Republic of the Philippines

Mati National Comprehensive High School

GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND

Mangga St., Barangay Sainz, Mati City Davao Oriental

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS HABITUATED BY

COMMUNITIES RESIDING IN BARANGAY TAGUIBO, CITY OF MATI, DAVAO
ORIENTAL

A Quantitative Research Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department of
Mati National Comprehensive

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Track in GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND

Submitted by:

Curt Angelo Luague

Merry Luz Monday

Lucy Mae Daganio

Submitted to:

Mrs. Anabelle Baldoz

March 2019
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Plants had been used for many purposes particularly for medication.
It's widely known for over decades due to its purposive and significant
effects. Plants are also an important potential source to cure different
ailments and diseases especially to those who live in rural places that is far
from hospital and clinics. The use of medicinal plants has acquired a
primary role in health system not just in the Philippines but around the
world as well. This includes that the use of medicinal plants is not only for
treatment but also for sustaining good health (Moerman, 2007).

Medicinal plants or herbal plants had been used globally. In Kerala,

many local people depend on indigenous medicines (herbal plants) because
they have no enough to go around the city to buy medicines, instead, the
traditional healer acts as the core of the community taking more advantage
to cure local people from their different ailments (Runyoro et al., 2006).

In China, people used medicinal plants for their healthy rituals and
developed their traditional medical systems in which herbal therapies were
used systematically (Landicho et al., 2018).

Long before the origination of modern and herbal medicines had been
used and introduced in the Philippines.

Medicinal plants or herbs play a vital role in gaining popularity to the

local Filipinos. The curative effects of the herbs were tested and approved by
traditional healers on their patient. The knowledge and skills by the
traditional healers of any given herbal medicine has been passed from
generation to generation (Oladeji, 2016).
Rationale of the Study

Medicinal plants had been widely known for its purposive and
significant effect to human's health. This study focused on the
documentation of medicinal plants used to treat various diseases in Brgy.
Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.

A structured interview was conducted to 30 informants in order to

determine medicinal plants and their uses in traditional therapies. The data
were collected using quantitative indices such as Use Value (UV), and
Informant Concensus Factor (ICF). A total of 36 medicinal plants distributed
in 29 families were collected and identified used in 14 categories of diseases.
Plant family with the highest medicinal plants in the study area is used for
various treatment diseases was Malvaceae. Plants with the highest recorded
UV's were Virtex negundo Linn (7.67%) and, Momordica charantia Linn
(4.13%). The highest ICF value (1.00) was cited for category 12 (Diseases of
the ear).

The study illustrates that Brgy. Taguibo shows the rich tradition in
medicinal knowledge. Nevertheless, this study could open an opportunity for
medicinal research and serve as a reference for future quantitative medicinal
plants investigation.

Statement of the Problem

This study is intent to discover the different medicinal plants used by

the residents in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the species compositions of medicinal plants habituated by the

residents in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental?
2. What are the importance and used of herbal plants to the local people in
Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental?

3. What are the different preparation before taking medicinal plants?

Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to monitor the species of plants used by

the local people in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental. This study was
specifically conducted to (1) document the medicinal plants and their use in
traditional therapies, and (2) to evaluate the medicinal plant knowledge and
practices of the people in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study may benefit the following:

Community. Medicinal plants will serve as the major remedy in traditional

system of medicine. People living in the area apply these different species of
plants as a medicine to various ailments and diseases.

College Students of Medical Courses. Students in college who are taking

up coursesin line with medicine would also be the beneficiary of this study
because this will help them when it comes to proper integration of herbal in
the medical system and this study will help for their future.

Government officials. This study may support in establishing actions for

conservation and protection of medicinal plants.

Future Researchers. This study is essential for future researchers to make

similar studies to improve and enrich the quality of herbal services to the
Filipino people. We the researchers do believe that this study will serve as
the source of data regarding to herbalism and this study will lead for the
promotion of healthy living for neutralizing different diseases.
Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to classify and identify medicinal plants based on

their purpose in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental. This study
focuses on the basic guidelines about medicinal plants that are used for
treatment and prevention of diseases, ailments, and promotion of good
health has been considered.

The study was conducted in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.
Field observation was conducted on the month of January and February
2019.

Thesis Statement

Medicinal plants play a vital role due to its purposive and essentiality
in terms of its therapeutic effects. It is used by the local residents to treat
various ailments and diseases.
 Definition of Terms

Diversity A variety of medicinal plants that have in

general class but differ
incharacteristics and its uses.

Habituated To cause a person or residents to familiar

with and used to a particular
place

Medicinal Plants Plants that has similar properties as

conventional pharmaceutical
drugs. It’s a traditional way to
cure difficult ailments and diseases.

Preventive Medicine Type of medication wherein it prevents

or avert from kinds of
diseases

Superstition Lack of a scientific knowledge. A viewpoint or

misconception in using of
medicinal plants that result
from ignorance in using it

Therapeutic Producing good effects on the body

regarding on the medicinal plants
used.
Traditional Healer A person in a primitive society who uses
plants to treat a person suffering from various
illnesses and diseases. Methods used by
traditional healers include the use of
leases and roots.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Related Literature

Characteristics of Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plant is defined as any plant which, in one or more its

organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or
which are precursors for chemo_pharmaceutical semi-syntheis (Ahmed, 2011)
and Study.com (2013) stated that it is typically has an important oils in the
parts of the plants. According to Hasaan (2012), medicinal plants have many
characteristics when used as a treatment and it can be Synergic medicine,
Support of official medicine and Preventive medicine. First, synergic
medicine, the ingredients of plants all interact simultaneously, so their uses
can destroy or damage others or neutralize their possible negative effects.
Second, support of official medicine, the treatment of difficult cases like
cancer diseases the components of the plants proved to be very effective.
Lastly, preventive medicine is medical practices that are designed to avert
and avoid diseases (Medicinenet, 2004).

Importance of Medicinal Plants

Medicinal Plants have played an imperative role in the survival of

human race (Singh, 2015). In fact, medicinal plants are the key to
maintaining the health population that habilitate and sustain the economy
(Bukar, B et.al, 2013).Medicinal plants have already used in all cultures
that become sources of medicine. Assurance of the safety, quality, and
efficacy. In several developing countries, using medicinal or herbal plants
are still mainstay of healthcare (Ahmad, 2009). It was shown by Hamilton
(2003), India has 2.4% of worlds area with 8% of global biodiversity. The
resources of new drugs are come from medicinal plants and it estimated
more than 25,000 flower plant species (SPG, 2015).

As users, medicinal plants are an important resource and have

contributed significantly to human beings against disease and maintaining
of their health (WHO, 1998). In the Philippines, traditional system of
medicine and medicinal plants for healthcare are still as much as 80 percent
of indigenous people depends on it (Bennerman et.al, 1983). In addition,
this past few years in the Philippines, the use of medicinal plants or herbs
has been increasing and expected that in the near future it may have an
increasingly valuable role in sustainable development and biodiversity
conservation (Rajasekaran and Warren, 1994). Most people in some
countries experiencing different diseases from severe diseases and this is
more evident in some countries wherein the population growth is
continually increasing (Kaplan and Mathers, 2011). Moreover, without
plants humans, animals and other living organisms cannot survive in a way
of living that it should be (JHP, 2015).

Plants have been utilized as medicine for thousand years

(Samuelsson, 2004). Cragg and Newman (2005), throughout the years,
human being had depends on nature especially for their basic needs, for the
production such as food, shelter, clothing, transportation, fertilizers and
medicines. It was stated by Farnsworth et. al., (1985), more than 50% of all
drugs in clinical used in world today and higher plants contribute no less
than 25% of the total. However, in some countries, use of medicinal plants
is often superstition; people do not have the scientific knowledge to explain
how to use it (Boehme, 1982). Santos (2007) the scientific achievements
from the recent decades and their large socialization have encouraged the
monoculture of scientific information in the health skills practices.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used an Descriptive Method Design wherein a quantitative

analysis was utilized in the abundance, types and characteristics of
medicinal plants in Brgy. Taguibo City of Mati, Davao Oriental.

The Sample
 The samples were collected in Brgy. Taguibo, City of Mati, Davao
Oriental. Samples were collected on December and January. Before the
study was conducted, prior consent was submitted to the Brgy. Ofiicials in
Brgy. Taguibo and assistance of the study to be conducted.

Figure 1. Map of Brgy. Taguibo, City of Mati, Davao Orien

Sampling Method

A systematic sampling method were used in selecting the informants who

accepted the survey questionnaire in their own free will and with no
hesitation. Every 74 persons in the census with the total of 30 participants
was given the questionnaire with age range of 18-90 years old in community
residing in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.

The Instrument
The instrument used in the study was researcher-made survey
questionnaire which indicates the follow up questions (open ended & close
ended) such as name, gender, age, number of use, use part and
preparation . The respondent should be able to answer the questions
properly that can be used for the data collection and analization. Moreover,
observation is also needed to foreknow the environment and the plants that
are present in the surroundings.

Ecosystem (Trees, Forest, Garden)

The research indicates the surrounding being involved in the study since it
illustrates the living organisms called medicinal plants that can be used to
heal and for medical purposes. Medicinal plant can be found anywhere as
long as the soil is healthy

Local Name/English Name

Using the local name, the plants can be known and easily identify by the
beneficiaries. The names of the plant had a great significance for the usage
of these living organisms present in the ecosystem. According to Singh
(2008), local name given to plant by people in their local dialect gives a great
understanding. After which, the local names of the plants that is used in
Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental will be translated into english
language. This illustration will help the community to comprehend the study
conducted in the area.

Scientific Name

According to Shields (2018), scientific names are used to describe various

species of organisms in a way that is universal so that scientists around the
globe can readily identify the medicinal plabts. Using scientific names may
strengthen the research and eleminates the confusion between various
composition and local names of plants.

Part Use (Leaf, Stem, Flower, Root, Seed, Whole plant)

The respondents will determine the part of medicinal plants that they
usually used to cure their ailments. Medicinal plants can heal diseases in
different arts of the plant that contains different acrive ingredients (United
States Department of Agriculture, 2016).

Preparation methods of medicinal plants (Chewing, Boiling, Cooking,

Rubbing, Crushing, Powdering)
Medicinal plants has various way of administration before it will taken.
There are effective preparations braced by the local community (Kebebew,
2017).

Use Categories

This research was divided into different categories to emphasize diseases

that can be healed by the medicinal plants according to Arup Consult (2018)
;1)Allergic Disease, 2)Oncologic Disease, 3) Neurologic Disease, 4) Infectious
and Parasitic Disease, 5)Pulmonary Disease, 6)Respiratory Disease,
7)Circulatory Disease, 8) Endocrine and Metabolic Disease 9) Genitourinary
Disease 10) Skin Disease 11) Eye Disease 12) Ear Disease 13) Symptoms,
signs, and abnormal findings and 14) Injury and poisoning consequences.

Statistical Tools Used: Quantitative

Use Report Index (UR)

Use report (Ur) was used in the research paper of Amiguet et al., (2005) to
identify the number of mentioned used in a particular purpose.

Informant Consensus Factor

Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) was first used by (Zashim Uddin,

2014). It was used to analyze the agreement degree of the informants’
medicinal knowledge about each category.

The high ICF values (approach to 1.00) are obtained when only one or
a few plant species are reported by a high to be used by a high proportion of
informants for a particular category, whereas low ICF values indicate that
informants disagree over which plant to use.

Data Collection Procedure

Asking Permission to Conduct the Study. The researcher sent a letter of

permission to conduct the study in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao
Oriental. A prior consent was acquired from the informants through the
assistance of the Brgy. Captain in Brgy. Taguibo and other members that is
in charge in the welfare of the community. Before it was conducted, some
consultation and discussion happened regarding to the medicinal plants for
the assurance and approval of the study to be conducted. After which, the
researcher was accredited to conduct.

Administration of the Questionnaire. Researcher-made survey

questionnaire were administered to the residents in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati
City, Davao Oriental on January was considered as respondents.

Retrieval of the questionnaires. The researchers administered the

questionnaires to the respondents, which was then retrieved soon after the
respondents was done answering them.

Data Analysis Procedure

Use Value

UV =(∑ U I )/ N I

Where U I , is the number of use reports cited by each informant for a

given species, and N is the total number of informants.

UVs are high when there are many use reports for a plant, implying that
the plant is important, and low approach (approach to 0) when there are few
use reports.

Informant Consensus Factor

Where, Nur = number of use reports from informants for a particular plant
use category; Nt = number of taxa or species of plant that are used for that
plant use category for all informant.

CHAPTER IV
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Medicinal Plants of the Study Area

A total of 36 medicinal plant species belonging to 31 families namely:

Basallaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Malvaceae, Labiateae,
Mimosaceae, Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae,
Convulvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Verbaneceae, Zingerberaceae, Graminaceae,
Moringaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, Arecaceae, Apocynaceae, Musaceae,
Bromeliaceae, Compositae, Umbelliferae, Rubiaceae, Gramineae, Meliaceae,
Anonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, were used by the local communities
to treat 42 human ailments (Table 1). Malvaceae was the leading family in
medicinal plants.

Local Name: Alugbati

Family Name: Malabar Night

Shade

Scientific Name: Basella alba

Medicinal Use: Flow of Urine,

Gonorrhea,

Allergic Reaction

Part Use: Leaves and Roots

Local Name: Ampalaya

Family Name: Bitter Gourd

Scientific Name: Momordica

charantia Linn.

Medicinal Use: Diabetes, Kidney

Stones, Liver Diseases

Part Use: Fruit and Leaves

Local Name: Bayabas

Family Name: Myrtaceae

Scientific Name: Psidium guajava

Linn.

Medicinal Use: Diarrhea and Skin

Ulcers

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Kakaw

Family Nmae:
Sterculiaceae/Malvaceae

Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao

L.

Medicinal Use: Spots from the face

Parts Use: Seed

Local Name: Buyo

Family Name: Piperaceae

Scientific Name: Piper

abbreviatum Opiz
Local Name: Gumamela

Family Name: Malvaceae

Scientific Name: Hibiscus

rosasinensis Linn

Medicinal Use: Coughs and Colds

Part Use: Whole Plant

Local Name: Yerba Buena

Family Name: Labiateae

Scientific Name: Mentha arvensis

Linn.

Medicinal Use: Headache and

Toothache

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Madre de cacao

Family Name: Fabaceae

Scientific Name: Gliricidia sepium

(Jacq) de Wit

Medicinal Use: Colds, burns,

cough, fever, headache

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Ipil-Ipil

Family Name: Mimosaceae

Scientific Name: Leucaena

leucocephala

Medicinal Use: Skin toner,

dandruff and anti
cancerous

Part Use: Seed

Local Name: Kamoteng Kahoy

Family Name: Euphorbiaceae

Scientific Name: Manihot

esculante Crantz

Medicinal Use: Ulcer, skin rashes

and skin itchiness

Part Use: Stem

 Local Name: Kalamansi

Family Name: Rutaceae

Scientific Name: Citrus x

microcarpa

Medicinal Use: Colds and flu, tooth

decay and dandruff

Part Use: Fruit

Local Name: Mangga

Family Name: Anacardiaceae

Scientific Name: Mangifera indica

Linn
Medicinal Use: Regular diabetes,
cures respiratory problem

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Lagundi

Family Name: Verbenaceae

Scientific Name: Vitex negundo

Linn.

Medicinal Use: Coughs, colds,

fever, headache, asthma

Part Use: Leaves

 Local Name: Luya

Family Name: Zingiberaceae

Scientific Name: Zingiber

officinale Roscoe

Medicinal Use: Morning sickness,

osteoarthritis, nausea and vomitting

Part Use: Roots

Local Name: Makahiya

Family Name:
Mimosoideae/Mimosaceae

Scientific Name: Mimosa pudica

Linn.

Medicinal Use: Liver disease,

constipation, kidney problems

Part Use: Whole plant

Local Name: Mais

Family Name: Graminaceae

Scientific Name: Zea mays

Medicinal Use: Urinary problem,

kidney stones

Part Use: Whole plant

 Local Name: Malunggay

Family Name: Moringeae

Scientific Name: Moringa oliefera

Lam

Medicinal Use: Lower blood sugar

level, headache,
antiinfection, sprains

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Mayana

Family Name: Lamiaceae

Scientific Name: Plectranthus

scutellariodes (L.) R. Br.

Medicinal Use: Sore, swelling and

diarrhea

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Niyog-niyogan

Family Name: Moraceae

Scientific Name: Ficus

pseudopalma Blanco

Medicinal Use: Expel worms, anti

cancer, headaches

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Palmyra

Family Name: Arecaceae

Scientific Name: Borassus

flabellifer L.

Medicinal Use: Expel worms,

respiratory ailments and skin
problem

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Pandakaki-puti

Family Name: Apocynaceae

Scientific Name: Tabernaemontana

pandacaqui Poir

Medicinal Use: Menstruation

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Okra

Family Name: Malvaceae

Scientific Name: Abelmoschus

esculantes (Linn.) Moench

Medicinal Use: Pneumonia,

bronchitis, urinary problem and
tuberculosis

Part Use: Fruit

Local Name: Gabon

Family Name: Compositae

Scientific Name: Blumea

balsamifera (Linn.) DC.

Medicinal Use: UTI, High blood,

anti-diarrheal

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Saging

Family Name: Musaceae

Scientific Name: Musa x

paradisiacal L.

Medicinal Use: Ulcer, diarrhea

and asthma

Part Use: Whole plant

Local Name: Oregano

Family Name: Lamiaceae

Scientific Name: Plectranthus

amboinicus (Lour) Spreng.

Medicinal Use: Cold sores,

muscle pain, acne, dandruff,
bronchitis, toothache, blood
conditions, allergies, intestinal
parasites

Part Use: Leaves

 Local Name: Gutocola

Family Name: Umbelliferae

Scientific Name: Centella asiatica

(L.) Urb.

Medicinal Use: Improved blood

circulation

Part Use: Leavea

Local Name: Tanglad

Family Name: Gramineae

Scientific Name: Cymbopogon

citrates (DC.) Stapf

Medicinal Use: Vomitting,

diarrhea, headache,
dysmenorrhea, insomnia or
sleeplessness

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Pinya

Family Name: Bromeliaceae Local Name: Santan

Scientific Name: Ananas comosus Family Name: Rubiaceae

Medicinal Use: Cure TB disease, Scientific Name: Ixora coccinea

flu, cough, diarrhea Linn.

Medicinal Use: Wounds, skin ulcer,

nausea, sore throat

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Hilbas

Family Name: Compositae

Scientific Name: Artemisia

vulgaris Linn.

Medicinal Use: Epilipsy, irregular

menstrual period

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Neem Tree

Family Name: Meliaceae

Scientific Name: Azadirachta indica A.

Juss

Medicinal Use: Ulcer, cough, eye

problem, skin diseases

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name Tawa-tawa:

Family Name: Euphorbiaceae

Scientific Name: Euphorbia hirta

Linn.

Medicinal Use: Lower blood

pressure, anti bacterial, fever and
asthma

Part Use: Leaves

 Local Name: Guyabano

Family Name: Anonacae

Scientific Name: Annona

muricata

Medicinal Use: Anti cancer, back

pain, prevent UTI

Part Use: Leaves

Local Name: Amarillo

Family Name: Asteraceae

Scientific Name: Tagetes erecta

L.

Medicinal Use: Infections of skin,

animal bites

Part Use: Leaves

Plant Parts Used to Treat Human Diseases

People of the study area harvest different plant parts for the
preparation of traditional remedies (e.g., leaves, roots, seeds, whole plant,
stem, and fruit). In the study area, the most constantly used plant parts in
this study are the leaves (66.67%) followed by the fruits and stem (8.33%) as
shown in Figure 1. The results of this study were similar in other studies in
the Philippines (Langenberger et al., 2009; Balagcod and Balagcod, 2011 ;
Olowa et al., 2012).

Plants Part Used

2.78%2.78%
8.33%
8.33% Leaves
Whole Plants
Fruits
Stem
Roots
66.67 Seed
%

11.11
%

Figure 1. Plant parts used in human traditional medicine.

The leaves which exist in most of the plants as well as the fruits and
stem make by the community as materials for traditional remedies. This is
because it is believed that leaves, fruits and stem contain more
concentration of the active ingredients.

On the other hand, the medicinal plant parts that are rarely used by
the residents are roots (2.78%) , and seed (2.78%).

Preparation and administration

Some of the most commonly used methods of preparation is by boiling

(57.90%), and cooking (13.16%) as shown in Figure 2. Boiling and cooking is
the most common preparation and administration by the residents due to its
simple way and convenience it provides to the residents. In addition, most of
the residents perceived that these kind of preparation is more effective and
effecient for different ailments owing to the heat it brings when taking
externally. In contast, rubbing (5.27%), powdering (5.27%), chewing (7.90%), and
crushing (10.52%) are mode of preparation were occasionally used.

Preparation and Administration

10.52%
7.90%
Boiling
5.27% Cooking
5.27% Rubbing
Powdering

57.90 Chewing
Crushing
%
13.16
%
Figure 2. Mode of preparation of human medicinal plants in the study area.
 Growth17.97%
73.24%Form of Medicinal Plants

8.75%

Garden
Forest
Trees

Figure 3. The habits (growth forms) of medicinal plants used to treat human
ailments in the study area.

Use Value (UV)

The five plants with the highest UVs are Euphorbia hirta Linn (9.97%) used in 3 categories,
Virtex negundo Linn (7.67%) used by single category, Momordica charantia Linn (4.13%)

used by single category, Plectranthus amboinicus (3.86%) used in 5 categories and

Moringa Oleifera Lam (3.83%) used in 3 categories. The medicinal plants
with the highest UV signify species that are considered most important by
the residents in Brgy. Taguibo as shown in their number of use reports in
Table 1. It reveals that the informants have high rate of dissemination of
expertise about medicinal plants and their use.
Table 1

Medicinal plants used by the residents in Brgy. Taguibo, Mati City, Davao Oriental.

Plant Scientific Name Local Name No. of use Use No. of

no. report Value catego
ry

1 Basella alba Alugbati 98 3.27 1,6 &

9

2 Momordica charantia Ampalaya 124 4.13 8

Linn.

3 Psidium guajava Linn. Bayabas 102 3.4 13

4 Piper abbreviatum Buyo 30 1 13

Opiz

5 Theobroma cacao L. Kakaw 35 1.17 4

6 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Gumamela 19 0.63 4

Linn.

7 Mentha arvensis Linn. Yerba Buena 91 3.03 13

8 Leucaena Ipil-ipil 89 2.97 2 &10

leucocephala (Lam.) de
Wit

9 Gliricidia sepium Madre de 37 1.23 6&10

(Jacq.) Steud. cacao
10 Citrus x microcarpa Kalamansi 102 3.4 4, 6 &
Bunge 13

11 Manihot esculenta Kamoteng 33 1.1 10 &

Crantz kahoy 13

12 Mangifera indica Linn. Mangga 18 0.6 5, 6, 8

& 12

13 Ipomoea aquatica Kangkong 60 2 8&9

Forsk.

14 Bryophyllum Kataka-taka 25 0.83 14

pinnatum (Lam.) Oken

15 Vitex negundo Linn. Lagundi 230 7.67 6

16 Zingiber officinale Luya 22 0.73 9

Roscoe

17 Zea mays Mais 13 0.43 6

18 Mimosa pudica Linn. Makahiya 20 0.67 9 &

10

19 Moringa oleifera Lam. Malunggay 115 3.83 1, 8 &

13

20 Plectranthus Mayana 29 0.97 11

scutellarioides (L.) R.
 Br.

21 Ficus pseudopalma Niyog- 83 2.77 2,6,9

Blanco niyogan & 13

22 Abelmoschus Okra 45 1.5 5&6

esculentus (Linn.)
Moench.

23 Borassus flabellifer L. Palmyra 41 1.37 10 &

14

24 Plectranthus Oregano 116 3.86 1, 6,

amboinicus (Lour.) 10,
Spreng. 12,
and
13

25 Tabernaemontana Pandakaki- 19 0.63 9

pandacaqui Poir. puti

26 Musa x paradisiaca L. Saging 108 3.6 1&6

27 Ananas comosus (L.) Pinya 87 2.9 1,5,6,

Merr. 13 &
14

28 Blumea balsamifera Gabon 65 2.17 9

(Linn.) DC.

29 Centella asiatica (L.) Gutocola 82 2.73 7

Urb.
 30 Ixora coccinea Linn. Santan 55 1.83 1,6 &
14

31 Cymbopogon citratus Tanglad 112 3.73 13 &

(DC.) Stapf 14

32 Azadirachta indica A. Neem Tree 104 3.47 6,10,1

Juss. 1 &
13

33 Artemisia vulgaris Hilbas 60 2 3&9

Linn.

34 Annona muricata L. Guyabano 48 1.6 2&9

35 Euphorbia hirta Linn. Tawa-tawa 299 9.97 4,6 &

13

36 Tagetes erecta L. Amarillo 34 1.13 10

Informant Consensus Factor (ICF)

The ICF value of each of the 14 categories was computed using use reports, and
ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 as shown in Table 2. Category 12 (Disease of the ear) showed
highest ICF values of 1.00 because all of the informants agreed of using only a single
species for each category.

There are six (6) categories exposed with the ICF value of 0.99 (categories 1, 4,6,8,11
and 13). Category 1 revealed that the informants used 7 medicinal plsnt taxa with 455 use
reports; category 6 revealed 15 plant taxa with 1,395 use reports; category 8 having 3 plant
taxa and 317 use reports; category 11 disclosed 2 plant taxa with 133 use report and
category 13 discovered 12 plant species with 1,084 use reports. The result might be due to
the wide range of disease under each category
Table 2

Categories of diseases, Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) of notable
plants

Categ Category Reported No. of No. ICF Frequent Particula

ory no Name Diseases or use of ly used r disease
uses under report tax species or
each category a purpose

1 Allergic Allergy, Food 579 7 0.99 Basella Allergy

Disease Allergy, Drug alba
Allergy,
Allergic
Asthma,
Peanut Allergy

2 Oncologic Cancer, 131 4 0.98 Annona Anti

Disease Tumor, Non- muricata cancer
small lung L.
cancer

3 Neurologic Epililipsy, 60 2 0.98 Artemisi Epilipsy

Disease Sclerosis, a
Neurological vulgaris
disorder, Linn.
tremor, spinal
cord injury,
encephalitis,
brain damage

4 Infectious Chicken pox, 455 7 0.99 Euphorb Dengue

and dengue fever, ia hirta fever
Parasitic white spot, Linn.
Disease measles, colds,
hepatitis

5 Pulmonary Pulmonary 150 5 0.97 Abelmos Tubercul

 Dieease hypertension, chus osis
edema, lung esculent
cancer, us (Linn.
tuberculosis,
bronchiectasis,
respiratory
failure,
silicosis,
pulmonary
aspiration

6 Respiratory Asthma, sore 1,395 15 0.99 Vitex Cough

Disease throat, cough negundo with
with phleghm, Linn. phleghm
pneumonia,
bronchitis,
shortness of
breath, lower
respiratory
tract infection,
bronchiolitis,
hypoxemia

7 Circulatory High blood, 82 3 0.97 Centella High

Disease anemia, proper asiatica blood
blood (L.) Urb.
circulation
enhancer

8 Endocrine Diabetes, 317 3 0.99 Momordi Diabetes

and goiter ca
Metabolic charanti
Disease a Linn.

9 Genitourina Kidney stones, 475 10 0.98 Blumea UTI

ry Disease UTI, delayed balsamif
menstruation, era
urination (Linn.)
difficulty, DC.
dysmenorrhea
10 Skin Pimple, 474 10 0.98 Leucaen Dandruff
Disease ingrowing nail, a
hair loss, leucocep
dandruff, hala
infection, skin (Lam.) de
rash, Wit
irritation,
ringworm,
burn

11 Eye Disease Blindness, 133 2 0.99 Azadirac Eye

cataract, eye hta disease
disorder, indica A.
vision Juss
impairment,
swelling,
irritation

12 Ear Disease Ear ache 116 1 1.0 Mangifer Ear ache

a indica
Linn.

13 Symptoms, Backache, 1,084 12 0.99 Mentha Headach

signs and abdominal arvensis e
abnormal pain, body Linn.
findings aches,
headache,
fever, 'pasmo'

14 Injury and Fracture, 320 6 0.98 Bryophyl Sprain

Poisoning sprain, animal lum
consequenc bites, insect pinnatu
es bites, m (Lam.)
poisoning Oken

CHAPTER V
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

Findings of the study had indicated that, the study site is rich in
knowledge on traditional medicinal plants and their uses which were
combined with the cultivation of the local people. Malvaceae was the most
used plant family for the treatment of different ailments in the area. Most of
the plants were collected from the gardens and trees.

This indicates that the culture of the people has intention on

biodiversity conservation. Different quantitative analysis shows that the
abundance and knowledge is extravagant for the communities and in the
future generation.

This study also signifies that the knowledge on local medicinal plants
collected and evaluated would bestow to a great potential discovery of new
drugs to cure different diseases. Nevertheless, this study could open an
opportunity for future research and serve as reference around the
Philippines.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers recommend the following future studies:

1. The community should give emphasis on the essentiality of raising

awareness in the preservation and conservation of medicinal plants.

2. Joint collaboration of future projects to Local Government Units (LGU),

Non Government Officer (NGO) and other government agencies in line to
medicine and herbal therapist.
3. Make information about the standard medicinal plants
recommended by the Department of Health (DOH) and provincial
hospitals/clinic in the area.
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 Documentation

Plate 1. Field Observation of the Study Area

Plate 3. Giving of research questions to the respondents.