Professional Documents
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COMPONENTS
❑HEART
❑BLOOD
❑BLOOD VESSELS
❑ARTERIES
❑VEINS
❑CAPILLARIES
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system carries two types of blood:
DEOXYGENATED OXYGENATED
HEART
❑VALVES – separates each atrium from the
ventricle so that blood cannot flow in
opposite direction.
ARTERIES
❑Large vessels
CAPILLARIES
VEINS
❑Once blood has passed through the capillary
system it must be returned to the heart.
BLOOD PRESSURE
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD:
BLOOD PLASMA
❑A pale yellowish liquid that is about 92% water and
the remaining 8% is made up of dissolved complex
mixture of various substances.
1. Proteins
SERUM ALBUMIN – maintaining osmotic balance
and in pH buffering
SERUM GLOBULIN – contains antibodies to help
in immunity
FIBRINOGEN – with the help of prothrombin,
plays important part in clotting of the blood.
ANTIBODIES/IMMUNOGLOBULINS – fighting
diseases,
BLOOD: COMPOSITION
BLOOD PLASMA
BLOOD PLATELETS
❑Also called thrombocytes
1. PULMONARY CIRCULATION
❑Transports oxygen-depleted blood from the heart
to the lungs. Its main function is to OXYGENATE
THE BLOOD.
2. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
❑Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the
organs and tissues.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Disease of the arteries that is associated
with cholesterol build up called plaque inside the
walls of the arteries. The plaque impedes the
blood flow that will lead to organs and tissues to
be deprived of oxygen and cannot function
normally. Extreme cases, may require amputation
if antibiotic therapy fails. Surgery such as
angioplasty and bypass graft surgery, can clear
clogged arteries. The best way to prevent this
disease is to avoid fats in diet, quit smoking,
control weight gain and exercise.
DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD VESSELS
STROKE
Disorder that results from blockage
brought by the hardening of arteries in the brain
or in the neck vessels leading to the brain.
1. THROMBOTIC STROKE – Blood clot fixed within a blood
vessels, called thrombus, block the passage of blood.
HEMOPHILIA
A genetic disorder where blood does not
clot properly resulting to bleeding. People with
this genetic condition are called hemophiliacs or
bleeders. It is transmitted by the mother through
the X chromosome and the male offspring is
mostly affected. The disease is caused by the lack
of one of the plasma proteins associated with
clotting.
Treatment of bleeding can be resolved by
the administration of antihemophilic factor (AHF),
which speeds up the clotting factor. But if too
much blood is lost, transfusion is necessary.
HEMOPHILIA
DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
ANEMIA
A condition wherein the red blood cell
count stays persistently low. It may also caused
by the decrease in number of hemoglobin in
RBC’s than normal, deficiency of normal
hemoglobin, or production of abnormal
hemoglobin. This will affect its ability to carry
oxygen to body tissues. Anemia results from
nutritional deficiencies, diseases or injuries with
blood cell formation and destruction, loss of
blood or hereditary such as sickle-cell anemia.
Iron-deficiency anemia can be treated with
iron supplements and iron-rich foods. Pernicious
anemia can be treated with folic acid supplements
DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD
LEUKEMIA
A disorder characterized by an abnormal
increase in the number of white blood cells and is
consider as the MOST DANGEROUS BLOOD
DISORDERS. In acute leukemia, the marrow
produces monster-sized, cancer looking white
blood cells. They crowd out other red blood cells
and blood platelets, giving them only a little
space to grow. Modern treatment include
radiation and drugs which help wipe out
malignant cells.