Data base

A database is an organized collection of data that can be accessed and

manipulated by a software system called a database management system
(DBMS) 1. A database can store various types of data, such as numbers, text,
images, audio, video, etc. A database can also have different structures, such
as tables, graphs, documents, etc., depending on the data model it follows.
The history of databases dates back to ancient times, when humans used
various methods to record and manage information, such as writing on clay
tablets, papyrus, scrolls, books, etc23. The first computerized databases
emerged in the 1960s, when the use of computers became more affordable
and efficient for storing and processing large amounts of data 14. Some of the
early database models were network, hierarchical, and relational, each with
its own advantages and disadvantages.
The relational model, proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970, became the most
dominant and influential database model, as it separated the logical
organization of data from the physical storage, and used a standard query
language called SQL to access and manipulate data 1. Relational databases
are still widely used today, along with other types of databases, such as
NoSQL, which emerged in the 2000s to handle more complex and diverse
data, such as web, social media, and big data 1.
Databases have evolved over time to provide different services and solutions
for various domains and applications, such as business, science, education,
health, entertainment, etc. Databases are essential for storing, managing, and
analyzing data, and for supporting decision making, knowledge discovery,
and innovation.