Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering NaviMumbai.

Estd.: 1993-94
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of Maharashtra,
Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

REPORT
On
Vande Bharat Express (Train-18)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
in bachelor of engineering
(Electrical Engineering)
Submitted By
Meet Vijay Bhatt (07)
Guided by:
Dr. Sandip Kotkar

1
 Academic year: 2023-24
Abstract :
Vande Bharat Express
Vande Bharat Express, also known as Train 18, is an Indian semi-high-speed
intercity electric multiple unit (EMU) train service. It was designed and built by
the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai, India. Vande Bharat Express is
known for its modern and aerodynamic design, which aims to provide a more
comfortable and efficient travel experience. Here are some key features and
information about the Vande Bharat Express:

● Speed: Vande Bharat Express is designed to run at a top speed of around 180
km/h (112 mph), which makes it one of the fastest trains in India.
● Routes: The train initially ran between New Delhi and Varanasi. However,
there have been plans to introduce it on other routes as well to connect major
cities in India.
● Comfort and Amenities: The train offers several passenger-friendly features,
including comfortable seating, spacious interiors, Wi-Fi, GPS-based
passenger information system, onboard entertainment, and modular bio-
toilets.
● Energy Efficiency: Vande Bharat Express is considered more energy-
efficient than traditional locomotive-hauled trains. It features regenerative
braking, which helps save energy.
● Indigenous Technology: The train is a symbol of 'Make in India' as it was
designed and manufactured entirely in India. It showcases the country's
engineering and manufacturing capabilities.
● Safety: Safety features include anti-collision technology, emergency brakes,
fire and smoke detection systems, and CCTV cameras for enhanced security.
● Environmental Benefits: Vande Bharat Express is considered more
environmentally friendly due to its energy-efficient design and reduced
emissions compared to traditional diesel locomotives.

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 INDEX
Sr.No. Chapter Contents
1. 1. Introduction
2. 1.1 Background and Purpose
3. 1.2 Features of Vande Bharat Express
4. 1.3 Historical of EMUs.
5. 2. Train sets in India
6. 2.1 Working of Trains sets
7. 2.2 Traction Motors of Vande Bharat Exp
8. 2.3 Traction Transformer of Vande Bharat Express
9. 3. Integral Coach Factory (ICF)
10. 3.1 Introduction
11. 3.2 History of ICF
12. 3.3 Milestones of ICF
13. 4. Features of Vande Bharat Express
15. 4.1 Design and technical specifications
16. 4.2 Pantograph Specifications
17. 4.3 Seating Capacity
18. 5. Interiors of Vande Bharat Express
19. 5.1 Features of Vande Bharat Express
20. 5.2 Flooring
21. 5.3 Automatic doors with sensors
22. 6. Exteriors of Vande Bharat
23. 6.1 Gangways/Vestibules
24. 6.2 Semi-Permanent coupling
25. 7. Train Control and Management systems(TCMS)
26. 7.1 Major function of TCMS
27. 7.2 What is TCMS
28. 7.3 TCMS in Train18 units
29. 8. Conclusion
30. 9. Reference

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 Chapter.No. 1
Introduction
1.1 Background and Purpose:
The Vande Bharat Express was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi on February 15, 2019. Vande Bharat Express represents a
significant advancement in India's railway technology and infrastructure,
aiming to provide passengers with a faster and more comfortable means
of transportation for intercity travel.

1.2 Features:
● Indirect LED lights on Luggage Racks and AC Ducts
● Special air conditioning duct for silent and equal distribution of
conditioned Air.
● Provision of entertainment and mobile charging at every seat.
● Revolving seats at Executive class
● Wifi
● Gps based passenger information system
● All coaches having ONE onboard MINI PANTRY.

1.3 Historical Significance of Electric Multiple Units (EMU):

On 3 February 1925, the first EMU Service was started from Victoria
Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus) to Coorla
Harbour (now Kurla) on the Central line which was run on 1.5 kV DC
traction and also started on the Western line from Churchgate to Borivali
on 5 January 1928. By 2016, the entire network had been converted to
25 kV 50 Hz AC traction.

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5
 Chapter.No. 2
Train Sets in India
2.1 Working:
Train sets are miniature models of trains and railway systems that are
often used for recreational purposes, such as model railroading or as
educational tools. They consist of various components and are typically
built to a smaller scale, such as HO scale (1:87) or N scale (1:160), but
larger scales like O scale (1:48) and G scale (1:22.5) are also popular for
outdoor garden railroads. Here's an overview of the components and
how train sets work.

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2.2 Traction Motors in Vande Bharat:
The Train 18 uses three-phase electric traction motors, which are
powered by the overhead catenary system. These traction motors are
designed to provide the train with the necessary power for smooth and
efficient movement. The exact specifications and details of these traction
motors may vary depending on the specific version of the train and any
updates made since then. If you're looking for more specific information
about the traction motors used in Train 18 or details about any recent
developments or updates, I recommend checking with the Integral
Coach Factory (ICF) or the Indian Railways, as they would have the
most up-to-date information on this train's technology and
specifications.

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2.3 Traction Transformers:
A traction transformer is a type of electrical transformer used in the field
of electric traction, particularly in railway and transit systems. Its
primary function is to convert the high-voltage alternating current (AC)
from the power grid into the appropriate voltage and frequency required
to power electric locomotives or trains. Traction transformers are a
critical component in electrified rail systems, which are increasingly
popular due to their environmental benefits and efficiency. Overall,
traction transformers play a vital role in modern electric rail systems by
providing a safe and efficient means of converting and delivering
electrical power to trains, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and promote sustainable transportation.

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 Chapter.No. 3
Integral Coach Factory
3.1 Introduction to ICF,Chennai:
The Integral Coach Factory is one of the earliest production units of
independent India. It was inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of
India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 2nd October, 1955. Later the Furnishing
Division was inaugurated on 2nd October, 1962 and the production of
fully furnished coaches steadily increased over the years. Spread over
511 acres, it has more than 9500 employees who turnout more than 4000
coaches in more than 175 varieties every year which includes
conventional and self-propelled coaches in LHB and other designs.
3.2 History of ICF:
ICF had completed glorious 66 years since inception and has turned out
more than 68,000 coaches, the highest by any rail coach manufacturer in
the world. Today, ICF is the front runner in the manufacture of self-
propelled coaches viz. EMU, MEMU, SPART, OHE Tower car, SPIC
and DEMU in the country. In 2018-19, ICF took a giant leap by rolling
out India’s first semi high speed train set, viz. Vande Bharat Express that
was flagged off by Hon’ble Prime Minister of India from New Delhi to
Varanasi. The second rake of Vande Bharat Express was also turned out
by ICF during May, 2019. The 16 coach semi-high speed Trainset with
80% indigenous inputs manufactured by ICF under “Make in India”
project consists of 16 coaches and is designed for Maximum Operating
speed of 160 kmph. Version 2.0 of Vande Bharat Express rake with
improved features, was rolled out from ICF, which was flagged off by
Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi ji on 30th
September, 2022 from Gandhi Nagar Capital to Mumbai Central.

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3.3 Milestones:
Production of indigenously manufactured all-steel all-welded railway
shells started in the year 1955 with an installed capacity of 350 shells per
annum. The production was steadily increased duly augmenting
infrastructure over the years and 1000 coaches were turned out for the
first time in 1990. In the production year (2018-19), ICF has created a
record by turning out 4166 coaches, which is the highest ever production
by not only ICF but any other coach manufacturer in the world. but
Despite COVID restrictions, ICF has turned out 3101 coaches in the
production year 2021-22. The production during last year includes 31
rakes of MEMU (248 coaches), 15 Vistadome tourist coaches, 2639
LHB Coaches, 4 air-conditioned new generation rakes for Kolkata
Metro and 50 Diesel Electric Tower Car (Underslung) etc.

Production of Vande Bharat Express in ICF, Chennai.

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 Chapter.No. 4
Features of Vande Bharat Express

4.1 Design and Technical Specifications:

Major technical features of Train 18.
● 160 km/h speed . Test speed- 180 km/h.
● Maximum Design Axle Load – 17 T (Actual–16.5 T).
● Starting Acceleration – 0.8 m/sec2.
● Deceleration – 1 m/sec2. 50 % Powering.
● 4 Car Basic Unit. One Pantograph per each BU.
● Wheel Mounted Brake Disc.
● Bogie Control for Brake System as well as Traction.
● All Propulsion equipments are underslung.
● Bolsterless bogie.
● Faiveley HR Pantograph

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4.2 Pantograph Specifications:
High Speed Pantographs are for all types of high speed vehicles. They
are designed for service speeds up to 400km/h. We are proud to hold the
current world speed record of 574.8 km/h for a train on steel wheels with
our pantograph achieved in 2007. The pantographs are electronically
controlled with the working extension of 2,6 m. The communication
with the train is via various train networks including Ethernet, MVB or
TRDP. Pantograph control unit utilizes various TCMS data such as
speed, network type, pantograph position or unit configuration in order
to achieve an optimal contact force at all operating conditions and
speeds. Remote diagnostics and cyber security are included within the
electronics scope. Equipped with all modern systems such as automatic
dropping (ADD), maximum extension limitation or carbon strip wear
detection it can satisfy the most demanding requirements. Our
pantographs are in operation all around the world, e.g. in China, France,
South Korea with thousands delivered since 1990. Comply with various
national and international interface and collector head profile standards.

Faiveley HR Pantograph mounted in Vande Bharat Express

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4.3 Seating Capacity:

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 Chapter.No. 5

Interiors of Vande Bharat Express

5.1 Interior Features of Vande Bharat exp:

 Flooring.
 FRP-Interior panelling.
 Partitions with electrically operated touch free sliding doors.
 Endwall with Electrical inspection doors.
 Continuous window glass design with provision for emergency exit.
 AC-Ducting arrangement.
 Corrugated FRP roof panel design to improve aesthetics.
 Sunk in type Tip-up seat arrangement.
 On board infotainment system.
 Centralised coach monitoring system.
 Mini pantry and it’s storage area.
 Emergency alarm push buttons inside the compartment.
 Talk back unit inside and out side the compartment.

5.2 Flooring in coaches

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 Decoupling type floor board fixing arrangement similar to LHB
coaches.
 PVC based Flocked floor covering.
 Partition with touch free automatic sliding door.

5.3 Automatic Doors with sensors


 Aluminium honey comb or FRP foam with HPL sheet exterior
doorway partitions.
 Electrically operated inter communication sliding door with
emergency stop provision.
 Concealed type infotainment partition displays.
 Provision for Passenger information system at top partition.
\

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 Chapter.No. 6
Exterior features of Vande Bharat Express

6.1 Gangways/Vestibules:
 Simple Fully Sealed Gangway Vs Fully Sealed Gangways with Inner
and Exterior Fairings
 For contemporary exterior look as well as for free passenger
movement –Gangway with exterior and interior fairings was chosen
 Mounting of exterior fairing required iterations of changes in Inter
Vehicular Electrical Couplers and Roof HT Cable

Vestibules between two coaches

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6.2 Semi-Permanent coupler (SPC)
 Tight Lock CBC couplers on Passenger Coaches –where jerks are
experienced
 Semi Permanent Couplers between Coaches
 In search for Semi Permanent coupler to haul 24 Coaches, ICF zeroed
on CBC draft gear with Semi Permanent Head
 The Coupler is developed by M/s Dellner.
 To Mount the Fully sealed gangway at the same height of the coach
floor (at 1320 mm from rail level), the coupler height has been
reduced to 940mm from 1105 mm.
 This required modification of Coupler pocket on the coach

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 Chapter.No. 7
Train Control And Management Systems (TCMS)

7.1 Major functions of TCMS:

 Interface with Driver Desk
 Pantograph Control
 VCB Control
 Traction Control
 Regenerative Brake Control and total brake calculation
 Brake Blending
 Interface with RMPU control
 Interface with Door control
 Interface with Brake control
 Compressor control
 Parking Brake control
 Light Control.
 Rollback Detection
 Vigilance control
 Cruise Control
 Neutral Section Control
 Test Modes
 Settings through DDU
 Event Recording
 Centralized coach RMPU monitoring system
 All train level protection ( Ex: EOL, EBL, Cab Occupy).

7.2 What is TCMS:

Train control and monitoring system can be viewed as l system capable
of measuring, processing and acting upon an input or combination of
input signals to bring the output to a suitable defined state in order to
fulfill a functional requirement.
A TCMS (Train Control and Monitoring System) is an on-board system
built with the purpose to control and monitor a list of train equipment
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and functional processes. Based on a control and monitoring
architecture, TCMS centralises all the information related to the
operating status of all of the so-called “intelligent” train equipment.
The physical functions to be controlled or monitored may range from
saloon temperature to the share of tractive effort between motor cars in a
multiple unit.
7.3 TCMS in Train 18 units:
 ECN –Ethernet Consist Network
Utilized for communication within a Basic Unit
 ETB –Ethernet Train Backbone (available in TC1 and MC2)
For inter basic unit communication
 Train Line Signal –
i. Communication network loop which originates from Front DTC
and goes to rear end DTC and returns to front DTC. It is
connected CCU1, CC2, MCU, ACU.
ii. It enables and indicates connectivity and continuity between
Driver desk and all coaches of trainset
 FGU –Frequency Generator Unit
If Train Line Signal fails, FGU gets turned on and ensures
connectivity between DTC computers and coach computers. In this
case Vmax reduces to 100 Kmph. Special Rescue Drive mode.
 CAN –Control Area Network
If Both FGU and Train line signal fails, CAN ensures communication
Rescue Drive Mode, Vmax reduces to 60 Kmph

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 Chapter.No. 8
Conclusion
Vande Bharat Express train, also known as Train 18, is a high-speed
electric multiple-unit train that was designed and manufactured in India
by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) Chennai. It is named after the country’s
national song “Vande Mataram” and is considered as a symbol of the
country’s technological advancement in the field of railway
transportation. The Vande Bharat Express is India’s first indigenous
high-speed train, designed and developed by the Integral Coach Factory
(ICF) in Chennai, India. It is a self-propelled electric multiple unit
(EMU) train that offers passengers modern amenities and energy
efficiency. Vande Bharat Express train is also eco-friendly, with 50% of
its components being manufactured locally in India. It is designed to
reduce travel time, improve passenger comfort and safety, and enhance
the overall travel experience for passengers. The train has received
several accolades, including the prestigious Golden Peacock Award for
Excellence in Engineering and Design in 2019. With its impressive
speed, Vande Bharat has become the fastest train in India, serving as a
testament to India’s remarkable engineering and technological
capabilities. The Vande Bharat Express is an enormous source of pride
for India’s railway system, serving as a symbol of the country’s
exceptionalism and showcasing its remarkable engineering and
technological capabilities. It holds immense importance as a source of
national pride. Vande Bharat train equipped with numerous advanced
features, all designed to ensure passengers experience a safe and
comfortable journey. Comprised of 16 coaches, the train boasts 2
executive class coaches and 14 chair car coaches, with a maximum
capacity of 1,128 passengers per journey. Overall, the Vande Bharat
Express train represents a major milestone in the history of Indian
railways and is a testament to the country’s technological prowess in the
field of transportation.

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 Reference

 Manual on Vande Bharat Express.

 Manual of ‘Introduction on Train18’.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express
 https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/VANDE_BH
ARAT_Volume_2.pdf
 https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/VANDE_BH
ARAT_Volume_3_Part_3.pdf
 https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_Coach_Factory

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