CH10001 CHEMISTRY

Chemistry of Smart materials

Dr. Janeka Gartia

KIIT Deemed to be University
 Introduction
• The word nano signifying very small objects (1–100 nm).
• Nano literally means dwarf (10–9) and can be used as a prefix to the
fundamental properties such as mass, time and length to give important
scientific properties such as:
Nanogram = 10–9 g
Nanosecond = 10–9 s
Nanometer = 10–9 m
• The physical, chemical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties of
nanomaterials are significantly different from the properties of the same
material of bigger size. For example, a metal with a grain size of 10 nm is
seven times harder and tougher than its counterpart with the size of
hundreds of nanometers.
• The nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area than ordinary
materials and this has a significant effect on their physical properties and
chemical reactivities. It has been observed that certain substances that are
ordinarily unreactive become reactive in their nanoscale form because of
their high surface area.
• The quantum effects of matter at bulk level and nano level varies
significantly.
A “nano” is one billionth of a meter, i.e., 1 nm = 10-9 m

Fullerenes C60

12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm

1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m

10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller

Nanoscience
Manipulation of chemical and physical properties of materials at
the 1 - 100 nm scale. In the nanometer size they possess unique
properties due to quantum confinement and very high
surface/volume ratio.

Nanotechnology
To develop and apply materials at this scale to develop new
products or methods; i.e., turning nanostructures into useable tools
and applications.
Nanotechnology Applications

Information Technology Energy

• More efficient and cost
• Smaller, faster, more
effective technologies for
energy efficient and
energy production
powerful computing
− Solar cells
and other IT-based − Fuel cells
systems − Batteries
− Bio fuels

Medicine Consumer Goods

• Cancer treatment • Foods and beverages
−Advanced packaging materials,
• Bone treatment sensors, and lab-on-chips for
• Drug delivery food quality testing
• Appetite control • Appliances and textiles
• Drug development −Stain proof, water proof and
• Medical tools wrinkle free textiles
• Diagnostic tests • Household and cosmetics
• Imaging − Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
cosmetics
Classification based on Dimensionality
 Synthesis Approaches

Top-Down Bottom-Up

Mechanical Lithography Physical Chemical Biological

•Cutting •Photolithography method method method
•Etching •Electron beam (Position of (Chemical (Biological
•Grinding lithography atoms using Reduction) Reduction)
an AFM tip)

Chemical Synthesis
Electrochemical Synthesis
Template Based
Photochemical Synthesis
OR
Sonochemical Synthesis
Colloidal Synthesis
Thermal Synthesis
Self-assembly