Computer Networks Assignment

Submitted to:
Sir Dr. Naveed Nawaz
Submitted by:
Maham Aamir 2020-EE-52

Department of Electrical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
Explain The following terms:

Routers, Switches, Hubs.

1.Routers:
Routers play a pivotal role in networking by managing data movement between different networks.
Working at the network layer of the OSI model, they employ routing tables to guide data packets,
determining the most effective paths for transmission. Routers handle tasks like IP address-based
routing, network security, and Quality of Service (QoS) management, enhancing communication
between diverse networks.

2.Switches:
Switches are essential components within local area networks (LANs), functioning at the data link layer
of the OSI model. They streamline data transmission within a LAN by using MAC addresses to deliver
data specifically to intended devices. Unlike hubs, switches establish direct communication paths
between devices, significantly improving network efficiency by reducing collisions and unnecessary data
transmission.

3.Hubs:
Hubs, once commonplace, have become outdated in modern networking. Operating at the physical
layer of the OSI model, hubs duplicate data received on one port to all connected ports in the same
network segment. This method creates a shared collision domain, leading to potential data collisions
and decreased network efficiency with increased connected devices. Unlike switches' intelligent data
routing, hubs lack the ability to differentiate or direct data, resulting in reduced usage compared to
switches, which offer enhanced network performance.