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ARCHITECTURE
ELEMENTS
FACTORS
CONCEPTS &
OF CLIMATIC DESIGN
CLIMATE BASICS
CLIMATE A measure of the average pattern of
variation in temperature, humidity,
atmospheric pressure, wind,
precipitation, atmospheric particle
count and other meteorological
variables in a given region over long
periods of time.
CLIMATE VS WEATHER
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
ELEMENTS
Air
Percipitation
Temperature
Wind
THE The system is based on the concept
that native vegetation is the best
KÖPPEN expression of climate.
TROPICAL CLIMATE
TROPICAL Their location within a region in which
available solar radiation is large and
CLIMATE relatively constant from month to
month ensures both high
(A) temperatures (generally in excess of
18 °C) and a virtual absence of
thermal seasons.
TROPICAL In A climates, the terms “winter” and
“summer” have little meaning, but in
CLIMATE many locations, annual rhythm is
provided by the occurrence of wet and
(A) dry seasons.
TROPICAL Type A climates are controlled mainly
by the seasonal fluctuations of the
CLIMATE trade winds and monsoons.
(A)
Köppen Af Am Aw
Tropical Tropical Tropical
specifies rainforest monsoon wet-dry
three A climate climate climate
climates:
Hot-Humid
Regions
Building form
elongated along the
east-west axis
minimizes east and
west exposures.
HOT HUMID REGIONS
DRY CLIMATES
ARID
A land or a climate having little or no rain and
is typically too dry or barren to support lush
vegetation.
DRY They exhibit low precipitation, great
variability in precipitation from year to
CLIMATES year, low relative humidity, high
evaporation rates (when water is
(B) available), clear skies, and intense
solar radiation.
DRY BWh BSh BSk
Tropical Mid- Tropical
CLIMATES and latitude and
subtropical steppe and subtropical
(B) desert desert steppe
climate climate
Hot-Arid
Regions
Building form should
enclose courtyard
spaces
HOT ARID REGIONS
71%
MAY
85%
SEPTEMBER
RAINFALL
Elements that affects the weather and
climate
RAINFALL Rainfall is the most important climatic
element in the Philippines.
Source: PAGASA
PREVAILING WINDS
AMIHAN HABAGAT
Northeast Southwest
November - April May - October
MONSOON A monsoon is a seasonal shift in the
prevailing wind direction, that usually
brings with it a different kind of
weather
TYPHOONS Typhoons have a great influence on
the climate and weather conditions of
the Philippines.
DESIGN
BASICS OF
PASSIVE DESIGN
GOALS FOR
Maximum
VARIOUS COOL
thermal retention
CLIMATES
Moderate thermal
retention
TEMPERATURE
Moderate heat gain
CLIMATES
VARIOUS HOT
HUMID
exposure
Maximum internal
airflow
CLIMATES CLIMATES
CLIMATES
HOT
Moderate win
DRY
resistence
CLIMATES
Moderate internal
airflow
Design that works with the
environment to exclude unwanted heat
or cold and take advantage of sun and
breezes (inducing comfort conditions
in the building interiors), therefore
avoiding or minimizing the need for
mechanical heating or cooling.
PASSIVE DESIGN
PASSIVE The use of passive cooling principles
COOLING in the tropics results in a building that
is comfortable, energy efficient and
results in substantial savings in
running costs of both cooling and
lighting.
PROS/CONS Typically, initial However, this is
costs for passive often offset by
OF PASSIVE cooling systems the minimal
COOLING will be higher operating costs
because these required, as well
systems are as the minimized
typically integral impact on the
to the building environment.
envelope
ACTIVE A building design approach that
COOLING addresses the problem of inducing
comfort by means of equipment that
consume energy.
PROS/CONS In active systems, But this will soon
the initial cost of be recouped by
OF ACTIVE the building the costs for
COOLING envelope will be equipment,
low maintenance, and
energy
consumption.
PRINCIPLES
PASSIVE DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF
OF PASSIVE
PRINCIPLES
Avoid Heat PASSIVE DESIGN
Gain
Make Use of
Natural Light
Encourage Natural
Ventilation
Create
Cool
Outdoor
Areas
AVOID HEAT 1. Orient the building to reduce exposure to
midday sun, particularly summer sun.
GAIN 2. Use materials with low thermal mass as a
general rule.
3. Shade walls and windows, particularly
any walls with high thermal mass.
4. Use glazing on windows that cannot be
effectively shaded.
5. Use insulation, light colors, and heat-
reflective surfaces.
ENCOURAGE 1. Orient the building and windows
NATURAL towards prevailing winds.
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING
MAIN CONSIDERATIONS
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING
MAIN CONSIDERATIONS
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING
MAIN CONSIDERATIONS
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING
MAIN CONSIDERATIONS
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING
MAIN CONSIDERATIONS
WINDOWS NATURAL
LIGHTING