Project Guide By :- Presented By :-

MR. VISHAL SAXENA ANUBHA YADAV

H.O.D. Physics Class - XIIth Sci. - A

Session - 2019-2020
 Certificate
This is to certify that Physics project

study of A.C. Dynamo with the help of Circuit

diagram the help of circuit diagram by

Anubha Yadav is carried out under supervision

of Mr. Vishal Saxena, H.O.D. Physics.

This project work is submitted for

physics practical 2019-2020.

____________ ____________ ____________

Mrs. Rupali Bhatnagar Mr. Vishal Saxena

Principal External Teacher H.O.D. Physics

Session - 2019-2020
 Acknowledgement

I am highly indebted to my Physics

teacher Mr. Vishal Saxena forgiving me such
interesting project fill to work on it. He has always
provided us with all possible help without any
sympathetic attitude criticies and take it's final
shape. I convey my special thanks to my physics
teacher. I also convey my special regards, My
appreciations of help and my deep sense of
gratitude to my Principal Mrs. Rupali Bhatnagar
for this project deals with some extends my
appreciation to all those who helped me to
complete this Project file.
This project cover information about the
A.C. dynamo would also like to thank all those
who helped me in preparation of this project
directly or indirectly.

Session - 2019-2020
 - ANUBHA YADAV

Session - 2019-2020
 Apparatus Requirement

 Principle

 Working

 Bibliography

Session - 2019-2020
 Apparatus Requirements

 Big Wheel

 Pully Dynamo

 LED

 Bulb

 Stand

 Connecting Wire

 Hard Board

Session - 2019-2020
 Principle
It is based on the principle of the

electro magnetic induction. When coil is

rotated about an axis perpendicular to the

direction of uniform magnetic field an induced

any produce across it.

Session - 2019-2020
 -: CONSTRUCTION :-

The A.C. Dynamo consists of the following parts :

ARMATURE :
A rectangular coil ABCD consisting of a large
number of turns of copper wire wound over a soft iron core is
called the armature. The soft iron core is used to increase the
magnetic flux.
FIELD MAGNET :
It is usually a strong permanent magnet having
concave poles. The armature is rotated between the two poles
of magnet, so that axis of the armature is perpendicular to
magnetic field lines.
SLIP RINGS :
The leads from the arms of the armature are
connected to the two rings R 1 and R2 separately. These rings
help to provide movable contact and for this reason, they are
called slip rings. As the armature and hence the leads rotate
about the central axis.
BRUSHES :
The flexible metallic pieces B1 and B2, called
brushes, are used to pass on the current from armature to the
slip rings across which the external load resistance R L is
connected. As the slip rings rotate, the brushes provide
movable contact by keeping themselves pressed against the
rings.
Session - 2019-2020
 Working
The wheel is rotated with the handle
then the dynamo rotate and due to that e.m.f.
is setup inside the dynamo which produces the
induced current and the output supply can be
obtained by LED or Bulb.
The dir of induced current can be
determine by Fleming's right hand rule. It
states that if the thumb, forefinger and the
central finger of the right hand are kept
perpendicular to each other, so that the fore
fingers points in the dir, of the field and the
thumb in the direction of motion of the
conductor, then the induced current flows in
the dir of the central finger.

Session - 2019-2020
EXPRESSION FOR INSTANTANEOUS E.M.F. PRODUCED :
Figure shows the coil (armature) of the a.c.
generator consisting of n turns and placed in uniform
magnetic field B, such that its axis of rotation is perpendicular
to the direction of the field. Initially, at t=0, the coil is vertical
with arm AB up and CD down.
Figure shows the position of the coil at any time t
i.e. its plane makes an angle 0 with the vertical. If w is uniform
angular speed of the coil, then
= wt
In the position of the coil, the component of the
field normal to the plane of the coil is B cos . If A is area of
the coil and n, the number of turns in the coil, then magnetic
flux linked with the coil in this position is given by
 = n B cos  (A) = n B A cos 0
Or  = n B A cos wt
The effect of number of turns n in the coil is to
increase the magnetic flux linked with the coil to n times.
Differentiating both sides of the equation w.r.t.
time, we get
ddt = d/dt (n B A cos wt) = n B A d/dt (cos wt) = n B A (- sin wt)
(w)
= -n B A w sin wt

If e is the instantaneous induced e.m.f. produced in the coil,

then
e = - d/dt = -(-n B A w sin wt)
or e = -n B A w sin wt

The equation gives the instantaneous induced e.m.f.

produced in the coil. It follows that n B A w is the maximum
value of the e.m.f., say eo. Therefore, the equation becomes
e = e0 sin wt

Session - 2019-2020
Session - 2019-2020
Session - 2019-2020
Practical Physics XII

Mordern ABC XII

Laboratory Manual XII

Pradeep Fundamental XII

All those who indebted me by their

valuable support in bringing out this
project.

Session - 2019-2020