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IMPACT OF MEASLES AMONG CHILDREEN LESS THEN FIVE YEARS ATTENDING

KAARAAN HEALTH CENTER MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

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 FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY

COMMUNITY SURVEY

IMPACT OF MEASLES AMONG CHILDREEN LESS THEN FIVE YEARS

ATTENDING KAARAAN HEALTH CENTER MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

CANDIDATES
Names ID
Ilyas Mohamed Omar M0600158
Zakariye Mohamed Ahmed M0600201
Mowlid Ibrahim Mahamud M0600186

A COMMUNITY SURVEY REQUIRED FOR THE COMPLETION OF

COMMUNITY MEDICINE ROTATION

SUPERVISOR

Dr.Liban Hassan Mohamoud

JULY. 2021

I
 DEDICATION
We dedicate our humble work first and foremost whole heartedly to our beloved parents who were
the source of inspiration and continually provided uswith their moral, spiritual, intellectual and
financial support.
Secondly we dedicate our work to our honorable supervisor Dr.Liban Hassan Mohamoud for his
continuous guidance and support.
Thirdly to the administration and teachers of our Jazeera University that enabled us to do this
research.
Fourthly to our brothers, sisters, friends and classmates that shared with us an advice and
encouragement to do this study.
And lastly to the participants who wish to take part in our research.

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost praises and thanks to the super power the Almighty God for his showers of
blessings throughout our survey. Without his grace this project could not become reality. We are
extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for educating and
preparing us for future. We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our beloved
Jazeera University for their constant endeavor to achieve their motto on reality which is “TEACH
ME GOODNESS, DISCIPLINE AND KNOWLEDGE” and also we are speechless to express our
grateful to faculty of Medicine and Surgery specially Dr. Lul Mohamud Mohamed and academic
research in Jazeera University for their patience, motivation, encouragement, insightful comments
and helps us to express our knowledge on real life. Finally we sincerely thanks to all who
participate in this survey which made it possible such as staff of health centers those who
welcomed us warmly and downed us in their advices and knowledge. We have no valuable words
to express our thanks, but our heart is still full of the favors received from every one.

III
 List of Abbreviations

WHO - World Health Organization

ORV - outbreak response vaccination
PAHO - Pan American Health Organization
MSF - Médecins SansFrontières
NGO - non-governmental organization
RNA - ribonucleic acid
AIDS - Acquire immunodeficiency Syndrome
CRS - congenital rubella syndrome
MDG4 - Millennium Development Goal4
CFR - case fatality rate
PEM - Protein energy malnutrition
CMI - Cell Mediated Immunity

IV
C ontents
DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................................. II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. III
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... IV
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.0: Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1: Background of the study ................................................................................................................... 8
1.2: Statement of the problem .............................................................................................................. 10
1.3: Objectives of the study ................................................................................................................... 11
1.3.1: general objectives ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.3.2: specific objectives ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.4:Research Questions .......................................................................................................................... 11
1.5:Justification of the study ................................................................................................................... 11
1.6: Scope of the study ........................................................................................................................... 12
Time Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Scope of Geographical area ................................................................................................................ 12
C)Contents of scope: ........................................................................................................................... 12
1.7:Definitions Operational key terms .................................................................................................... 12
1.8 conceptual frame work ..................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 14
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.0: Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1: Research Design ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Target population.............................................................................................................................. 14
3.3: Study Area ........................................................................................................................................ 14
3.4: Study period ................................................................................................................................... 15
3.5: Inclusion and Exclusion .................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1: Inclusion Criteria ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.2: Exclusion criteria: ...................................................................................................................... 16
3.6: Sample size determination .............................................................................................................. 16

5
 3.7: Sample procedure ............................................................................................................................ 16
3.9: Data Collection procedure ............................................................................................................... 16
3.9: Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.11: Ethical Considerations.................................................................................................................... 17
3.12: Research limitations....................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................................... 18
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION ......................................................................................................... 18
4.0: Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1: Respondents by gender of baby ...................................................................................................... 18
4.2: Respondents by age of the mother ................................................................................................. 18
4.3: Respondents by marital status ....................................................................................................... 19
4.4: Educational level of the Respondents................................................................................................ 19
4.5: Occupation of the respondents ....................................................................................................... 20
4.6: number of children less than five years........................................................................................... 20
4.7: you knowledge what mean measles ................................................................................................ 21
4.8: source of information ...................................................................................................................... 21
4.9: suffered from measles ..................................................................................................................... 22
4.10: signs and symptoms of measles .................................................................................................... 22
4.11: is measles one of transmissible diseases ....................................................................................... 23
4.12: belief about measles vaccination................................................................................................... 23
4.13: measles is a common disease in Somalia ...................................................................................... 24
4.14: do belief measles can be prevented? ............................................................................................ 25
4.15: do belief measles can be treated? ................................................................................................. 25
4.17: what are the complications of measles ......................................................................................... 26
4.18: do belief measles has long term complications ............................................................................. 27
4.18listing long term complication ......................................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................................. 29
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 29
5.0: introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2: Discussion ........................................................................................................................................ 29
5.2: Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 30
5.2: Recommendation............................................................................................................................. 30

6
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 31
Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................................. 33

7
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.0: Introduction
This Background of The study, Problem of statement, Purpose of the study, research objectives,
Research Questions, Scope of the study, Significance of study, Definition of terms.

1.1: Background of the study

Measles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genusMorbillivirus.
Measles is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105°F) and malaise, cough, coryza,
and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles is a highly contagious and
infectious disease (WHO, 2007).
It remains the fifth leading cause of death among children less than five years of age in many sub
Saharan African countries Measles is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable disease death
worldwide causing 282,000 deaths in Africa in 2003. Despite a safe, effective and inexpensive
vaccine, national childhood immunization program coverage has remained low in many African
countries. As a result, countries with low coverage continue to face recurrent measles epidemics.
The current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for responding to measles
epidemics in urban areas focus on case management rather than outbreak response vaccination
(ORV).
This is because the latter is generally thought to occur too late to have an impact on morbidity and
mortality; instead, the associated cost of mortality prevention may be more effective if spent on
post infection health care Measles virus infection is one of the most important infectious diseases
of humans and has caused millions of deaths since its emergence as a zoonotic infection thousands
of years ago.
Prior to the development and widespread use of measles vaccines, measles was estimated to cause
between five and eight million deaths annually. In 1989 and 1990, respectively, the World Health
Assembly and the World Summit for Children set specific goals for the reduction in measles
morbidity by 90% and of measles mortality by 95%, as major milestones towards measles
eradication in the long-term. Measles elimination is considered technically feasible because:
current vaccines are sufficiently efficacious; measles is primarily a disease of man—there is no

8
non-human reservoir; there is no carrier state and very few symptom-free cases; and measles
immunity acquired by vaccination or natural disease is of very long, possibly life-long, duration.
Strategies currently recommended by WHO to achieve measles elimination include: routine
vaccination coverage of 95% or more, with one dose of measles vaccine administered at 9 months
of age to immunize most children; implementation of a national catch-up measles vaccination
campaign in children aged 9 months to 14 years with coverage of 90% or more, to reduce the
residual number of susceptible children; implementation of periodic national follow-up measles
campaigns in children aged 9 months to 59 months with coverage of 90% or more, and frequency
every 3–4 years depending upon the rate of accumulation of new susceptible children in the
population; and the establishment of case-based measles surveillance with laboratory confirmation
to monitor and assess impact. Since the 1960s, public health officials have been intrigued with the
potential to eradicate measles through vaccination. Three major factors suggest the scientific
feasibility of eradicating an infectious disease: (1) humans are essential to maintain transmission,
(2) accurate methods are available to diagnose cases, and (3) effective interventions exist.
Although measles can be transmitted among nonhuman primates in captivity, the preponderance
of data supports human- to-human transmission as essential for maintaining the virus.
Despite tremendous achievements towards global measles mortality reduction and measles
elimination goals, globally, in 2010, there were 327,305 measles cases reported and an estimated
139,300 measles deaths (i.e., approximately 380 deaths/day).35, 36 During 2009–2010, measles
outbreaks were reported in Europe, Africa and Asia.37–43 In 2010–2011, Western Europe saw a
rise in measles cases with at least 33 countries reporting more than 68,743 measles cases, resulting
in importations into the Americas.44–49 In countries where measles has been eliminated, cases
imported from other countries remain an important source of infection.

In the Americas, under the leadership of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO),
Ministries of Health have implemented an aggressive measles elimination program. In 2004,
scientific evidence suggested that endemic transmission of measles virus in the Americas was
interrupted for ≥12 months in 2002.The Region of the Americas is in the process of verifying
elimination of measles or maintenance of elimination in every country in the Region.

Important measures are underway to achieve measles elimination in Europe, the Eastern
Mediterranean, and the Western Pacific regions by 2015, and the African region by 2020.
Achieving these elimination goals will have direct benefits in the United States.

9
(Outbreak preparedness and response is one of the five core strategies in the 2012–2020 WHO
strategic plan for global measles and rubella)
In Africa before the introduction of measles vaccination, measles was primarily a disease affecting
young children, and >1 million cases were reported annually . In urban areas, measles epidemics
occurred every 1–2 years, and the median age of cases was 1.5–2.5 years; in rural areas, outbreaks
occurred less frequently, and the median age was 2.5–5.0 years. The first major measles control
program in Africa started in 1965. This program included 20 countries as part of the Smallpox
Eradication and Measles Control Program and led to elimination of endemic measles virus
circulation in the Gambia . During the 1970s and 1980s, measles vaccination through routine
vaccination services was established in all African countries through the World Health
Organization (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization .The introduction of measles
vaccination throughout the region led to longer inter epidemic periods and a shift in the age
distribution of remaining cases toward older children; however, measles continued to be primarily
a childhood disease . As of 2009, measles vaccine was widely used throughout Africa, and measles
incidence was at an historic low. However, outbreaks continue to occur, and case fatality rates
among young children can be as high as 5%–10% during outbreaks . With an estimated 28,000
measles-related deaths still occurring each year , measles remains a major public health problem
in Africa.|(who report in 2009).
In somalia many studies measles has been recorded is epidemic.

1.2: Statement of the problem

This time, the outbreak is measles – a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to pneumonia,
diarrhoea, encephalitis which causes brain swelling, and blindness. Since September, 419 measles
cases have been officially recorded, 302 of which are children under five. In Somalia, measles is
a major cause of death among children – but it can be effectively prevented with a simple vaccine.

In Somalia measles is sweeping unchecked through parts of southern Somalia. The disease is
highly contagious and unvaccinated children are at great risk, especially if they are also
malnourished. The war in southern Somalia is a key factor contributing to ongoing widespread,
low vaccination coverage, and lack of access to health care services. All of these factors aggravate
the spread and severity of diseases like measles.

10
In some Doctors without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) programs, the number of
measles cases has sharply increased in recent days and weeks. Many patients arrive in severe
condition.

Left untreated, measles is often deadly, especially for young children, but with adequate medical
care most survive. Unfortunately, lack of awareness and insecurity are probably preventing many
others from getting treated. Measles is easily and cheaply prevented with vaccination, but
vaccination coverage is very low in most parts of Somalia. Logistical and security challenges are
not the only reason for this. MSF still awaits permission from authorities in several locations to
conduct measles vaccination campaigns. If permission is granted, vaccination would become a
high priority for MSF and would prevent numerous unnecessary deaths.MSF remains steadfastly
dedicated to providing medical and humanitarian assistance to Somalis inside and outside Somalia.
From May to December 2011MSF treated more than 6,000 and vaccinated nearly 235000 children
against measles. In its various health care structures, MSF provided almost 540,000 medical
consultations. (MSF report in somalia 2011)

1.3: Objectives of the study

1.3.1: general objectives
The main purpose of the study is to identify the impacts of measles in under five children in karan
district.
1.3.2: specific objectives
 To identify the level of knowledge of measles in under five children who attending karan
health center.
 To identify effects and impacts of measles in under five children in karan health center.
 To determine the risk factors of measles in under five years children in karan health center.

1.4:Research Questions
 What is the level of knowledge of measles in under five children in karan health center?
 What are the effects and impacts of measles in under five children in karan health center?
 What are the risk factors of measles in under five years children in karan health center?

1.5:Justification of the study

This study provide useful information for about the impacts of measles in under five children in
karan district and the best way that we can prevent the recurrence of the disease, the data from this

11
study may be useful to policy makers and implementers involving health programs like
government and NGOS..
The study may also stimulate and encourage further research and inquiry into the impacts of
measles in under five children.

1.6: Scope of the study

Scope has three dimensions those are time, Geography and content of scope
Time Scope
This study will be on literature review period between May 2021 to July 2021.
Scope of Geographical area
The study will be conducted at karaan health center in mogadisho Somalia.

C)Contents of scope:
The study will focus on the impact of measles amoung children less then five year attending
in karan health center Mogadishu Somalia.

1.7:Definitions Operational key terms

Smallpox- called distinguish the disease from syphilis the great pox (pox being the plural pock)
and also known as variola (from virus, the Latin for simple)
It is an acute highly infectious disease due to virus
VIRUS -the term applied to group of infective agents which are so small that they are able to pass
through the pores of collodion filters. They are responsible for some of the most devastating
diseases affect in man.
Paramyxovirus -is one of paramyxoviridae family, and it is an single stranded RNA virus.
RNA -is the abbreviation ribonucleic acid, one of two types of nucleic acid that exist in the nature

Macupapular-skin rash that is made up of muscles (discoloration of the skin)

Erthematous- is redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of
the skin
Morbilli-and other name of measles
Morbillivirus- are the group of viruses which include those responsible for measles, canine
distemper and rinderpest (a plug affecting cattle)
Measles- also known as morbilli is an acute infectious disease occurring mostly in children by an
by RNA paramyxovirus. The name of measles, comes the TEUTONIC ROOT

12
 Rubeola -means measles
Rubella- means German measles an acute infectious disease of a mild type, which may sometimes
be difficult to differentiate from mild forms of measles and scarlet fever.
Mumps -common virus infection mainly affecting school age children

1.8 conceptual frame work

Independent variables Dependent variables

Socio-demographic factor:
 Age
 Malnutrition
 Lack Immunization
 Maternal immunity
Measles among children less than
Impact of measles: five years attending Karaan health
 Blindness center
 Encephalitis
 Diarrhea
 Pneumonia
Figure: Conceptual
 Otitis media frame work
 Pyogenic infection of
skin
Level of knowledge:
 Lack of awareness by
care givers

13
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0: Introduction
This chapter deals with the methodology of research which is the process of collecting date for the
purpose of research project.

3.1: Research Design

The study design used is cross sectional study because; the cross sectional study is in depth
investigation of an individual, group, institution or phenomena. The cross sectional helps the
researcher to study multiple entities in depth in order to gain insight into the larger case and to
describe and explain rather than predict a phenomenon. This design is appropriate for rich
understanding of community effect of impact of measles in children under five years

3.2 Target population

During data collection, the researcher was targeted all parents who have under 5 years childs
visiting in Karaan health center. These groups were regarded as the target population for this
type of study.

3.3: Study Area

Somalia lies in the easternmost part of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya
to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and
Ethiopia to the west. It has the longest coastline on the continent, and its terrain consists mainly of
plateaus, plains and highlands. Hot conditions prevail year-round, along with periodic Monsoon
winds and irregular rainfall. In antiquity, Somalia was an important centre for commerce with the
rest of the ancient world, and according to most scholars, it is among the most probable locations
of the fabled ancient Land of Punt while southern Somalia became a trusteeship. In 1960, the two
regions were united to form an independent Somali Republic under a civilian government.
Mohamed Siad Barre seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic. In
1991, Barre's government collapsed as the Somali Civil War broke out.

14
Population: 9,925,640(July 2011 estimate)
Note: This estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government;
population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee
movements in response to farming and clan warfare.
The religion is Slam Sunni Muslim.

Until the collapse of the military government in 1991, the organizational and administrative
structure of Somalia's healthcare sector was overseen by the Ministry of Health. Regional medical
officials enjoyed some authority, but healthcare was largely centralized. The socialist government
of former President of Somalia SiadBarre had put an end to private medical practice in 1972. Much
of the national budget was devoted to military expenditure, leaving few resources for healthcare,
among other services.

Mogadishu (formally known as Xamar), is the largest city and capital of Somalia. Located in the
coastal Banadir region on the Indian Ocean, the city has served as an important sea port for
centuries. Mogadishu has a total population of 2 million.

Heliwa district in one of the most frequent an ancient district in Banadir province and it is one of
the sixteen district of Banadir region and geographical it lies in the north part of side of Mogadishu
city. The landscape is quite high quite ground and little but plateau with abundant of mass sand. It
is bounded by Indian Ocean at east; it also borders along the Karan district at north word, it has
close contact with the old and ancient district of yaqshid and it is the largest district of city at west
word and balcad at south.
The climate is tropical is tropical: that is a cold and rain in spring, but it improper for very
satisfactory agriculture production. It is very hot and temperature quit up in the winter, but in
summer and autumn wind below slowly cooling the environment of night and there is slight rainfall
in district. The district has three main roads: Bal’ad road, Factories road, SOS road. Main villages
of the district: Waharadde, Sos, Aladdala, Barwaqo and Animal market (suqaholaha). The main
streets of the district include EX-control and Waharadde roads and main features of district include:
Daryel and Dayahs markets, SOS and Ablaal primary and secondary schools.
3.4: Study period
This study was conducted from june to july 2021

15
3.5: Inclusion and Exclusion
3.5.1: Inclusion Criteria
All caregivers who come to karan health center and are capable of responding to the research
questionnaire and have children under 5 years are included in the study population.

3.5.2: Exclusion criteria:

Non attendances of karan helath center are excluded from the study, also those who attend karan
health center and are not able to respond to the research questionnaire due to age or psychological
problems and also don’t have children are excluded from the study.

3.6: Sample size determination

The sample size was calculated using slovens formula
n =N/(1+Ne2) n =number of samples
N =total population e =error margin=0.05
n= N = 124/1+(124×0.0025)= 124/1.31=94.65 ͌ = 95
1+(NE²)
ADD 10% OF NON RESPONSE RATE ( 95/0.9)=105
Therefore the sample size in our study was 105 participants

3.7: Sample procedure

During sampling, consecutive consenting convenience sampling was used to selected participants
from the target population. In this type of sampling, the researcher is the one to decide who
participates the study and who was and the target population was not have equal chance to
participate the study.
3.8 Research instrument
We used interview based structured questionnaire to collect desired data on impact of measles
among childreen less then five years attending kaaraan health center An interviewer-
administered structured questionnaire will be used to collect from pregnant women visit the
antenatal clinic in health center. The questions were developed by the researchers as a structured
questionnaire which will be close and open ended. It was filled by researchers whileinterviewing
the study participants who fulfilled the criteria.

3.9: Data Collection procedure

The research instrument is questionnaire. This refers to the collection of the items to which the
respondents was required to fill in the question asked by the researcher. The instrument is for
16
doctors, employees. The questionnaire was easy to analyze since was in an immediate usable form,
they was easier to administer because each item is filled by alternative answers.

3.9: Data Analysis

The research put into the use both traditional and modern technologies methods of data analysis;
Statistical packages Particularly Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) will be used in the
methods of a descriptive statistics of drawing the frequencies and valid percentage.
3.10: Quality control
3.10.1 Validity
This study use questionnaire as instrument for data collection, the questionnaires was ensure to
have all variable necessary to assess prevalence and associated factors of UTI among pregnant
women.
3.10.2 Reliability
To ensure the reliability of the questionnaire a pretest study was employed prior to the actual
collection to 10 participants from the actual population and data was collect by the researchers.

3.11: Ethical Considerations

A. Every respondent was asked about permission to complete the questionnaire.
B. Good explanation of the questionnaire was given to the respondents before requesting to
fill the questionnaire.
C. Privacy and confidentiality was maintained by keeping the respondents nameless.
D. Choice/freedom to participate the study or not was given to every respondent.

3.12: Research limitations

During the study of this thesis we have been met the following limitation that restricted our
research:
1. Poor financial
2. Inadequate information regarding the research topic from the aforementioned district due to
security context.

17
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.0: Introduction
This chapter analysis and presents data obtained from respondents the data were presented in charts
and table. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software especially version16, the results are
present in text forms, charts, as follows:
4.1: Respondents by gender of baby
Figure 4.1 shows that 61% (64) of the respondents were male and 39 %( 41) of the respondents
were female

Figure 4.1: respondents by gender

4.2: Respondents by age of the mother

Table 4.1 Respondents by age of the mother
Description Frequency Percent%

< 20 53 50.5
21 up to 30 28 26.7
31 up to 40 19 18.1
41 up to 50 5 4.8
Total 105 100.0

18
Table 4.1 shows that majority of respondents 53(50.5%) were in the age group of <20 years old
followed by 28(26.6%) were in the age group of 21 up to 30, those aged between 31-40 years
old were 19(18.1%) and the rest 5(4.8%) aged between 41-50 years old.

4.3: Respondents by marital status

Figure 4.2 reveals that the mostly of the respondents were married 74.3% (78), 14 %( 15) were
single, 11.4%(11) were divorced.

Figure 4.3: marital status of respondents

4.4: Educational level of the Respondents

Figure 4.3 shows that the highest number of the educational level of the respondents: 38%(40)
were informally educated, 18.1%(19) were non-educated, 29.5%(31) were secondary level
4.8(5%) university level , and 9.5%(10) were primary level.

19
Figure 4.4: Educational level of the respondents
4.5: Occupation of the respondents
Figure 4.4 reveals that the majority of the respondents were unemployed 79(75.2%), and those of
employed were 26(24.85).

Figure 4.5: occupation

4.6: number of children less than five years

Table 4.6: number of children less than five years

Number of children<5 years Frequency Percent

1 31 29.5
2 37 35.2
3 17 16.2
4 6 5.7
5 7 6.7
6 7 6.7
Total 105 100.0

20
This table above shows that the majority of children that less than five years old of the respondents
living in the house were 2 children that represents 37(29.5%).
Those have 6 and 7 children were the least respondents 7(6.7%).

4.7: you knowledge what mean measles

Figure 4.5shows that the majority of the respondents 85.7% (90) said yes while the remaining
14.3%(15) said no

Figure 4.7: knowledge about mean measles

4.8: source of information

Table 4.8: Respondents by if yes what is your source of information

source information Frequency Percen

t
Health centers 60 57.1
relative friend suffering from measles 40 38.1
Radio 5 4.8
Total 105 100.0

21
Table 4.8shows The highest number of respondents 60(57.1%) said their source of information for
measles got from health centers, where some respondents 40(38.1%) said they got this information
about measles from relative friends suffering from measles, while 5(4.8%) said their information
from radio.

4.9: suffered from measles

Figure 4.9 reveals that majority of respondents 95(90.5%) said yes while the remaining of
respondents 10(9.5%) said no.

Figure 4.9: sufferingfrom measles

4.10: signs and symptoms of measles
table4.10: signs and symptoms of measles

sign and symptoms of Frequency Percen

measles t
fever and cough 32 30.5
red eye and runny 25 23.8
nose
skin rash 35 33.3
all above 13 12.4
Total 105 100.0
Table 4.10 shows the majority of respondents 35(33.3%) said that her baby had skin rash,
32(30.5%) of children developed fever and cough, 25(23%) had red eyes and runny nose while
13(12.4%) had all above.

22
4.11: is measles one of transmissible diseases
Figure 4.9 shows that majority of respondents 88(83.3%) said yes and the rest 16(15.2%) said no

Figure: 4.11: is measles one of transmissible diseases

4.12: belief about measles vaccination

Figure 4.10 shows the majority of the respondents 89(83.8%) said good prevention while the rest
16(15.2%) said harmful.

23
Figure 4.12: belief about measles vaccination

4.13: measles is a common disease in Somalia

Table 4.13: measles is a common disease in Somalia

measles is a common disease in Somalia Frequency Percen

t
1=Yes 93 88.6
2=No 12 11.4
Total 105 100.0

This table shows The majority of the respondents 93(86.6%) said yes and the rest of respondents
12(11.4%) said no

24
4.14: do belief measles can be prevented?

Figure 4.13 reveals the majority of the respondents 92(87.6%) said yes while others 13(17.4%)
said no

4.15: do belief measles can be treated?

Table: 4.15: do belief measles can be treated?

Frequency Percen
t
1=Yes 85 81.0
2=No 20 19.0
Total 105 100.0
This table shows the majority of respondents 85(81%) said yes while the rest 20(19%) said no

4.16: do you belief that measles has complications

Figure below c

25
Figure 4.15: do you belief that measles has complications

4.17: what are the complications of measles

If yes what are compliction of measles

Frequency Valid Percent

Blinds 71 79.8
respiratory problem 18 20.2

Total 89 100.0
Misusing System 16
Total 105

This table The highest respondents 71(62%) of total 89 respondents said the major complication
of measles is blindness while 18(20.2%) of total 89 respondents said the complication is respiratory
problem.

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4.18: do belief measles has long term complications

Frequency Percen
t
Yes 89 100
Missing 16

Figure 4.17 shows all of the respondents 89(100%) said yes

Figure 4.17 do belief measles has long term complications

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4.18listing long term complication
Listing long Frequency Percent
term complication
Blindness 80 76.2
Poor
19 18.1
Performance
Malnutration 6 5.7
Total 105 100.0

4.18: if yes what they are

Figure 4.17 shows that the majority of respondents80( 76.2%) said blindness, 19( 18.1) said
malnutrition and 6(5.7% said poor performance in school.
Figure 4.17:if yes what they are

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 CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0: introduction
Chapter five provides discussion, conclusions of the findings of the study this also provides
recommendations that follows.

5.2: Discussion
Regarding to the sex, 61% (64) of the respondents were male and 39 %( 41) of the respondents
were female. According to the age of mothers majority of respondents 53(50.5%) were in the age
group of <20 years old followed by 28(26.6%) were in the age group of 21 up to 30, those aged
between 31-40 years old were 19(18.1%) and the rest 5(4.8%) aged between 41-50 years old.
According to marital status, the data shows reveals that the mostly of the respondents were married
74.3% (78), 14 %( 15) were single, 11.4 %( 11) were divorced.
When we see the education level of the respondents we found that the mostly of the respondents
were married 74.3% (78), 14 %( 15) were single, 11.4 %( 11) were divorced.
The majority of the respondents were unemployed 79(75.2%), and those of employed were
26(24.85).
Regarding to the age of children the majority of children that less than five years old of the
respondents living in the house were 2 children that represents 37(29.5%).
Those have 6 and 7 children were the least respondents 7(6.7%).
When we asked the mothers About their knowledge of measles ,the majority of the respondents
85.7% (90) said yes while the remaining 14.3%(15) said no and the highest number of respondents
60(57.1%) said their source of information for measles got from health centers, where some
respondents 40(38.1%) said they got this information about measles from relative friends suffering
from measles, while 5(4.8%) said their information from radio.
Majority of respondents 95(90.5%) had suffered from measles while the remaining of respondents
10(9.5%) did not.
The majority of babies 35(33.3%) had skin rash, 32(30.5%) of children developed fever and cough,
25(23%) had red eyes and runny nose while 13(12.4%) had all above.
Majority of respondents 88(83.3%) know that measles is transmissible and the rest 16(15.2%) do
not know.

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The majority of the respondents 89(83.8%) belief the vaccination is good prevention while the rest
16(15.2%) said it is harmful.
The majority of the respondents 93(86.6%) know that measles is common in Somalia and the rest
of respondents 12(11.4%) do not know it. According to the treatment majority of respondents
85(81%) said that it is treatable while the rest 20(19%) said it is not treatable.
According to their knowledge of complication of measles majority of respondents 85(81%) have
knowledge to it while the rest 20(19%) do not have.

5.2: Conclusion

Most of children (90.5%) had suffered from measles , knowledge of the mothers of measles is high
and most did not utilize the vaccine
5.2: Recommendation
 We advise the mothers of the children about breast feeding and to give the children
Measles vaccine if available.
 We recommend the children to eat protein rich foods such as animal meat, fish and egg if
available.
 We suggests for the caregivers of the children to visit MCH to complete vaccine during 9
months.
 We advise mothers if any children who get skin rash from the body must be taken to
hospital for consultation.
 The researchers recommend the Mother don’t go traditional healers when she met
Measles in her children and don’t refuse their children Measles vaccine.

30
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2005 by DejeneHailu, AbrhamAlano, Abebe G/Mariam, TesfayeAbicho

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/

Questionnaire
Section (A): SOCIO -DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
1. Gender of baby
 Male ( )
 Female ( )
2. Age of caregiver
 Less than 20 years ( )
 21-30 years ( )
 31-40 years ( )
 41-50 years ( )
3. Age of children
 At birth – 12 months ( )
 13 – 24 months ( )
 25 – 36 months ( )
 37 – 48 months ( )
 49 – 59 months ( )
4. How many numbers of childs less tham five years in the home
 One child ( )
 Two child ( )
 Three child ( )
 Four child ( )
 Five child ( )
 Six child ( )
5. Marital status
 Single ( )
 Married ( )
 Divorced

33
  Widow
6. Level of education
 primary( )
 secondary ( )
 university( )
 informal ( )
7. 0ccupation
 Health staff ( doctor, nurse, auxiliary nurse, lab technician)
 Student
 Housewife
 Business
 Unemployed
 If other , specify

Section (B): subject knowledge

8. Do you know what mean measles?
 Yes( )
 No( )
9. if yes what is your source of information?
 Health show
 Internet
 Relative friend suffering from measles
 Radio
10. Have you ever suffered from measles?
 Yes ( ) No( )
11. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of measles?
 Fever and cough
 Red eyes and runny nose
 Skin rash
 All above
12. Is measles, one of transmissible disease?

34
 Yes( ) No ( )
13. What do you believe about measles vaccination?
 Good prevention
 Harmful
14. Do you believe measles is a common disease in Somali?
Yes ( ) No ( )
15. Do you believe measles can be prevented?
 Yes( )
 No( )
16. Do you believe measles can be treated?
 Yes( )
 No( )
17. Do you believe that measles has Complications?
 Yes ( )
 No( )
18. iF yes what are the Complications of measles?
 Blindness
 Respiratory problems
 Died
 None of them
19. Do you believe measles has long term Complications?
 Yes ( )
 No ( )
20. iF yes what are they?
 Poor performance in school
 Blindness
 malnutrition
Thanks for your help

35

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