1.

In analyzing text when you use this approach "Readers from

different generations and different time periods interpret texts
differently" it means that you use............... for your approach"

Jawaban :

Critical Approach

2. Please explain the characteristics of fictional text!

Jawaban :

Fiction is any narrative work in which events that occur are imaginary.
Anything that fits the parameter definition can generally be a work of
fiction, regardless of format or genre. Characteristics of fiction vary,
depending on personal opinion, but elements that different people
commonly list are characters, plot, and point of view. Setting, style
and theme are additional features of fiction. More detailed
explanation as below:

- A character is a figure in a story who can take on a big or small

role. Characterization, the method used to show who a character
is, reveals himself whether static or flat, or dynamic or round.
- Plot in fiction is the actions, or sequence of events, that make up
the story; The main elements of a typical plot are conflict, climax
and resolution.
- Point of view refers to how the author tells the story and from
whose point of view. For example, a story might be told by the
 main character using a first-person point of view or by the
narrator using a third point of view.
- Setting is the time, place and social environment in which the
story unfolds; it is the setting that provides the background for
the characters and plot to develop.
- Style refers to how the writer uses language to tell his story. The
author's choice of words, or diction, and how he uses those
words, or syntax, shapes the writing style and, therefore, the
tone of the story.
- Theme is the main idea or meaning of the story; in general, it is
the message that comes from the story. The idea of a theme is
sometimes difficult to understand and does not always refer to
morals; In addition, it should not be confused with the plot of
the story or the subject matter. In addition, the value of certain
fictional characteristics over others is subjective. A writer who
doesn't see the importance of setting in the context of his story,
for example, may not emphasize it in favor of other
characteristics.

3. Please explain the characteristics of Non fictional text!

Jawaban :

There are several important characteristics of all nonfiction works.

Most importantly, nonfiction writing must involve real people, places,
and events. The stories told in nonfiction must be based on real things
and not made up. If something in the story is made up, then it is
included in fiction. Non-fiction must also contain facts, namely
information that can be proven true. With this in mind, a writer can
select and organize facts in several ways to achieve his goals. Some
facts can be omitted, and others can be presented specifically, but on
the whole, facts must be in the paper. Most non-fiction works also
have the same author's goal, namely the reason the author wrote.
Most nonfiction is written to express or inform. If the author's goal is
to express, the concepts expressed are always based on actual real-
life situations. Therefore, one could argue that all nonfiction also
serves to inform readers.

4. Please explain this statement : In literary fiction, the character

takescenter stage. They drive the story.

Jawaban :

As we know that every story must have character elements in it. In my

opinion, the existence of characters in stories is the main element that
cannot be eliminated in the order of a story in a literary work. The
placement of strategic positions such as carriers and messengers,
messages, morals, or something that is intentionally conveyed to the
reader is fully carried out by the character. In addition to playing a role
in directing what kind of plot will be delivered through the story, the
character is also the center of the stage, like the statement in the
question above. In this case, I mean that the character is fully the
element that becomes the center of attention when a story is shared
with a wide audience.

5. Please explain the classification of conflict!

Jawaban :

- Type of conflict: Relationship conflict

Main causes: Poor communication, misperceptions, duelling
egos, personality differences, stereotyping
Possible solutions: Increasing communication, Involving third-
party mediators
- Type of conflict: Data conflict
Main Causes: Lack of information, contradictory information or
deliberate misinformation, different interpretations, different
assessment procedures
Possible solutions: Improving exchange of information and
perceptions, Developing a strategy to obtain the information
- Type of conflict: Values conflict
Main Causes: Disagreement over what is morally right or wrong,
good or bad, just or unjust; forcing one set of values on others,
not allowing diverging thoughts or behaviour
Possible solutions: Providing information on different beliefs
and shared values
- Type of conflict: Structural conflict
 Main causes: Unspecified roles and responsibilities,
unreasonable time constraints, unequal power or authority,
unequal control of resources, geographical or physical
constraints
Possible solutions: Redefining roles and responsibilities;
Realigning rewards and punishments; Adjusting distribution of
power or control over resources
- Type of conflict: Interest conflict
Main causes: Due to substantive issues (money, physical
resources, time), procedural issues (dispute-resolution
techniques), psychological issues (perceptions of trust, fairness,
desire for participation, respect)
Possible solutions: Identifying the interests of conflicting parties
and addressing them to reach a compromise

6. Please explain about formalist criticism!

Jawaban :

Formalist criticism is defined as a literary criticism approach which

provides readers with a way to understand and enjoy a work for its
own inherent value as a piece of literary art. Formalist critics spend a
great deal of time analyzing irony, paradox, imagery, and metaphor.
They are also interested in a work’s setting, characters, symbols, and
point of view.
7. Mention three benefit of the biographical approach

Jawaban :

- Biographical Criticism allows the reader to approach the author's

work with a deeper understanding of how it was created and its
meaning.
- The lens allows us to see the imaginative spirit of how writers
take events from their own lives and shape these experiences
into their works for readers to enjoy.
- There is often times a link between particular stories, plays, and
peoms toparticular events and people in the author's life that
can be seen through abiographical lens.

8. How to analyze fictional text especially narrative text?

Jawaban :

Fiction is a narrative that strings together events that are imaginary,

not factual. A work of fiction can be a book, a play, an opera or a film.
Although there is little consensus as to what the exact elements of
fiction are, there are some basic ways to identify concepts within
fiction and analyze their meaning. Fiction is highly subjective, so your
analysis could be different from someone else's interpretation.
Following will be show you how to analyze fiction:

1. Have the fictional work and paper available to take notes.

2. Consider the main events of the story. This is called the plot.
 3. Identify the setting. Where does the story take place? What is
the time period? How does the setting affect the story?
4. Choose the point of view of the narrator.
5. Identify the characters. You can write a list of all the characters
and characterization in the story.
6. Establish the story's main themes. The theme is the main idea of
the story, or the unifying concept.
7. Look at the words themselves. What imagery does the author
use?
8. Identify symbolism in the story. Symbolism means the use of
objects, people or elements of the story to represent something
else.

9. Please explain the weakness and the strengthens of serious and

popular fiction!

Jawaban :

Popular fiction weakness and strengthens:

In my opinion, popular fiction has strengthens, one of which is in terms

of function. Where this literary genre aims to entertain and try to
attract readers through the plots presented in popular types of fiction.
The use of simpler language makes it less difficult for readers to
understand the story presented. However, this work of fiction also has
weaknesses. In my opinion, the characteristics of popular fiction that
play a more role in the plot rules in presenting a storyline that is boring
and seem the same as most other stories.

Strengthens and weakness of serious fiction:

Literary fiction as we know it lifts stories from real people's lives. In

this genre, the character becomes the center of attention in contrast
to popular fiction where the character only serves the plot. Exploring
the foreign in a familiar setting, for example, London's self-contained
Jewish community provides readers with more previously unknown
insights. The use of standard language is able to teach the reader
about the purity of the language presented in the story. However, this
genre also has its drawbacks. Using more descriptions than dialogue,
it makes the reader bored. Even more so for readers who are lazy to
imagine. In addition, the use of standard language is also less
attractive to readers because there are many words that may not be
familiar.

10. Please explain about feminist criticism!

Jawaban :

Feminist criticism is a view that began to be voiced in the 19th century

regarding the equal position of women and men. The feminist critique
approach actually comes from the feminist movement in the Western
world which is rooted in the struggle for equal rights for women.