CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGES
National Service Training Program
Literacy Training Service

MODULE 3:
VALUES DEVELOPMENT
FOR CITIZENSHIP
TRAINING

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CHAPTER 3: VALUES DEVELOPMENT FOR CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:

1. Define and expound on the nature and philosophical values of being a Filipino;

2. Cite popular Filipino values of good citizenship; and

3. Relate the concepts discussed to real-life situations.

THE PREAMBLE

The preamble to the 1987 Constitution states; "We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring th aid
of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall
embody our ideals and aspiration, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessing of independence and democracy under the rule
of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution" (De Leon etc al.,2011).

A preamble is an introductory and preliminary statement in a document that explains the

document's purpose and underlying philosophy. It may site historical facts, pertinent to the subject of
the statute. The preamble to the constitution of the Philippines dictates that Philippines and the Filipino
people are the sovereign masters of the Philippine Islands.

PHILOSOPHY OF VALUES

Understanding the philosophy of human values is necessary in understanding Filipino values such
as family closeness and solidarity (pagkamalapit at pagkakaisa ng pamilya), politeness (pagkamagalang
through the use of po or opo), hospitality, and gratitude (utang na loob).

Values are both subjective and objective. They involve a subject or person who values (e.g.,a
young girl) and an object or value to be realized (e.g., pagkamahinhin). Justice is objective because it is a
value that should be realized by all. There is a difference between value and disvalue such as pleasure
and pain, life and death, poverty and affluence, heroism and cowardice, truth and falsehood, right and
wrong, holiness and sinfulness. The difference is not in the mind or simply a matter of personal taste or
preference. It is real and evident.

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FILIPINO VALUES

What are Filipino values? What is distinctly Filipino in our value system? The Filipino values
system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in this particular
place and time. We speak of Filipino values in fourfold sense.

1. It is obvious that certain values take on a distinctively Filipino flavor for us. The greek ideal of
moderation or meden again, the Roman in medio stat virtus, and the Confucian and Buddhist
doctrine of the middle way or path, find their Filipino equivalent in walang labis, walang kulang,
or katamtaman lamang.
2. Speaking of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values are absent in
the value systems of other peoples and cultures. All people eat, talk, and sing; but they eat a
variety of food, speak various languages, and sing different songs. Thus, we easily recognize
Filipino, American, Chinese, Japanese, or any other. foreign food, language, or music. The
difference lies I the way these elements are ranked, combined, or emphasized, so that they take
on distinctively Filipino slant or cast.

For instance, in china, honesty and hard work may rank highest; Chinese and Japanese cultures
greatly value politeness añd beauty; American culture highlights promptness and efficiency; and
Filipino culture emphasizes spirituality and family centeredness. In this sense of value ranking
and prioritizing, we can speak of dominant Filipino values.
3. Universally, human values in the Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political,
moral, and religious) take on a distinctive set Filipino meanings and motivations. This is true not
only of the aims and goals, beliefs, convictions, and social principles of the traditional value
system of the lowland rural family but also of what Fr. Horacio de la Costa, S.J calls the Filipino
"nationalistic" tradition (pagsasarili, pagkakaisa, pakikisama, pakikipagkapwatao, and
pagkabayani).

A Filipino value is not a discrete item which exists alone, in isolation, or in vacuum. Filipino
values like bahala na, utang na loob, hiya, pakikisama, and pakiusap are clustered around core
values like social acceptance, economic security, and social mobility. They are always found in a
definite context or set of circumstances.
4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness had evolved among Filipino people, leading to
the concept of justice evolving from inequality to equality and to human dignity. From the tribe,
to the family, and to the nation, consciousness of different values varies during the distinct
periods of Philippines history.

From a historical perspective, the question to ask about Filipino values is: Ganito kami noon: paano
kayo ngayon? How are we to know toward what goal or direction Filipino values ought to move?

Now that we have regained or democratic form of government and have arrived at a previleged
historical kairos, how do we transform Filipino values to build a more "just and humane society"

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(Preamble 1987 Constitution)? We need both external structural and internal cultural change. It is here
here that the Christian faith, in the last analysis, should point the way to the kind of values education
needed for national reconstruction.

GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

1. LOVE FOR GOD OR PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS

The Philippines is the only Christian nation in Asia, our population being predominantly Catholic.
Therefore, religiousness is a prime Filipino value.

Faith is the deeply rooted submission to a divine creator and believing in His authority over all
creations. It is also putting oneself in the hands of the Devine Authority which is an expression of faith in
the unconditional love for God.

Jesus said them, "Have faith in God...whoever says this mountain; Be lifted up and thrown in the
sea! and does not doubt at all in his heart but believes that what he says will take place, it will be done
for him" (Mark 11:12-23 Amplified Bible).

2. LOVE FOR FELLOWMEN OR PAGMAKA-TAO

St. Paul defines love in a different way: Love is patient; it never fails; it is eternal. There are faith,
hope, and live and the greatest of these is love (1 Corinthians 13). It illustrates the real essence of love
which strengthens the foundation of the family and other social groupings. It is the strongest force
within the human community. It provides a deeper meaning to the purpose of human existence.

3. LOVE FOR COUNTY OR PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN

Progressive countries are able to attain their economic goals because the people have trust and
confidence in their governments and are actively supporting their policies and programs. These
governments, in turn, reciprocate their people's suppi with honest, sound, and dynamic governance.

4. LOVE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT OR PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN

Enviy refers to everything that surrounds us from the natural world to the mamt-made physy
structures. Human interventions are important to derive the full benefits from natural resources, but
such interventions have at times gone beyond the limits of the domain reserved for human utilization.

It is high time we work hand in hand to protect our natural resources and ecosystem. In our own
little way, we can start taking care of our immediate environment and participate in the sustainable
management of our natural resources.

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ROOTS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

Here are some highlights from "A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People- Building a Nation"
by Patricia Licuanan (1988).

The strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino have their roots in many factors such as (a) the home
environment, (b) the social environment, (c) culture and language, (d) history, (e) the educational
system, (f) religion, (g) th economic environment, (h) the political environment, (i) mass media, (j)
leadership and role models.

1. The Family and Home Environment. Child-bearing practices, family relations, and family attitudes and
orientation are the main components of the home environment. Child-bearing in Filipino family
generally is characterized by high nurturance, low independence training, and low discipline. The Filipino
child grows up in an atmosphere of affection and overproduction, where one learns security and trust,
on the one hand, and dependence, on the other. In the indulgent atmosphere of the Filipino home, rigid
standards of behavior or performance are not imposed, leading to a lack of discipline. Attempts to
maintain discipline come in the form of many "no's" and "don'ts" and a system of criticism to keep
children in line. Sometimes, subtle comparisons among siblings are also used by mothers to control their
children. These may contribute to the "crab mentality".

In a large family where we are encouraged to get along with our siblings and other relatives, we
learn pakikipagkapwa-tao. In an authorization setting, we learn respect for age and authority; at the
same time, we become passive and dependent on authority. In the family, children are taught to value
family and give it primary importance.

2. The Social Environment. The main components of the social environment are social structures and
social systems such as interpersonal, religious, and community interaction. The social environment of
the Filipino is characterized by a feudal structure with great gaps between the rich minority and the
poor majority. These gaps are not merely economic but cultural as well, with the elite being highly
Westernized and alienated from the masses. This feudal structure develops dependence and passivity.

The Filipino is raised in an Environment where one must depend on relationships with others in
order to survive. In a poor country where resources are scarce and where the systems meant to respond
to people's needs can be insensitive, ineffective, or non-existent, the Filipino becomes very dependent
on kinship and interpersonal relationships.

Sensitivity about hurting established relationships controls our behavior. We are restrained form
making criticisms no matter how constructive, so standards of equality are not imposed. We have
difficulty saying no to requests and are pressured to favor our family and friends. That trying to get
ahead of others is not considered acceptable exerts a strong brake upon efforts to improve our
individual performance. The struggle for survival and our dependence on relationships make us in-group
oriented.

3. Culture and Language. Much has been written about Filipino culture values. Such characteristics as
earth and person orientation, devotion to family, and sense of joy and humor are part of our culture and
are reinforced by all socializing forces like the family, school, and peer group. Filipino culture rewards

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such traits and corresponding behavioral patterns develop because they make one more likable and
enable life to proceed more easily.

Aside from emphasizing interpersonal values, Filipino culture is also characterized by an openess to
the outside world which easily incorporates foreign elements without a basic consciousness of our
cultural core. This is related to our colonial mentality and to the use of English as the medium of
instruction in schools.

The introduction of English as the medium of education de Filipinized the youth and taught them to
regard American culture as superior. The use of English contributes also to a lack of self-confidence on
the part of the Filipino. The fact that doing well means using a foreign language, which foreigners
inevitably can handle better, leads to an inferiority complex. At a very early age, we find that our self-
esteem depends on the mastery of something foreign.

The use of a foreign language may use also explain the Filipino's unreflectiveness and mental
laziness. Thinking in our native language, but expressing ourselves in English, results not only in a lack of
confidence, but also in a lack in our power of expression, imprecision, and a stunted development of
one's intellectual powers.

4. History. We are the product of our colonial history, which is regarded by many as the culprit behind
our lack of nationalism and colonial mentality. Colonialism developed a mindset in the Filipino which
encouraged us to think of the colonial power as superior and more powerful. As a second-class citizen
beneath the spanish and then the American, we developed a dependence on foreign powers that makes
us believe we are not responsible for our country's fate.

The American influence is mere more ingrained in the Philippines because the Americans set up
a public school system where we learned English and the American way of life. Present-day media
reinforce these colonial influences and the Filipino elite set the example by their Western ways.

Another vestige of our colonial past is our basic attitude toward the government, which we
have learned to identify as foreign and apart form us. Thus, we do not identify with government and are
distrustful and uncooperative toward it. Much time and energy is spent trying to outsmart the
government, which we have learned from our colonial past to regard as an enemy.

5. The Educational System. Aside form the problems inherent in the use of a foreign language in our
educational system, the educational system leads to other problems for us as a people. The lack of
suitable local textbooks and dependence on foreign textbooks, particularly in the higher school levels,
force Filipino students as well as their teachers to use school materials that are irrelevant to the
Philippines setting. From this comes a mindset that things learned in school are not related to real life.

Aside form the influences of the formal curriculum, there are the influences of the "hidden
curriculum" ,i.e., the values taught informally by the Philippines social system. Schools appear to be
highly authoritarian, with the teacher as the central focus. The Filipino student is taught to be
dependent on teacher as we attempted to record verbatit what the teacher says and to give this back
during examinations in it's original form and with little processing. Usually, teachers reward well-

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behaved and obedient students. Some teachers tend to be unconformity with those who ask questions
and express a different viewpoy. Hence, the Filipino student learns passivity and conformity.

6. Religion. Religion is the root of the Filipino's optimism and capacity to accept life's hardships.
However, religion also instills is us attitudes of resignation and a preoccupation with the afterlife and
superstitions.

7. The Economic Environment. Many local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life that is the lost of
most Filipinos. Our difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very hard, and develop in us the
ability to survive. Poverty, however, has also became an excuse for graft and corruption, particularly
among the lower rungs of the bureaucracy. Unless things get too difficult, passivity sets in.

8. The Political Environment. The Philippine political environment is characterized by a centralization of

power. Political power or authority is concentrated in the hands of the elite and the participation of
most Filipinos often is limited to voting in elections.

Similarly, basic services from the government are concentrated in Manila and its outlaying towns
and provinces. A great majority of Filipinos are not reached by such basic services as water, electricity,
roads, and health services. Government structures and systems---e.g., justice and education---are often
ineffective or inefficient.

Since the government often is not there to offer basic services, we depend on our family, kin, and
neighbors for our everyday needs. The absence of government enhances our extreme family and even
community centeredness. We find it difficult to identify with a nation-family, since the government is
not there to symbolize or represent the state.

The fact that political power is still very much concentrated in the hands of a few may lead to
positivity. The inefficiency of government structures and systems also leads to a lack of integrity and
accountability in our public servants.

9. Mass Media. Mass media reinforce or colonial mentality. Advertisements using Caucasian models and
emphasizing a product's similarity with imported brands are part of our daily lives.

The tendency of media to produce escapist movies, soap operas, comics, etc., feed the Filipino's
passivity. Rather than confront our poverty and oppression, we fantasize instead. The propensity to use
flashy sets, designer clothes, superstars, and other bongga features reinforce porma.

10. Leadership and Role Models. Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models. Political leaders are
the main models, but all other leaders serve as role models as well. Thus, when our leaders violate the
law or show themselves to be self-serving and driven by personal interest, when there is lack of public
accountability, there is a negative impact on the Filipinos.

NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

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 The philosophy of nationalism nowadays does not concern itself much with the aggressive and
dangerous form of invidious nationalism that often occupies center stage in the news and in sociological
research. Although this pernicious form can be of significant, instrumental value mobilizing oppressed
people and giving them a sense of dignity, it's moral costs are usually taken by philosophers to outweigh
it's benefits.

The term nationalism is generally used to describe two things. The first is the attitude of the
members of a nation which includes the concepts of national identity, origin, ethnicity, and cultural ties.
The second is the action that the members of the nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain full
statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs. Patriotism is love and
devotion to one's county.

The word comes from Greek patris, meaning "fatherland". However, patriotism has had
different meanings over time, and its meaning is highly dependent upon context, geography, and
philosophy. Although patriotism is used in certain vernaculars as a synonym for nationalism, nationalism
is not necessarily considered an inherent part of patriotism. Likewise, patriotism is strengthened by
adherencesl to a native religion, particularly some communities that may have their own holy places.
This also implies a value preference for a specific civic or political community.

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

Nationalism is characterized by the attachment of superiority to one's country, an aspiration for it's
continuity and prosperity, and maintaining a high regard and respect for it's laws, principles and policies.
A country is an artificial body of people that need protection and identity. The government constitutes
all non-political and political personnel in the service of the country. They range form the President to
the last civil servant. Philippine nationalism witness an upsurge of patriotic sentiments and nationalistic
ideals in the late 1800s as a result of the Filipino Propaganda Movement from 1872 to 1892.It became
the main ideology of the first Asian Nationalist uprising, the Philippine Revolution of 1896. Spain already
ruled the Philippines for about 333 years before Philippine nationalism was developed.

The term Filipino originally referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines and not the native
inhabitants. But certain events finally led to the development of native patriotism and transcended the
cultural and geographical boundaries that had been barriers to the unification of the inhabitants of the
archipelago.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Do you know where you are going to? Where do you see yourself one year, five years and perhaps
ten years down the road?

A personal development plan will help you figure that out and help you get there.

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 Wells (2012), in his book Seven simple steps---Life Transformation Guide, states that success
requires an articulated goal. It is not a product of wishful thinking. Purpose will set the context and get
you thinking about your life and what is important to you.

Prepare your own personal development plan. Be guided by these components suggested by
Wells.

1. Your True Self---Begin with some introspection to help you define your values, your patterns and your
beliefs.

2. Make It Personal---Understand success and achievement, and what it means to you and to others.

3. Know Your Outcome---Set your goals and how to achieve them. Thus section is really about knowing
were you're going

4. Design Success---Lay out your "success blueprint". If the prior section covers where you're going, this
is about how you'll get there.

5. Harness the Power---Determine to make your plans a reality, In order to succeed, you need more than
a plan; that plan needs to be executed.

6. Accept Success---Esrablished a mindset to success in bringing your desired outcomes to fruition.

7. Life is Circular--- Look forward to the feature, and move in beyond the completion of your plan.

CONCLUSION

A value literally means the worth or importance of a particular thing. some things have greater
value than others. Things with greater value are more preferred and sought by individuals. They serve as
a basis for decision-making since people normally choose those which will bring them happiness and
contentment both both intrinsically and extrinsically.

Happiness is the end point of every human action. This desire for happiness helps create the
picture of what we really need or want to have or experience. In the process, we are able to identify the
things which we value most.

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ASSESSMENT:

A. Define the following terms. 5 points each

1. Pagkamaka-Diyos

2. Pagkamaka-Tao

3. Pagkamaka-Bayan

B. Write your explanation on the lines provided. 5 points each

1. Discuss the philosophy of human values in the Filipino context.

2. Discuss nationalism and patriotism in the Filipino context.

Submit on or before September 26, 2021 at Google Classroom.

REFERENCE:
NSTP-CWTS 1 Worktext for College Students Second Edition
By: Herminigildo S. Villasoto

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 Noemie S. Villasoto

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