s′′ t + κ s′2 n
(iii) r′′′ = (s′′′ − κ2 s′3 ) t + s′ (3 κ s′′ + κ′ s′ ) n + κ τ s′3 b
(iv) b = r ×r
′ ′′

κ s′3

(v) n = s′ r′′ −s′′ r′

κ s′3

(vi) κ2 = r s−s
′′2 ′′2
′4

1
 6. Let r = r(t) be a curve then prove that κ = |ṙ|ṡ|×3r̈| .
...
7. Let r = r(t) be a curve then prove that [r′ , r′′ , r′′′ ] = 1
ṡ6
[ṙ, r̈, r ].
...
8. Prove that a point on a curve r = r(t) with κ ̸= 0 then torsion is given by τ = [ṙ|,ṙr̈×,r̈|r2 ] .

9. Prove that [t′ , t′′ , t′′′ ] = [r′ , r′′ , r′′′ ] = κ3 (κ τ − κ′ τ ) = κ5 ds

d τ


κ
.

10. Prove that [b′ , b′′ , b′′′ ] = τ 3 [κ′ τ − κ τ ′ ] = κ5 ds d κ

τ
.

11. Prove that τ = 1

κ2 s′6
[r′ , r′′ , r′′′ ].

“Mathematicians are born, not made” (Jules Henri Poincaré).