1.

) Antonio Lombardo, known as Francisco Antonio Pigafetta, was an Italian explorer

who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on the first global circumnavigation in the 16th
century. His travelogue is a crucial primary source for pre-colonial Philippine history,
detailing Magellan's arrival, interactions with local leaders, the Battle of Mactan, and the
fleet's departure. Pigafetta's journal offers insights into the Philippines' pre-colonial state,
its geography, and indigenous culture.

His account validates Magellan's circumnavigation theory and provides a precise

geographical record. Pigafetta's journal also highlights interactions between Europeans
and Filipinos, shedding light on cultural exchange, trade, and diplomacy. Furthermore, he
documented local languages, benefiting linguists and historians studying Philippine
language development. Pigafetta's observations on Filipino customs contribute to cultural
anthropology, aiding in understanding the period's cultural dynamics. Overall, Pigafetta's
journal is invaluable for studying Philippine history, culture, and geography during the
early days of European exploration.

2.) a.) It was evident that Pigafetta’s bias was towards Magellan and Spain when writing the
story. His narrative serves to highlight the leadership of Magellan and the Spanish
achievements during their voyage. Moreover, it was evident how Pigafetta downplays the
work of their crew who were not Spaniards and frequently paints them in a negative light.
Because of his loyalty to Magellan and the Spanish Crown, his narrative may be
overstated and exaggerating the heroism of the Spaniards while invalidating the
contributions made by other people.

b.) The other bias mentioned in the account that reflects the author’s identity, loyalty
and circumstances is about Ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism. Ethnocentrism means the
belief that people, customs, and traditions of your own race or country are better than
those of other races or countries. On the other hand, Eurocentrism means the fact of
considering Europe or Europeans to be the most important. Pigafetta’s account
demonstrates a clear bias in favor of European culture and values. He frequently presents
the native people they came across negatively, highlighting their alleged barbarism and
lack of civilization in comparison to Europeans.This reflects a common bias of the time,
where European explorers and chroniclers tended to view their own culture as superior to
 all others. Pigafetta’s portrayals of the native cultures, faiths and rituals, which are
frequently portrayed as weird or subpar, are influenced by Eurocentrism.

3.) Antonio Pigafetta's journal, a firsthand account of the Philippines during the early 16th
century, is highly recommended for anyone interested in the precolonial Philippines.
Although biased due to a Eurocentric perspective, it provides unique insights into
customs, cultures, and landscapes. When combined with other historical records, it offers
a comprehensive understanding of this period in Philippine history, making it a valuable
resource for anyone interested in the pre colonial Philippines.Further more he was present
when Magellan discovered the Philippines, He was the one who documented Magellan's
adventure in the Philippines and was also present when Magellan was slain by the natives
of Lapu Lapu.