TEACHING MUSIC IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

Module 04. Rudiments of Music: Melody, Harmony and Form

I. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the module, the learner is able to:
1. Demonstrate understanding on the elements of music.
2. Analyse and interpret musical composition according to the elements of music.
3. Play on the keyboard the Major Scales.

II. LEARNING CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

II. Melody. It is a succession of related tones expressing an idea of a musical piece.

The tone which makes up a melody has two basic properties, namely:
1. Pitch is the highness or lowness of a tone/note based on the position in staff of
musical piece.
2. Duration is the length of time the tone/note lasts according to the
Time Signature.

III. Harmony is the simultaneous sounding of a series or group of tones related to the
tones of the melody. Melody and harmony are interrelated.

Harmony is the vertical relationship between a melody and its accompanying

chords of a music piece. Below is an example of musical composition with
harmony.

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 D. Form is the structural organization of musical composition.
Form is the beauty of the music piece.
D1. Simple Forms
1. Trough. It is a short musical composition with one part only.
Example is “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”

2. Binary. Has two different melodic parts of ideas. ( A B)

Example is “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”

3. Ternary. Has two basic ideas or parts and ends with the repetition of the
first idea/part. (ABA)

Example: “All Things Bright and Beautiful”

Refrain means repeat and the end of the music piece.
D.C. al fine/refrain means go back from the beginning and end at fine.
Fine means end.

LEARNING THE SONG: All Things Bright and Beautiful

Refrain:

All things bright and beautiful, all creatures great and small.
All things wise and wonderful, the Lord God made them all.
1. Each little flow’r that opens, each little bird that sings.
He made their glowing colors, He made their tiny wings.
2. The purple-headed mountain, the river running by.
The sunset and the morning that brighten up the sky.
3. The cold wind in the winter, the pleasant summer sun
The ripe fruits in the garden, He made them ev’ry one.
4. The tall trees in the greenwood, the meadows where we play.
The rushes by the water, we gather ev’ry da

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D2. Larger Forms. Have three or more complicated and interrelated ideas/parts.
Complications vary in terms of changes in key signature or pitch, time
signature, tempo, mood or dynamics,
and the like. Example: “Lupang Hinirang” ( A B C)

Music Interpretation of Larger Forms

A. Tempo is the speed of musical composition. Below are the musical terms
of tempo.
Largo – very slow
Adagio – slow
Andante – walking pace
Andantino – a little faster than andante
Allegreto – moderately fast
Allegro - fast
Presto - very fast
Accelerando - gradually becoming faster
Ritardando - gradually becoming slower ( rit.)
Fermata - hold or prolong the duration of the note.
fermata

B. Dynamics refers to the loudness or softness of the music. Below are the musical
terms
and symbols of dynamics.

Symbol Term Meaning

ppp pianisissimo very very soft (softest)

pp pianissimo very soft (softer)
p piano soft
mp mezzo piano moderately soft
mf mezzo forte moderately loud
f forte loud
ff fortissimo very loud (louder)
fff fortisissimo very very loud (loudest)
cresc. crescendo gradually becoming louder
decres. decrescendo gradually becoming softer
dim. diminuendo gradually becoming softer

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 C. Mood refers to the emotion of the music. Below are the musical terms of
dynamics.

Term Meaning

Vivace energetically
Dolce sweetly
Maestoso majestically
Animato with spirit
Sostenuto sustained
Staccato detach in singing or playing the notes
Marcha Marching style

D. Phasing refers to the proper breathing while singing or playing the series of
tones/notes of the music piece.

E. Blending refers to the correct singing of tones of the harmony of the music
piece. It means producing proper tonal quality of voices to come up with
good harmony.

F. Timbre refers to the tone produced by a musical instrument.

LEARNING ACTIVITY: Analysis and Interpretation of “Lupang Hinirang”

Print the hard copy of “Lupang Hinirang” for analysis and interpretation.

KEY SIGNATURE of the MAJOR SCALE

Project : Model of a Keyboard

Chromatic/Accidental Signs: These are symbols written before the head of the
note that indicate whether a note will lower, or higher the tone, or back to its
original tone.

Figure 14

. Single Flat. A symbol written before the head of the note which
indicates that the note will be lowered by half step/tone DOWN.

Double Flats. Symbols written before the head of the note which
indicates that the note will be lowered two half steps or whole tone
DOWN.

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 Figure 13

Single sharp. A symbol written before the

head of the note which indicates that the
note will be raised by half step/tone UP.

X Double Sharps. A symbol written before the

head of the note which indicates that the
note will be raised by two half steps or
whole tone UP.

Natural Sign . This means that the pitch of the note will go back to its the
original pitch which was previously played with flat or sharp.

KEY SIGNATURES are groups of sharps and flats found at the beginning of the
staff
of any musical composition. It indicates the correct pitch of any musical
composition.

The major scale on the staff refers to the eight tones called octave of
different pitch from lower do to higher do.
Key of C has the perfect intervals of pattern in forming the major scale.
This is the reason it has no flat or sharp. Interval is the distance of
each tone in the scale located on the staff (line/space).
Each tone of the staff has an interval of half tone. The white & black Keys on the
piano/organ/keyboard possesses half tone.

●The constant pattern or formula in forming the Major Scale is:

WS WS HS WS WS WS HS
Whole Step, Whole Step, Half Step, Whole Step, Whole Step, Whole Step, Half Step
2 Whole Steps ½ Step 3 Whole Steps ½ Step

WS WS HS WS WS WS HS

do re mi fa sol la ti do

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 THE MAJOR SCALES

Key of C: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C
(Lower Do) (Higher Do)
Major Scales of Sharp

ACRONYM
Go Key of G Major Scale: G – A – B – C – D – E – F♯ – G
L-Do H-Do

Down: Key of D Major Scale: D – E – F♯ – G – A – B – C♯ – D

L-Do H-Do

And: Key of A Major Scale: A – B – C♯ – D – E – F♯ – G♯ – A

L-Do H-Do

Eat: Key of E Major Scale: E – F♯ – G♯ – A – B – C♯ – D♯ – E

L-Do H-Do

Before: Key of B Major Scale: B - C♯ - D♯ - E - F♯ -G♯ - A♯ - B

L-Do H-Do

Father: Key of F♯ major Scale: F♯ - G♯ - A♯ - B - C♯ - D♯ - E♯ - F♯

L-Do H-Do

Comes: Key of C♯ major Scale: C♯ - D♯ - E♯ - F♯ - G♯ - A♯ -B♯- C♯

L-Do H-Do
Major Scales of Flats:

ACRONYM

Five: Key of F major scale: F– G - A - B - C– D- E– F

Boys: Key of B major scale: B - C– D - E F– G - A- B

Eat: Key of E major scale: E - F - G - A– B– C- D- E

Apples: Key of A major scale: A - B - C - D - E - F - G -A

During: Key of D major scale: D - E - F - G -A - B - C -D

Good: Key of G major scale: G - A - B - C - D - E - F -G

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Climate: Key of C major scale: C - D E - F - G - A - B - C

EED 308. TEACHING MUSIC IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

Module 04. Rudiments of Music: Melody, Harmony and Form
S.Y. 2023-2024

Complete Name: ___________________________________________________

III. GRADED CLASSROOM LEARNING ACTIVITIES

All are classroom setting activities

LA20. Graded Seat Work Exercises of the Major Scales

Seat Works on Accidental Signs -
Seat Works on Major Scales -

LA21. Playing the Major Scales on the keyboard .

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Written and Prepared:
LAINE T. TUMAMANG, PH.D.
Professor, Professional Education Courses

Date Accomplished: __________ Signed: __________________________

Laine Tandayu- Tumamang, Ph.D.

Date Submitted: _____________ Signed: __________________________

Laine Tandayu- Tumamang, Ph.D.

Student’s Signature: _______________

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