TRAIN ACCIDENT

PREVENTION
 KAMALA NIKETAN
MONTESSORI SCHOOL(CBSE)

TRAIN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

DONE BY :K.Mahasrimathi
XII- I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my greatest

gratitude to all those who directly or
indirectly helped and supported me
throughout the project.
Firstly , I am highly indebted to my
Physics teacher Mrs. Saranya for her
guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project . I
would also like to extend my gratitude
to our principal for giving me a chance
to work on this project .
Finally, I would like to thank my lab
teacher ,friends and team members
for their continued support and
coordination in this project
 INDEX

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

1. Introduction 1

2. Materials required 2

3. Construction 3,4

4. Details of working 5,6

5. Diagram 7

6. Pros 8

7. Cons 9

8. Future scope 10
 Introduction

At present railways is one of the most widely used

transportation system in the world.Approximately
10000 billion freight tonne kilometres are travelled
around the world every year and more than 5 billion
passengers travelled per year as per railway statics
report.

But till now railway transportation system are not

safe.
Many countries railways faces many collision during
travelling in every year as a result happened lot of
damage and casualties.

But if we add Anti Collision Technology (ACT) in

railway then we can prevent any types of collision.It
is an innovative technology which can be detect
collision dynamically and efficiently by using
ultrasound and embedded system.

The common reason of the train collisions are

manufacturing train signals or lights, failing
mechanics, safety gates not in place, crossings that
are unprotected, negligence of train conductor and
lack of awareness of people.
 Materials required

● Arduino Uno
● 7.4v Battery or Cable
● Ultrasonic sensor
● Sunboard sheet
● 4x wheels
● Jumper wires
● 6x LED lights
● 6x Buzzer
 Construction
❏ Gather the materials: Arduino Uno, 7.4V battery or cable,
ultrasonic sensor, sunboard sheet, 4x wheels, jumper
wires, 6x LED lights, and 6x buzzers.
❏ Prepare the chassis: Use the sunboard sheet to create a
stable platform for your project. Cut and shape it to
accommodate the Arduino Uno and other components
securely.
❏ Mount the Arduino Uno: Attach the Arduino Uno board
firmly to the sunboard sheet using screws or adhesive.
❏ Connect the ultrasonic sensor: Connect the VCC pin of
the ultrasonic sensor to the 5V pin on the Arduino Uno.
Connect the GND pin to the ground (GND) pin on the
Arduino. Finally, connect the Trig and Echo pins of the
ultrasonic sensor to any available digital pins on the
Arduino, such as pins 2 and 3.
❏ Connect the LED lights and buzzers: Use jumper wires to
connect each LED light and buzzer to separate digital pins
on the Arduino Uno. Make sure to connect the positive leg
(longer leg) of each LED to a current-limiting resistor
(220-330 ohms), and then connect the other end of the
resistor to the digital pin. Connect the negative leg
(shorter leg) of the LED directly to the ground (GND) pin
on the Arduino. Repeat this process for all 6 LEDs and
buzzers.
❏ Connect the power source: If using a battery,
connect its positive terminal to the Vin pin on the
Arduino Uno and the negative terminal to the
ground (GND) pin. If using a cable, connect the
positive and negative wires to the appropriate
terminals on the Arduino Uno.
❏ Write the code: Use the Arduino IDE or any text
editor to write the code that will control the
behavior of the system. The code should include
instructions to read data from the ultrasonic
sensor, process it, and trigger the appropriate LEDs
and buzzers based on predefined conditions.
❏ Upload the code: Connect the Arduino Uno to your
computer via USB, open the Arduino IDE, select the
appropriate board and port, and upload the code to
the Arduino.

❏ Test the system: Place the constructed device on a

surface, power it on, and observe its behavior. The
ultrasonic sensor will detect obstacles and trigger
the LEDs and buzzers accordingly.
 Detail of working

● Power On: When the system is powered on, the

Arduino Uno initializes and starts executing the
code.

● Ultrasonic Sensor: The ultrasonic sensor

continuously emits high-frequency sound waves
and measures the time it takes for the sound
waves to bounce back after hitting an obstacle.
● Distance Calculation: Using the time taken for the
sound waves to return, the Arduino calculates the
distance between the sensor and any nearby
objects in its range.
● Distance Threshold: A predefined distance
threshold is set to determine a safe distance for
the train. This threshold can be adjusted based on
the specific requirements.
● Object Detection: The Arduino compares the
measured distance with the distance threshold. If
the measured distance is below the threshold, it
means an object is detected in the train's path.
● LED and Buzzer Activation: Based on the object
detection, the Arduino activates the appropriate
LEDs and buzzers to provide visual and auditory
warnings.
● Train Operator Alert: The activated LEDs and
buzzers provide a clear indication to the train
operator that there is an obstacle ahead, allowing
them to take appropriate action.
● Obstacle Clearance: Once the obstacle is cleared,
and the measured distance exceeds the
threshold, the Arduino deactivates the LEDs and
buzzers.
● Continuous Monitoring: The system continuously
monitors the environment using the ultrasonic
sensor and repeats the process of object
detection and alert activation as long as it is
powered on.
● Maintenance and Adjustments: Periodic
maintenance and adjustments may be required to
ensure the system functions optimally, such as
checking sensor calibration, verifying distance
threshold, and replacing faulty components if
needed.
DIAGRAM
 Pros
● Acts automatically to prevent collision.
● System can withstand even in harsh environment.
● Economical and cost effective.
● Elimination of human error as no inputs
● Trains are considered a more environmentally
friendly mode of transportation compared to
individual cars or planes.
● Train accidents can result in significant economic
losses due to property damage, disruption of
services, and potential legal liabilities.
● Less downtime for repairs and unscheduled
maintenance helps improve fleet availability.
● Acts of vandalism and sabotage pose a risk to train
safety. Damage to railway infrastructure, such as
tampering with tracks or signaling equipment, can
cause accidents and derailments.
 Cons
● Adequate braking distance at the speed is not
available when a dangerous collision - like situation
aries suddenly.
● Failure to brake power of the locomotives.
● Consequences of train accidents include loss of
human life or injury, damage to railway property.
● Disruptions in rail traffic that exceed established
threshold levels and values.
● Acts of vandalism and sabotage pose a risk to train
safety. Damage to railway infrastructure, such as
tampering with tracks or signaling equipment, can
cause accidents and derailments.
● Regular maintenance and inspections of trains and
tracks are crucial for identifying potential issues and
addressing them promptly.
● Despite the advancement in technology and safety
protocols, human error remains a significant factor in
train accidents.
● The infrastructure required for a robust train safety
system can be expensive and time-consuming to
implement.
 Future Scope

● Advanced signaling systems: Future railway networks

may employ advanced signaling technologies such as
Positive Train Control (PTC) systems or
Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) systems.
These systems use a combination of GPS, wireless
communication, and trackside equipment to monitor
train positions, speeds, and track conditions.
● They can automatically control train movements and
enforce safety protocols, thereby reducing the risk of
collisions and derailments.
● Improved track maintenance and inspection: Regular
track maintenance and inspection will remain critical for
preventing train accidents. In the future, advancements
in sensor technology and data analytics could enable
more efficient and accurate monitoring of track
conditions.
● This would allow early detection of defects, such as
track misalignments or worn-out components, helping
to prevent potential accidents.
THANK YOU!!!