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Famous Architectural Styles

Architectural styles (The most influential architectural styles and movements in architecture history)

& • Classic
• Romanesque


Art Nouveau
Art Deco

renowned period • Gothic

• Baroque
 Modern
 International style

Architects • Neoclassical
• Beaux-Art

 Brutalism
Post Modern
 Deconstructivism
Ar. Zhardei Alyson V. Naranjo

CLASSIC : GREEK ARCHITECTURE ROMANESQUE

the crusades, and it is the greatest product of its style
One of its most important work. It was build during

• Descended from Roman.

It is best known for its large • Known for Great abbey churches and Castles.
religious temples built in • inspired by the Republic of Ancient Rome, were
stone, designed from characterized by heavy and resistant walls and
principles of order, minimal openings in semicircular arches.
symmetry, geometry, and
perspective.
A notable characteristic of its
expressiveness are
the principles of the
“architectural orders”: Doric,
Ionic, and Corinthian.

PARTHENON (447 BC)

The finest example
Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception Santiago de Compostela Cathedral 1075-1211
(Manila Cathedral)

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GOTHIC
Original name is Opus Francigenum,
or “French Work”
San Sebastian Cathedral (Neo-Gothic) Notre Dame Cathedral
Neoclassical : mid 18th century -1925
• Revival of Classical Architecture.
• The style was influenced by Vitruvian principles
and works of Andrea Palladio
• The ideal form that Neoclassical architecture
looks at was the temple. Which was represented
classical architecture in its purest form.
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BAROQUE
Baroque architecture viewed structural elements as platforms for decoration. One of the early
exemplars of this style is the Church of Gesù in Rome, which boasts the first truly Baroque façade.
Reims Cathedral
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption
St. Augustine Church
(Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion), aka. Sta. Maria
aka. Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte
Church, Ilocos Sur
Palladian Architecture :
• Extremely Popular in 18th century.
• Characterized as Symmetrical and Balance.
• Influenced by the architecture of ancient Rome
and the principles of classical antiquity.
Old Legislative Building
(National Museum of the Phil.)
Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello Manila Central Post Office San Ignacio Church, Manila
Architect: Thomas Jefferson Architects: Juan Arellano and Tomas Mapua Architect: Felix Roxas
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BEAUX-ART (means Fine Arts in French):

1880-1930
• A lavish and heavily ornamented Classical
style. It also employed contemporary 1820-1870 Finally. . .
materials such as glass and iron
• A reflection of wealth.
• The style was popularized during the 1893
Palais Garnier (Opera Garnier)

Columbian exposition in Chicago. Advocated

Architect: Charles Garnier

by Daniel Burnham, The City Beautiful

Movement.
• Beaux Arts is characterized by order,
symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and
1861-1875

elaborate ornamentation.

ART NOUVEAU (means New Art in french) :

“The straight line
belongs to men, the
curved one to God.”
1890s - 1910 “I'm telling you, the materials
• The first architectural style independent of the tradition are the same, you know as well
as I do…”
of antiquity after the Gothic style.
Victor Horta

Belgium’s most accomplished and

• The major Characteristic of Art Nouveau are the Swirling innovative architects, and one of the Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)
"whiplash curves“. first following Belgian independence Nicknamed “God’s architect”
to achieve international renown, as
• manifested itself in architecture in decorative elements: one of the founders of Art
the buildings, full of curved and sinuous lines, received Nouveau in the 1890s.
ornaments inspired by organic shapes such as plants,
Hôtel Tassel, Brussels (1893)

flowers, and animals, both in terms of design and the use

of color.
Central Stair Hall

Casa Milà Barcelona Casa Josep Batlló

(1906-1910) (1904-1906)
Sagrada Familia
After 144 years as a work in progress, will be a reality in 2026.
one of the longest construction projects in the world.

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Chrysler Empire State

Building Building (1931)

ART DECO (1930)

Architect:
Architect:
William Lamb
1920s in Europe and 1930s in US William Van
Allen

Art Deco was a direct response aesthetically

and philosophically to the Art Nouveau style
and to the broader cultural phenomenon of
modernism.
Simple, clean shapes, often with a
“streamlined” look; ornament that is
geometric or stylized from representational
forms.
Streamline Moderne became the American
continuation of the European Art Deco
movement.
Empire State Building (1931)
Metropolitan Theater Manila (1931) Architect: William Lamb
Architect: Juan Arellano

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“Form Follows Function”

Early 20th Century

The Chicago School : Birth place of Skyscraper

(He is the major player)
The “Father of Skyscrapers”
The First modern Architect

Wainwright Building
Louis Sullivan

"Every great
Falling Water (Kauffman House),

architect is - “I try to make a house like a flower pot, in which you can
Solomon R. Guggenheim,
Southern Pennsylvania

necessarily - a great
root something and out of which family life will bloom.
poet. He must be a
great original “Architects must have a razor-sharp sense of individuality.”
New York

interpreter of his
time, his day, his Neutra's houses were dramatic, flat-surfaced industrialized-looking
age." buildings placed into a carefully arranged landscape. Constructed with steel,
glass, and reinforced concrete, they were typically finished in stucco.
“I believe in God, only
I spell it Nature.”
-Regarding Organic
Architecture
Robie House, (Chicago, Illinois)

Movements and Styles:

Modernism and
"the greatest American architect The International Style
of all time."
“Worlds greatest living Architect”
Movements and Styles: Kaufman Hause (1946) Coveney House
Prairie Style, A Mid-century house
Organic Architecture,
Modern Architecture,
Richard Neutra

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CUBISM characterized by

INTERNATIONAL STYLE the use of geometric planes and

shapes.
“The Architecture of the modern movement”
1910-1970

• Became the global symbol of modernity.

• The term “International Style” was coined
by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson.
• It is often described as "minimalist" due to the
tendency of its adherents to design buildings that
were devoid of all ornament and reduced to their
most basic structural elements.
• Use of steel, concrete, and glass.

"We want to create the purely organic building, boldly "Less is more." "Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space."
emanating its inner laws, free of untruths or ornamentation“
“ Architecture begins where engineering ends.” Mies van der Rohe call his designs "skin-and-bones" architecture.
Walter Gropius is one of the pioneers of modern architecture, Farnsworth House
he was the founder of the Bauhaus, a revolutionary art school in Germany. The house is an
embodiment of Mies'
mature vision of
modern architecture.
“Skin-and-bones”

Movements and Styles: Movements and Styles: The

Bauhaus, International Style, Modern
The International Style Architecture, Bauhaus, Art
Nouveau
The Fagus Factory (1910) Bauhaus building (1925 - 26)

Seagram Building (1958) S.R. Crown hall,

Illinois Institute of Technology

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“Cube within a cube.” “A house is a machine for living in.”

"I prefer drawing to talking. Drawing is faster, and leaves less room for lies." Brutalism
Five points of Architecture
1. Piloti
(béton brut or crude concrete) : 1970s
2. Roof garden
3. Ribbon window The construction of his own rough, concrete buildings.
4. Free plan
5. Free façade
The Unité
represents the most
complete
Villa Sovoye Poissy, France
realization we have
of Le Corbusier's
idea of communal
Movements and Styles: housing, often
Modern Architecture,The described as a Cultural Center of the Philippine International Folk Arts Theater Leandro Locsin
International Style, "city within a city." Philippines Convention Center
Purism, Brutalism National Artist of
the Philippines for
Architecture in 1990
Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut (1950-55) Unité d'Habitation (1945-52)
Church of Light

Classical-Modernism
The Met Breuer is a museum of
modern and contemporary art Marcel Beuer
Tadao Ando
Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban Salk Institute

Church at St. John’s Abbey (1961)

IBM Laboratory (1962) Suntory Museum 4x4 house (2003) Kimbell Art Museum First Unitarian Church
Louis Kahn

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HIGH-TECH
1970s
• A type of Late modern style also known as Structural
Expressionism.
City Hall, London
• High-tech buildings are often called machine-like. Steel,
aluminum, and glass combine with brightly colored
braces, girders, and beams.
known for sleek, modern designs of
• The support beams, duct work, and other functional steel and glass with innovations in
contouring and inner space
elements are placed on the exterior of the building,
management.
where they become the focus of attention.
• The interior spaces are open and adaptable for many ''Great architecture should
uses. wear its message lightly.''
HSBC Building (Hong Kong)
Apple Park (Apple HQ) “Best bank Headquartes in the world
Sir Norman Foster

High-tech Architects focusing on minimizing construction resources

Architecture Is "A Place For

generated an emphasis on tensile structures, another important

All People"
Millennium Dome

The Munich Olympiastadion

Lloyd’s London Building

Almost 40 years after its completion

German Pavilion, Expo '67
This work demonstrated the increasing importance of technology, pre-
fabrication, and mass production in architecture and brought worldwide
element in many high-tech designs.

attention to his innovations in tensile structures for the first time.

Centre Pompidou Frei Otto
Geodesic Dome is a spherical structure Dymaxion house : The Wichita
House,
composed of triangular elements forming part “dynamic, maximum, and tension”
of a network of circles, or ‘geodesics’, on the was a
surface of a given sphere. prototype
Placing the building's house that
services in full view in a would have
been used to
trademark Rogers house U.S.
technique that went on to military
be known as "bowellism." personnel
returning
from World
Richard Rogers Buckminster War II.
Fuller Geodesic House

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POST-MODERN
“Less is Bore.”
“More is More.”

1970s The Author of much acclaimed book

“Complexity and Contradiction in
Architecture.”
He also led the development of Post-
• The colorful styles of architecture and the decorative modernism movement in architecture
arts. during 1970s.
• Evolved from the modernist movement yet
Vanna Venturi House:
contradicts many of the modernist ideas.
used the house as a
• Combining new ideas with traditional forms, Movements and Styles:
canvas to demonstrate
postmodernist buildings may startle, surprise, and some of the
Post modernism,
even amuse. Familiar shapes and details are used in “complexities and
Expressionism
contradictions” in
unexpected ways. Buildings may incorporate symbols
modern architecture.
to make a statement or simply to delight the viewer.

Fire Station #4 Children Museum of

Houston
Robert Venturi

Steigenberger Hotel in Egypt

“Architecture Is The Art Of How To Waste Space”
“ All Architecture Is Shelter, All Great Architecture Is The Design
Of Space That Contains, Cuddles, Exalts, Or Stimulates The
Persons In That Space.”

The first ever Pritzker

Architecture Prize in 1979

“In any architecture, there

is an equity between the
pragmatic function and
the symbolic function.”

The Glass House Houston’s nondenominational AT&T Building

Michael Graves Denver Public Library Portland Building Philip Johnson Rothko Chapel The icon of Post-Modernism

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At 102! . . . Modernism

Le Grand Louvre

Bank of China

I.M Pei (Ieoh Ming Pei) Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Modernism Architecture is art, but art vastly Bold Postmodernism

contaminated by many other
things. Contaminated in the best Modernism
sense of the word—fed, fertilized
by many things.”
Porto Antico di Genova
Tjibaou Cultural Center

TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport Gateway Arch Centre Pompidou (With Richard Rogers) The Shard
Eero Saarinen Renzo Piano

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“ Architecture Should Speak Of Its Time And Place, But Yearn

DECONSTRUCTIVISM For Timelessness.”

• The basic elements of architecture are dismantled.

Deconstructivist buildings may seem to have no visual
logic.
• Deconstructive ideas are borrowed from the French "the most important Walt Disney
philosopher Jacques Derrida. architect of our age". Concert Hall

• Deconstructivist architects : "intentionally violate the His original, sculptural, Chiat/Day Complex “Binoculars Building”
often audacious work won
cubes and right angles of modernism." him worldwide renown

Stata Center
Movements and Styles:
Post-modernism and
Deconstructivism

Frank Ghery

"Kill the Skyscraper". “ It Is Insufficient For Architecture Today To Directly Implement An Existing
Building Typology; It Instead Requires Architects To Carefully Examine The Whole
“The skyscraper has become less interesting in inverse Area With New Interventions And Programmatic Typologies.”
proportion to its success. It has not been refined, but corrupted."

Heydar Aliyev Center

Morpheus Hotel Tower

"one of architecture’s most influential

thinkers."

Known for his striking, often IIT Chicago Train Tracks "Queen of the curve"
Contemporary Arts Museum

gravity-defying structures The first woman to receive

Movements and Styles: the Pritzker Architecture Prize,
in 2004. She received the UK's
Vitra Fire Station

Modernism, Structuralism,
Deconstructivism most prestigious architectural
award, the Stirling Prize, in
"The CCTV headquarters is an unusual take on the
skyscraper typology. Instead of competing in the race 2010 and 2011.
for ultimate height and style through a traditional
two-dimensional tower soaring skyward, CCTV’s
loop poses a truly three-dimensional experience,
culminating in a 75-meter cantilever." Seattle Central Library
Rem Koolhaas Zaha Hadid

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“Let me tell you one thing. In this world we are living in,
98% of everything that is built and designed today is
pure sh*t. There’s no sense of design, no respect for
"The more rigorously one searches for the origin of modernity...the further humanity or for anything else. They are damn buildings
back it seems to lie. One tends to project it back, if not to the Renaissance, and that’s it.” -FOG
then to that movement in the mid-18th century when a new view of history
brought architects to question the Classical canons of Vitruvius and to
document the remains of the antique world in order to establish a more
objective basis on which to work.“

-Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture (3rd ed., 1992)

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