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Grammar Worksheet: Conditionals and Clauses

Part 1: Conditionals

1. First Conditional:
Explanation:
The first conditional is used to talk about real or possible future situations. It consists of two
clauses: the "if" clause (condition) and the main clause (result). The structure is "if + present
simple, will + base form."

Example:

● If it rains, we will stay at home.

Now, put in practice

● If it ________________ (rain), we ________________ (stay) indoors.

● She ________________ (not come) to the party if she ________________ (have) other plans.
● If you ________________ (study) hard, you ________________ (pass) the exam.
● He ________________ (be) late if he ________________ (not leave) now.
● If they ________________ (not hurry), they ________________ (miss) the train.
●
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2. Second Conditional:

Explanation:

The second conditional is used to talk about unreal or hypothetical present or future
situations. It also consists of an "if" clause and a main clause. The structure is "if + past
simple, would + base form."

Example:

● If she knew about the party, she would come.

Now put in practice!!

Rewrite this sentences using second conditional

​ We can't afford a luxurious vacation. We didn't win the lottery.

● If we ____________________________, we ____________________________.
​ He is not fit because he doesn't exercise regularly.
● If he ____________________________, he ____________________________.
​ She isn't fluent in Spanish because she didn't practice regularly.
● If she ____________________________, she ____________________________.
​ The team lost the match because they didn't play well.
● If the team ____________________________, they ____________________________.
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3. Third Conditional:

Explanation:

The third conditional is used to talk about unreal or hypothetical past situations. Like the other
conditionals, it includes an "if" clause and a main clause. The structure is "if + past perfect,
would have + past participle."

Example:

● They would not have missed the train if they had not been late.

Now put in practice!!

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

​ If she ________________ (not forget) her keys, she ________________ (not be) locked out.
● a) didn't forget / wouldn't be
● b) doesn't forget / won't be
● c) hadn't forgotten / wouldn't have been
​ We ________________ (not get) lost if we ________________ (have) a map.
● a) didn't get / had
● b) don't get / have
● c) hadn't got / would have
​ If it ________________ (not snow) last winter, we ________________ (not go) skiing.
● a) didn't snow / wouldn't go
● b) doesn't snow / won't go
● c) hadn't snowed / wouldn't have gone
​ She ________________ (be) upset if she ________________ (know) the truth.
● a) wouldn't be / knew
● b) won't be / knows
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● c) wouldn't have been / had known

Part 2: Clauses

4. Defining and Non-defining Clauses:

Explanation:

Defining clauses provide essential information to identify the noun they modify and are not
separated by commas. Non-defining clauses provide additional information and are separated
by commas.

Example:

​ The boy who is wearing a red hat is my neighbor. (Defining)

​ My sister, who lives in Paris, is coming to visit. (Non-defining)

5. Punctuate the Non-defining Clauses:

Explanation:

Non-defining clauses are punctuated with commas before and after the clause.

Example:

​ My best friend **, who I've known since kindergarten, ** is moving to a new city.
​ The book **, which I borrowed from the library, ** was fascinating.

Rewrite the sentences by changing the type of clause (defining to non-defining or vice versa).

​ The cat that is sitting on the windowsill is very cute.

● Rewrite as a non-defining clause: ____________________________
​ My sister, who is a doctor, is coming to visit.
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● Rewrite as a defining clause: ____________________________

​ The movie that won the award is playing at the theater.
● Rewrite as a non-defining clause: ____________________________

Part 3: Passive Voice

6. Present Passive:

Explanation:

The present passive is formed using "am/is/are + past participle." It is used when the focus is
on the action rather than the doer.

Example:

They build a new bridge to cross the river (Active)

A new bridge to cross the river is built by them(Passive).

Rewrite the sentences in the present passive voice.

​ The chef prepares the meals in the kitchen.

● The meals ____________________________ in the kitchen.
​ The teacher explains the lesson to the students.
● The lesson ____________________________ to the students.
​ They make delicious pastries at the bakery.
● Delicious pastries ____________________________ at the bakery.
​ The gardener plants flowers in the garden.
● Flowers ____________________________ in the garden.
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​ We clean the house every weekend.

● The house ____________________________ every weekend.

7. Past Passive:

Explanation:

The past passive is formed using "was/were + past participle." It is used to talk about actions
that were done to the subject.

Example:

The teacher explained the lesson yesterday (Active)

The lesson was explained yesterday by the teacher (passive)

Rewrite the sentences in the past passive voice.

​ The mechanic repaired the car yesterday.

● The car ____________________________ yesterday.
​ They built a new bridge over the river last year.
● A new bridge ____________________________ over the river last year.
​ Someone stole my bicycle from the garage.
● My bicycle ____________________________ from the garage.
​ The teacher assigned the homework on Monday.
● The homework ____________________________ on Monday.
​ The company launched a new product in 2020.
● A new product ____________________________ by the company in 2020.
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