Professional Documents
Culture Documents
✹✹ Introduction 86
✹✹ The importance of marketing research 86
Marketing in action: The billboard of the future 87
contents vii
The importance of ethical marketing research 105
International issues in marketing research 106
Ethical marketing: Privacy: Where do you draw the line online? 107
Study Tools 108
Case study: Bom bom bom! Re-igniting Kmart’s brand 112
✹✹ Introduction 120
✹✹ The importance of understanding consumer behaviour 121
Ethical marketing: Ethics and fast food marketing to children 122
✹✹ Introduction 156
✹✹ What is a market? 156
✹✹ Market segmentation 157
viii CONTENTS
Variables for segmenting consumer markets 159
Marketing in transition: Brave girl power or feeble female? 160
Ethical marketing: Taking geek-chic a little too far? 161
Sustainable marketing: It’s not easy being green? 167
Variables for segmenting business markets 169
✹✹ Introduction 192
✹✹ Business markets 192
Ethical marketing: When outsourcing goes bad 193
Producer markets 194
Reseller markets 194
Government markets 195
Institutional markets 195
contents ix
Study Tools 208
Case study: The evolution of business banking – the impact
of technology 212
✹✹ Introduction 221
✹✹ The strategic power of branding 221
✹✹ Value of branding 222
✹✹ Brand equity 223
Marketing in action: Weet-bix brand culture 225
Ethical marketing: The popularity of house brands and the
effect on competition 228
x CONTENTS
Chapter 8 Product decisions 251
✹✹ Introduction 252
✹✹ What is a product? 252
Classifying products 255
Consumer products 256
Marketing in action: Summer the surfer girl! 256
Business products 258
Sustainable marketing: Digging deeper into green claims 260
✹✹ Introduction 290
✹✹ Developing new products 291
Idea generation 291
Ethical marketing: Building blocks and innovative communities 293
Screening 294
Concept testing 294
Marketing in action: ‘Crazy’ former comic laughs all the way
to the bank – thanks to spanx! 295
Business analysis 295
Product development 396
Test marketing 396
Commercialisation 398
contents xi
✹✹ Nature and importance of services 305
Traditional characteristics of services 306
✹✹ Introduction 332
✹✹ The role of price 332
✹✹ Price and non-price competition 333
Price competition 333
Non-price competition 333
xii CONTENTS
Study Tools 355
Case study: Spa Ceylon 359
✹✹ Introduction 364
✹✹ The role of marketing channels 365
The significance of marketing channels 366
Types of marketing channels 367
Sustainable marketing: IKEA’s sustainable geothermal
energy initiative 368
✹✹ Wholesaling 389
Services provided by wholesalers 390
Types of wholesalers 391
✹✹ Introduction 412
✹✹ What is integrated marketing communications? 412
Marketing in action: Rum-road to recovery after floods 413
contents xiii
✹✹ The communication process 415
Sustainable marketing: Fight against green washing 417
✹✹ Introduction 452
✹✹ Advertising 453
Developing an advertising campaign 454
Marketing in transition: Will TV advertising be revitalised
through targeted advertisements? 460
Executing the campaign and evaluating advertising effectiveness 463
Advertising you should be aware of 465
xiv CONTENTS
✹✹ Sponsorship 471
Common types of sponsorship 472
Evaluating the effectiveness of sponsorship 473
Dealing with unfavourable sponsorship contracts 474
Ethical marketing: Professional athlete refuses to don
sponsor’s logo for religious reasons 475
✹✹ Introduction 502
✹✹ Strategic use of the expanded marketing mix variables 503
A marketing mix for the ‘experience economy’ 505
Mapping the customer experience 507
Marketing in action: Expanded marketing mix used to
transform a UK haulage company into a superbrand 508
✹✹ Processes 520
Flow and progress of customers 521
Marketing in action: was it really a queue? 521
Sensitivity, privacy and confidentiality of customer–company interactions 522
Digital technology and the service process 523
Marketing in transition: Body scanning helps you find perfectly
fitting clothes 524
Curated convenience 524
contents xv
Study Tools 528
Case study: The experience of learning in a museum 532
✹✹ Introduction 540
✹✹ Growth and benefits of digital marketing 540
The interactivity of social media 543
Glossary 583
Index 594
xvi CONTENTS
For the student
Resources guide As you read this text you will find a wealth of Part and Chapter
features designed to enhance your study of marketing and help
you understand how it is applied in the real world.
ECONOMIC
1 Learning objectives, listed at
the start of each chapter, give you
FORCES
CUSTOMER
that are covered. A learning objective
icon appears in the margin to help
proMoTIon DISTRIBUTION
Throughout this chapter, Watch, Listen and Revise icons indicate an opportunity for online self-study through
4 pa r t 1 : m a r k e t i n g g r o u n d w o r k
1
Kodak Co engineer, invented the digital camera. While it took 20 years for digital
Key concePTs cameras to become mainstream, they rapidly grew to become one of the most popular
electronic gifts.
in mARKeTing
The introduction of the digital camera, a second ‘disruptive innovation’, created
LO1
some tough strategic problems for Kodak. Through its industry dominance in supplying
and processing film, Kodak had enjoyed a sheltered and highly lucrative market position.
The infrastructure, machinery and expertise needed to manufacture and process
traditional film were not easily replicated, creating significant barriers to entry into the
Learning Objectives photographic film business. However, the new digital cameras didn’t use film and the
1 LO1 Define marketing and understand key marketing terms, including target market, marketing
technology could be replicated by competitors such as Fuji. Executives at Kodak were
not united in whether they should promote a product that cannibalised their lucrative
film processing and supply business.
mix, marketing exchanges and marketing environment
With hindsight we can now say that this second ‘disruptive innovation’ ultimately led
to the downfall of Kodak. The sales of traditional roll film fell dramatically from 2000
LO2 Develop an understanding of the marketing concept and market orientation
to 2010, undermining Kodak’s profitability, and in 2012, Kodak – the inventors of the
phenomenally successful digital camera – entered administration. What they failed to
LO3 Appreciate the importance of building customer relationships do was understand the power of the digital camera and follow the path that was
opened up with their ‘disruptive innovation’.
LO4 Explain the major marketing functions that are part of the marketing management process Now the market has entered a new phase in the evolution of photography. Fuji
maintained a dominant position in the digital camera market, but consumers are now
LO5 Understand the role of marketing in our society turning to their mobile phones as a source of photographic equipment. Providing
consumers with a more compact and versatile piece of electronics, mobile phone brands
such as the Apple iPhone and Samsung Galaxy range offer consumers the ability to take
2 M a r k e t i n g c h a l l e n g e | B e i n g M a r k e t- o r i e n t e d : to B e ,
o r n ot to B e … 3 increasingly clear high-quality images, and then share them digitally through apps such as
Instagram. By making the sharing of photos as simple as a click, consumers are less inclined
to use digital cameras which require additional downloading and uploading efforts.2
The Kodak camera, released by George Eastman’s Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company
Marketing 1 how do organisations see the way to Where are the clues on what the market
in 1888, made photography accessible to everyone. The new Kodak camera was
challenge be market oriented, that is, focused on wants?
comparatively inexpensive at $25. It was easy to carry around and comfortable for questions meeting customers’ true needs? 3 What ‘disruptive innovations’ do you see
hand-held operation. And it also came preloaded with another innovation – flexible film.
2 how was it that Kodak invented the digital today?
The new, inexpensive flexible film just needed to be returned to the company (together camera but then failed to follow that path?
with the camera) and the images would be developed and a new film inserted. The new
Kodak camera superseded unwieldy cameras that used delicate, rigid photographic plates.
George Eastman’s vision was to make photography ‘as convenient as the pencil’. Today we
would call George Eastman’s Kodak camera with its flexible film a ‘disruptive innovation’.
To achieve his vision he built his company based on the principles of:
✹✹ ‘mass production at low cost
Introduction
✹✹ international distribution This first chapter introduces the marketing variables and decisions covered throughout
✹✹ extensive advertising the text. First, we develop a definition of marketing and explore each element of the
✹✹ a focus on the customer’.1 definition in detail. Next, we introduce the marketing concept and consider several issues
In 1975, Eastman Kodak Co (as the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company was now associated with implementing it. We also take a brief look at the management of customer
called) was again at the forefront of technological innovation. Steven Sasson, an Eastman relationships and then at the concept of value – a concept central to marketing’s ability
3
xvii
must commit money and time for its development and maintenance. Without an adequate
information system, however, an organisation cannot hope to become market-oriented.
A company must also establish a way to coordinate all its activities. This may require
restructuring the internal operations and overall objectives of one or more departments. If
the head of the marketing unit is not a member of the organisation’s top-level management,
he or she should be. Some departments may have to be abolished and new ones created.
Implementing the marketing concept demands the support not only of top management
but also of managers and staff at all levels. For instance, non-marketing managers must
communicate with marketing managers to share information important to understanding
the customer. In the end, executives, marketing managers and non-marketing managers
(those in production, finance, human resources and so on) are all important for establishing
and carrying out a market orientation.
Source: Shutterstock.com
is, you are likely to hear a variety of DiD you knoW?
branding himself as a survivalist expert, Bear Grylls shares
The process of maximising
descriptions. One of the most common Think of advertising
descriptions is that marketing is all about
and sales as the
visible tip of an
his survival skills, techniques and tools with the everyday
advertising and selling, and nothing else. iceberg supported
outdoor adventurer through his range of books, DVDs
returns to stakeholders by
by the bulk of the
Such descriptions are disappointing because
marketing expertise
marketing actually encompasses many [the majority of the and survival tools. His audience aspires to have adventures
more activities. Indeed, marketing is about iceberg is not visible
and be just as survival-savvy and well-equipped as their
developing exchanges with
as it is under water].
managing key aspects of an organisation’s
environment and includes a wide variety of survival icon.
valued customers and creating In reaching the outdoor enthusiast market, the
strategic and managerial activities.
In this book, we define marketing as the process of maximising returns to marketing
stakeholders by developing exchanges with valued customers and creating an The process of maximising Bear Grylls product line takes key extreme survival
text for the first time, they are bolded who make business purchase decisions. They include users, influencers, buyers, deciders 228 pa r t 3 : T h e e x pa n d e d m a r k e t i n g m i x
for easy identification, and a definition frequently initiate the purchase process and generate purchase specifications. After the
purchase, they evaluate product performance relative to the specifications. Influencers ethical M arketing | The PoPulariT y of house br ands and
are often technical personnel, such as engineers, who help develop the specifications and The effecT on coMPeTiTion issue
chapter 8: Product decisions 271
is provided in the margin, as well as in evaluate alternative products. Technical personnel are especially important influencers
when products being considered involve new, advanced technology. Buyers select suppliers Ethical consumption can be an expensive option. taking over their own shelf
product and are predominantly risk averse and oriented toward the past. They are highly
are influencing marketing strategies and As a fur ther step towards being environmentally
friendly, Gucci is considering using other
biodegradable packaging materials such as corn,
bamboo and cotton.
customer behaviour.
The Sustainable Marketing boxes
focus on green initiatives that help
organisations achieve both environmental
and economic sustainability.
Chapter review
outlines all the key points and
Study Tools
LO2
underSTand hoW dIfferenT STageS In The CoMMunICaTIon proCeSS
Can guIde The deSIgn of proMoTIonal CaMpaIgnS.
Promotional activities can help consumers make informed purchasing decisions, but
they have also been the subject of much criticism, including accusations of deception.
Although some deceiving or misleading promotions do exist, laws, government regulation
important key concepts is
also included to expand your
Communication is a sharing of meaning. The communication process involves several steps. and industry self-regulation minimise deceptive promotion. Promotion has been
First, the sender translates meaning into code, a process known as coding or encoding. The blamed for increasing prices, but it actually tends to lower them. When demand is high,
sender employs signs or symbols familiar to the receiver or audience. The coded message production and marketing costs decrease, which can result in lower prices. Promotion
also helps to bring prices down by facilitating price competition. Other criticisms of
marketing vocabulary.
is sent through a communications channel to the receiver or audience. The receiver or
audience then decodes the message and usually supplies feedback to the source. When the promotional activity are that it manipulates consumers into buying products they do
decoded message differs from the encoded one, a condition called noise exists. not need, that it leads to a more materialistic society and that consumers do not benefit
sufficiently from promotional activity to justify its high cost. Finally, some critics of
appreCIaTe hoW SpeCIfIC CoMMunICaTIon STYleS Could be applIed To promotion suggest that potentially harmful products, especially those associated with
LO3 violence, sex and unhealthy activities, should not be promoted at all.
Elements such as language, images, video and music contribute to communication styles.
Most advertisements fall into the categories of emotional, rational or moral appeals.
Key concepts
Communication style should match the type of product being promoted, e.g. rational Use these key terms in Search me! marketing to find the latest relevant readings from a
appeals work best with products that are promoted with facts and figures (e.g. computers
and mobile phones), emotional appeals are most effective when the product being promoted
has emotional value (e.g. medicines for your baby when he/she has a high temperature), and
wide range of world-class journals, e-books and newspapers, including The Australian.
■➔ cause-related marketing
■➔ channel capacity
■➔ integrated marketing
communications
■➔ pull policy
■➔ push policy
review at the end of each
■➔ coding process ■➔ noise ■➔ receiver
that is, the message has some greater meaning emphasising local moral codes and norms. ■➔ communications channel ■➔ primary demand ■➔ source (in communication
2
explaIn The role and objeCTIVeS of proMoTIon.
Eight primary objectives underlie most promotional programs. Promotion aims to create
awareness of a new product, new brand or existing product, to stimulate primary and selective
Issues for discussion and review
1 What is the major task of promotion? Do companies ever use promotion to accomplish
study and exploration of
demand, to encourage product trial through the use of free samples, coupons, limited free-use
chapter content.
this task and fail? If so, give several examples.
offers, contests and games, to identify prospects, to retain loyal customers, to facilitate reseller
support, to combat competitive promotional efforts, and to reduce sales fluctuations. 2 What does the term ‘integrated marketing communications’ mean? Why should
communication be integrated?
3 What is communication? What possible difficulties could marketers face during
deSCrIbe The faCTorS ThaT affeCT The ChoICe of MarkeTIng
LO5 the communication process when consumers encode and decode messages being
CoMMunICaTIonS MIx eleMenTS.
3 Marketing Application
conveyed to them? How can this be avoided?
The promotional methods to include in an organisation’s marketing communications mix 4 Identify several causes of noise. How can a sender reduce noise?
are determined by the organisation’s promotional resources, objectives and policies, target
5 How do companies retain customer loyalty, create awareness and stimulate demand onlIne exerCISe
of important topics. An
through their promotional activities? 5 Familiarise yourself with the Advertising Standards Bureau website (http://www
6 How do target-market characteristics determine which marketing communications-
mix variables to include in a marketing mix? Assume that a company is planning
to promote a breakfast cereal to both adults and children. How would these two
.adstandards.com.au)
a Identify key areas that are likely to cause an advertisement to be determined
inappropriate (look for ‘determination summaries’). Provide a brief explanation for
online exercise at the
end of each chapter directs
promotional efforts have to differ from each other? each key heading.
7 How can a product’s characteristics affect the composition of its promotion mix? b Explain why a self-regulating system is more beneficial to the advertising industry
8 Why is it important to match communication style with product features? than government legislation.
c Provide a summary of recent advertisements that attracted complaints. Why do you
9 Why should communication style be matched with target market characteristics?
3 Marketing applications
1 Identify three TV commercials, one appealing to consumers’ rational needs, another
1 Review the communication process in Figure 12.2. Identify the different players in the
communication process for promoting your product. identified with that site.
2 What are your objectives for promotion?
to their emotional needs and the third to their sense of morality. Describe each
commercial, and discuss how each attempts to achieve its objective. 3 What are the characteristics of your product (or service)? What type of marketing
4 Developing your
communication is most suited to your product type?
2 Suppose that marketers at Microsoft Surface tablet have come to you for
recommendations on how they should promote their products. They want to develop 4 Who is in your target market?
a comprehensive promotional campaign and they have a generous budget with which
to implement their plans. What questions will you ask them, and what will you suggest 5 5 What media is best suited to communicating with your target market? What alternative
or support promotions could you use?
they consider before developing a promotional program?
3 Identify a product for which marketers should use a push policy, another for which
a pull policy would be appropriate and a third product that might best be promoted
6 What is the likely ‘noise’ reducing the impact of your communication with your target
market? Suggest ways to overcome this ‘noise’. marketing plan ties the
chapter concepts into an
using a mix of the two policies. Explain your answers.
4 Many factors need to be considered when developing a promotion mix, including
the type of product and the product’s attributes. Which of the four promotional
CengageNOW
methods – advertising, personal selling, public relations or sales promotion – would Go to http:\\login.cengagebrain.com to link to CengageNOW, your online study tool. First
6 W
atch, Listen and Revise icons throughout
the text indicate an opportunity for online
self-study, linking you to interactive quizzes,
audio summaries and additional resources
based on your level of understanding.
xx Resources guide
Instructor’s Manual. The Instructor’s Manual provides you with a wealth
of content to help set up and administer your marketing subject. It includes
an outline of the chapter purpose and perspective, discussion starters, class
exercises, a chapter quiz, as well as answers to problems within the text.
PowerPoint slides. PowerPoint presentations are available to accompany each
chapter of Marketing Principles. Use these slides as they are to reinforce key
marketing principles, or edit them to suit your particular needs.
ExamView testbank. ExamView helps you create, customise and deliver tests
in minutes for both print and online. The Quick Test Wizard and Online Test
Wizard guide you step-by-step through the test-creation process. The program
also allows you to see the test you are creating on the screen exactly as it will
print or display online. With ExamView’s complete word-processing capabilities,
you can edit the questions provided, add an unlimited number of new questions
to the bank and build tests of up to 250 questions using up to 12 question types.
You can also export the files into Blackboard or WebCT.
Chapters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Marketing Being market- The supermarket Social media’s role High flying The great Business marketers Pristine rainforest
Challenge oriented: to be, or wars p. 39 in information consumers p. 119 Generation Y and customers rely experience p. 219
not to be… p. 3 systems p. 85 challenge p. 155 on virtual marketing
p. 191
Marketing in Efficiency and size New technology Nielsen company QR code haircuts BRAVE girl power Partnering for R.M. Williams
Transition make tiny cars a provides offers valuable – Clear in Thailand or feeble female? profit p. 204 brand identity
winning segment opportunities for insights for p. 131 p. 160 p. 235
p. 12 social network marketers p. 98
marketing p. 51 Are all consumer Facebook geo- Nike brand
reviews targeting delivers innovation p. 243
trustworthy? p. 145 goats and 500 000
fans p. 173 Power shift from
organisations to
consumers p. 243
Ethical Facing ethical The payoffs for Privacy: Where do Ethics and fast Taking geek-chic When outsourcing The popularity
Marketing issues in marketing being ethical p. 68 you draw the line food marketing to a little too far? goes bad p. 193 of house brands
p. 17 online? p. 107 children p. 122 p. 161 and the effect on
competition p. 228
Marketing in Surviving the Marketing new The billboard of Technology The Australian Steelcase wants Weet-bix brand
Action outdoors with products p. 67 the future p. 87 is changing DIY lifestyle to keep business culture p. 225
Bear Grylls: consumption segmentation customers healthy
Marketing appeals habits p. 125 p. 175 p. 202
to survivalists and
more p. 21 The ritual of
Facebook p. 142
Does marketing
increase the value
of products? p. 25
Sustainable Pedal power: Packaging that Message in a Green car sales It’s not easy being Go green – pass it Branding and
Marketing Putting eco- does not cost the bottle: secondary up and Aqua tops green? p. 167 along p. 200 corporate social
responsibility into earth p. 64 data provide Prius p. 140 responsibility
your customers recycling lessons p. 241
hands p. 29 p. 101
Written Kraft creates Stormy ride for Bom Bom Bom! The importance of Is there a Trek The evolution of Branding strategy
Case Study unhappy little Queensland’s Re-igniting Kmart’s behavioural change bicycle for business banking within an
Vegemites p. 35 tourism industry brand p. 112 in social marketing everybody? p. 186 – the impact of unbranded market:
p. 79 p. 150 technology p. 212 A case of the
Australian tobacco
industry p. 247
xxii
xxii
Part 3
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Welcome to the Wet ‘n’ Wild in the Amazon.com's Target ‘No one sees it L’Oréal slogan 5-star after sales Facebook
wonderful world west p. 291 best-selling pricing reinvigorates its like you’ by Canon celebrates service from befriends small
of LEGO® p. 251 ideas p. 333 brand p. 363 p. 411 40 years of Kubota Australia businesses p. 539
empowering p. 503
women p. 451
How green is that Samsung S4: is the Making ‘freemium’ Streamlining Near Field Will TV advertising Body scanning Ethical apps p. 554
product? Check iPhone old school? pay off p. 341 physical Communication be revitalised helps you find
the label p. 276 p. 303 distribution to (NFC) turns through targeted perfectly fitting You as the target
profit from your advertisements advertisements? clothes p. 524 audience: Social
@SBYudhoyono grocery shop into interactive p. 460 media profiles
– Indonesian p. 370 games p. 423 are catching up
President Twitter with our real life
success! p. 313 Technology is purchases p. 567
changing billboards
p. 431
Reinventing Building blocks Travel prices and Which are Images in Professional ‘The community Don’t leave
tobacco products and innovative fine print p. 337 more earth- advertising athlete refuses has a right sacked employee
as electronic communities friendly: online are routinely to don sponsor’s to expect a in charge of your
p. 268 p. 293 or traditional photoshopped logo for religious professional image social media
channels? p. 386 p. 438 reasons p. 445 from its police account! p. 545
officers’ p. 511
Is it OK to offer
Does your tuna minor medical
have the WWF procedures to
stamp of approval? customers as a
p. 525 convenience?
p. 566
Summer the ‘Crazy’ former Reinventing the Etsy creates a Rum-road to The six best jobs Expanded Mercedes Benz
Surfer Girl! p. 256 comic laughs all wheelie bin p. 344 crafty channel recovery after in the world? marketing mix has developed a
the way to the p. 383 floods p. 413 p. 467 used to transform QR code-based
bank - thanks to a UK haulage app that could
Spanx p. 295 company into a save lives p. 565
Superbrand p. 508
Delivery by
drones…! p. 316 Was it really a
queue? p. 521
This is not your
grandmother’s
circus! p. 318
Digging deeper Quality green Home-made IKEA’s sustainable Fight against green E-coupons Are electronic
into green claims beer p. 320 energy p. 342 geothermal washing p. 417 benefit a variety textbooks really
p. 260 energy initiative of stakeholders, better for the
p. 368 including the environment?
Sustainable environment p. 560
packaging at Gucci p. 483
p. 271
Product strategy Pilates Studio Spa Ceylon p. 359 Why own when Promoting an Bloggers and social The experience How a plush toy
and innovation p. 325 you can share? alternative to media influence: of learning in a manufacturer
at Glaceau New models of the smartphone New opportunities museum p. 532 plans its marketing
Vitaminwater ownership and p. 445 for brand through
p. 283 distribution in marketers p. 494 crowdsourcing
the automotive p. 576
industry p. 407
F e at u r e s m at r i x xxiii
Marketing in the Asia-Pacific
Preface region
Marketing is a popular choice among business students because the subject matter
is highly engaging and evident in everyday life. Marketing is a business function
concerned with managing markets – managing the customers, competitors and
collaborators of an organisation. Marketing Principles, now in its second edition,
is a textbook that conveys the most relevant, contemporary marketing concepts
and best practices in relation to managing markets. And, importantly, the book has
been developed specifically with the Asia–Pacific region in mind.
This book’s strong focus on the Asia–Pacific region is demonstrated with
cases drawn from Australia and New Zealand, as well as other cases coming
from individual countries across the Asia–Pacific. Case examples and discussions
strewn throughout the book include high-profile brands such as Sony and Toyota,
along with other less noticeable inclusions such as the discussion in Chapter 14 on
aromatic seats offered in Japanese cinemas.
One of the reasons for producing a book with an Asia–Pacific focus is to
specifically address the issues relevant to this region. Prescribing students a US-
based text, for example, assumes that culture is the same throughout the world
– and this is simply not the case. Culture matters! Another reason for producing
an Asia–Pacific edition is to profile and highlight the success and innovation of
local businesses and entrepreneurial ventures. Many businesses and operations
throughout Australia, New Zealand and Asia are highly deserving of the intangible
reward of recognition. The authors have therefore strived to deliberately highlight
successful operations throughout the region.
Overall, the book’s Asia–Pacific focus means the text will be as relevant in
Singapore as it will be in Melbourne, Perth, Auckland and Hong Kong. The benefit for
lecturers is less preparation around aligning marketing theory with an Asia–Pacific
context, and the benefit for students with an Asia–Pacific background is that the
interest level in the content will be high and, therefore, retention of the text content
is more likely. Contextualisation of marketing theory and practice as presented in
this Asia–Pacific text is, therefore, beneficial for both instructors and students alike.
Distinctive themes
In this second edition we continue with a distinct practical marketing focus, with many
cases and examples presented throughout the book. This is essential for the learning
of our target audience – undergraduate marketing students who are promising
employees, entrepreneurs and business owners. As such, students need to be
equipped with the understanding of marketing knowledge in action. Such actionable
knowledge also helps organisations to benefit from anticipated changes in the business
environment. To this end, the practical application of marketing theory as presented in
this text is also an example of how the book is oriented towards market needs.
We have also focused on the need for marketing to change and adapt to existing
and future developments of the business environment. Updated Marketing in
Transition and Marketing in Action boxes, and a more detailed discussion of
xxiv
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
luonnollisesti kertoa Callahanin taposta ja Brannon vaivasi aivojaan
kysymyksellä, pysyisikö Josephine kertomuksessaan, jonka hän oli
Meederille laatinut, varoen itse tulemasta syytettyjen penkille ja
vierittäen syyn taposta Brannonin niskoille.
"En."
"Ei."
"En välitä tietää niistä syystä hän sen teki", jatkoi Murray, "mutta
pilaa hän teki sinusta, Brannon. Peijakas vie tekikin. Mutta kyllähän
minä arvaan syyn siihen. 'Eipä juuri mitään', kiusoitteli Murray,
matkien Bettyn ääntä,'eipä juuri mitään', sanoi hän. 'Eipä juuri
mitään.' Ja sillä hän tarkoitti että se on tarpeeksi paljon, vaikka sinä
et näy sitä ymmärtävän."
"Oli suorastaan häpeä antaa hänen kertoa se, Brannon. Hän oli
melkein hysteerinen. Mahtoi hänestä olla kauheata nähdä tapaus."
Hän olisi voinut valehdella, mutta hän tiesi, ettei hän olisi voinut
pettää Bettyä.
Betty tunsi hänet. Aines, josta hän oli kokoonpantu, oli tervettä.
Hänessä ei ollut mitään pinnallista, kiiltävää siloa, joka olisi peittänyt
vähemmän miellyttäviä puutteita.
Mutta sitä kesti vain hetkisen. Ellei Betty olisi pitänyt häntä niin
tarkasti silmällä, ei hän olisi huomannut sitä ensinkään.
Ollen itse vakuutettu siitä, että Brannon oli ampunut sen kuulan,
joka oli tappanut Callahanin, oli Josephine, kertoessaan tapahtuman
Bettylle, päättänyt puhua totuuden. Lieventävänä asianhaarana oli
hän uudistanut sen mahdollisuuden, johon Cole Meeder oli viitannut
tutkiessaan häntä, että nimittäin Brannon oli erehtynyt luulemaan
Callahania Denveriksi. Tällä koetti hän lievittää sitä kauhua, jonka
hän arvasi kertomuksensa Bettyssä herättävän.
Jos Brannon olisi ollut Idän miehiä, jos hän olisi ollut sen
kohteliaan seurapiirin jäseniä, joihin Josephine oli tottunut ja jos hän
olisi ollut vähemmän kömpelö eikä niin kokonaan eläytynyt seudun
karkeaan ja ylivoimaisen ankaraan ilmapiiriin, olisi Josephine luullut
voivansa häntä rakastaa. Kuitenkin tiesi hän, että tämä selvittely oli
vain hänen aivojensa tuotetta, sillä hänen sydämensä huusi kaiken
aikaa: "Minä kaipaan häntä, kaipaan häntä."
Hän nousi pystyyn, halveksien itseään syvästi, kun oli oikein
tulkinnut sisintä ääntään ja meni rappuja alas. Hän kulki
päärakennuksen itäiselle puolelle ja jäi sinne seisomaan,
mietteissään katsellen kuun valaisemaan etäisyyteen, tuntien
poskensa hehkuvan siitä omituisesta kaipauksesta, joka hänet oli
vallannut. Brannonin vetovoimaa ei voinut järkeilemällä poistaa.
"Les Artwell!"
"Lattimer!"
Josephine lausui nimen ääneen. Sehän oli sama mies, josta Betty
oli sanonut, ettei hän häikäilisi, vaikka veisi naisen väkisin
vuoristoon.
Seitsemästoista luku.
Hän oli vakuutettu siitä, ettei hän enää olisi pystynyt auttamaan
miestä takaisin satulaan, sillä hän ei olisi voinut sormin koskea
häneen. Miten Artwell yleensä oli tuon viidentoista mailin matkan
onnistunut pysymään satulassa, ei Josephine käsittänyt, vaan arveli
sen tapahtuneen aivan vaistomaisesti, tottumuksesta.
Josephinen oli täytynyt silloin pyörtyä, sillä kun hän taas heräsi
tietoisuuteen siitä, mitä hänen ympärillään tapahtui, huomasi hän
istuvansa suuressa nojatuolissa kuistilla ja näki kookkaan miehen
seisovan kymmenen askeleen päässä, ja katselevan häntä
äänettömänä.
Hän oli vähällä vastata, että hän oli tuntenut hänet Betty Lawsonin
kuvauksesta, kun hän oli sanonut häntä "hirvittävän, tumman
kauniiksi." Sen sijaan Josephine punastui ja kertoi hänelle, kuinka
hän oli tavannut Artwellin tallin ovella, sekä teki selvää koko
seikkailusta lopettaen siihen, että Artwell oli sanonut Lattimerin
karjatalon olevan etelään päin.