Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table of Contents
📐
62 HRD → Education (शिक्षा).........................................................................................................1060
62.1.1 School Dropout......................................................................................................................1061
62.1.2 🧑🏫Teacher to Student Ratio..................................................................................................1062
62.1.3 📐 Edu →🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education . .1063
62.1.4 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training .....1064
62.1.5 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education ( 1929 ) ke functions ..1064
62.1.6 NIOS: - National Institute of Open Schooling (1989).......................................................1064
62.1.7 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Higher Edu → HEFA (2016)..................................................................1065
62.1.8 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Vedic Edu → Bharatiya Shiksha Board.................................................1065
62.1.9 📐🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Notable Schools funded by Union...................................................1065
62.2 👨🏫📯🧔New education policy 2020 (नई शिक्षा नीति)....................................................................1066
62.2.1 ✍️NEP-2020: Introduction (परिचय)......................................................................................1066
62.2.2 🏫Education: Schooling → Curriculum changed (स्कू ली पाठ्यक्रम में बदलाव)........................1066
62.2.3 👱♂️Education: Primary- other reforms (प्राथमिक शिक्षा में सुधार)...............................................1067
62.2.4 👱♂️Education: Primary- ECCE upto age 8...........................................................................1068
62.2.5 🈶Education: Language / Medium (भाषा /माध्यम)................................................................1068
62.2.6 📐📯🧔 PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI-2022)....................................................1069
62.2.7 🈶 Education: Vocational Education..................................................................................1069
62.2.8 👩🎓Education: Higher (उच्च शिक्षा)..........................................................................................1070
62.2.9 👩🎓Education: Higher → Credit (गुण आधारित शिक्षा).............................................................1070
62.2.10 👩🎓Education: Higher → Entry & Exit (प्रवेश और प्रस्थान)...................................................1071
62.2.11 👩🎓🕵Education: Higher → New Orgs → HECI.............................................................1071
62.2.12 👩🎓🕵️♀️Education: Higher → New Orgs → Others...........................................................1072
62.2.13 👨👴🦽Education: Adult/PH (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा और विकलांग शिक्षा).................................................1072
62.2.14 👩💻Education: Open/Distance/E-Learning (दूर - शिक्षण/ई शिक्षा)........................................1073
62.2.15 📊🔠Assessment of students (छात्रों का मूल्यांकन)..................................................................1073
62.2.16 📊🕵️♀️Assessment of students: bodies (मूल्यांकन/परीक्षा के लिए सं स्थाएं )....................................1073
62.2.17 📊🏫Assessment of schools (स्कू लों का आकलन)....................................................................1074
62.2.18 👩🏫Teachers recruitment and training (शिक्षकों की भर्ती और तालीम)......................................1074
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62.2.19 👩🏫🤑NEP-2020: Funding (शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए वित्तपोषण)...........................................................1074
62.2.20 👩🏫👿 NEP-2020: Criticism (नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति के खिलाफ आलोचना/निंदा)..............................1075
62.2.21 ✍️NEP-2020: Conclusion (शिक्षा नीति के बारे में निष्कर्ष)..........................................................1075
62.3 👩🏫🤳PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education (2020-Jul)...............................................1075
62.4 📐😋🍽📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM-2001-2020).........................1076
62.5 📐😋🍽📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → PM Poshan (2021-2026)........................................................1077
62.6 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA-2001)............................................1078
62.6.1 📐📯🧔Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) → Notable Subscheme / Programs....................1078
62.7 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std. 9-12 → RMSA (2009) माध्यमिक शिक्षा.........................................................1079
62.7.1 👻🤧😷📉📚CBSE: Syllabus reduction (पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती)..................................................1079
62.8 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std. Jr.KG to 12: Samagra Shiksha scheme (2018)........................................1080
62.8.1 👨🏫 2019: NISHTHA scheme for Teachers training (2019)...............................................1081
62.8.2 Samagra Siksha → DIKSHA Portal for E-learning...........................................................1081
62.8.3 👨🏫 Samagra Shiksha: Notable components/ initiatives.....................................................1081
62.9 🕌 Madrassa Education............................................................................................................ 1082
62.9.1 → Madrassa → Union govt funding..................................................................................1082
62.9.2 🕌 Madrassa → Assam madrassas converted into middle English (ME) schools.........1082
62.10 → Scholarship for Class9-12 → NMMSS and NSIGSE.........................................................1083
62.11 Edu ( 📐📊) → Rankings for School Education......................................................................1083
62.11.1 Annual Status of Education Report ASER Report by NGO Pratham............................1083
62.11.2 Education reports- Misc.....................................................................................................1084
62.12 📐🤦♂️:🧔 Edu → no detention policy & RTE Amendment 2019............................................1084
62.12.1 📐🤦♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - other...................................................................................1085
62.12.2 🎓Edu → CBSE Class12 Result 30:30:40 formula...........................................................1085
62.13 📐🔠💯🧔 Edu → National testing agency (NTA) & NEET..................................................1085
62.13.1 📐 Edu → Libraries in 👛Budget-2023.............................................................................1086
62.14 📐 Edu → Higher Edu: Colleges & Uni. (उच्चतर शिक्षा).............................................................1086
62.14.1 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Number of institutes as per 📙ES23....................................1087
62.14.2 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking by Education Ministry...........................................1087
62.14.3 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking : Misc........................................................................1088
62.15 → Edu → Portals/Apps/Orgs → Post-Corona..........................................................1088
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62.16 📐🤳 Edu → Misc. portals / initiatives (Before Corona).......................................................1089
62.16.1 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: School infra/result monitoring........................................................1089
62.16.2 📐🤳 Edu → SWAYAM Portal.........................................................................................1089
62.16.3 📐🤳 SWAYAM E-learning portal → 4 components.....................................................1090
62.16.4 📐🤳 Edu → E-learning → Misc:.....................................................................................1090
62.16.5 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Anti-ragging / life values/mental health.........................................1091
62.16.6 🧛 Mulya Pravah 2.0 ethical guidelines by UGC.............................................................1091
62.16.7 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Startup ke liye....................................................................................1092
62.16.8 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Teachers’ training..............................................................................1092
62.16.9 📐🇺🇸 Edu → Misc: NRI/foreign teachers/students ko bring to India? .........................1092
62.16.10 📐🇺🇸 Foreign Uni Campus in India- UGC Draft rules 2023........................................1093
62.16.11 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Girl students / girl scientists / PH..................................................1093
62.16.12 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Making science/research useful/popular......................................1094
62.16.13 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: National Unity.................................................................................1094
62.16.14 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Civic duties, Adult Edu (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा)..................................................1095
62.17 ⌨️ APAAR - One nation, One Student ID...............................................................................1095
62.18 🔬 NRF Bill/Act 2023...............................................................................................................1096
62.18.1 🔬 NRF Structure (ढाँचा)......................................................................................................1097
62.18.2 🔬 NRF ke Functions (क्या क्या कार्य करेंगे).............................................................................1097
62.18.3 🔬 NRF Funding sources: (पैसा किधर से लाएगा।)...................................................................1097
62.19 📐 Edu → Misc. → Youth org................................................................................................1098
62.19.1 🕵🏼 🧗♀️Yearbook: Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports (युवा कार्य और खेल मंत्रालय) ...........1098
62.19.2 🧗♀️Youth Schemes= Central Sector Schemes = 100% funded by Union. ......................1098
62.19.3 Khelo India Scheme → National Sports Education Board....................................1098
62.20 📐✍️ Conclusion-Template-Education:................................................................................1099
63 HRD → Skilling, Vocational Training, Recruitment.........................................................1099
63.1 🕵🏼 Yearbook Recruitment & Training Related Ministries.......................................................1100
63.1.1 🕵🏼 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions.................................................1100
63.1.2 👮 👨🏫 🤳 Mission Karmayogi: Training of Civil servants (2020-Sept)............................1101
63.1.3 🕵🏼 Yearbook: Ministry of Labour and Employment.........................................................1101
63.2 💇👩🔧🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship...........................1101
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63.3 (💇👩🔧)→ NSDC (2008, HQ @Delhi)........................................................................................1102
63.4 (💇👩🔧)→ NSDF, NSDA, NSQF, NCVET..................................................................................1103
63.4.1 🕵🏼 NCVET 2018 (व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)............................................1104
63.4.2 (💇👩🔧)📯🧔 National Skill Development Mission (NSDM: 2015, by Skill Ministry) ...1104
63.5 ( 💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India Campaign (2015: कौशल भारत अभियान)..................................................1104
63.5.1 (💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India3 → National Policy for Skill Dev. & Entrepreneurship 2015..1105
63.5.2 (💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) ...........1106
63.5.3 ((💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)...................................................1106
63.5.4 ((💇👩🔧)📯🧔 PM Kaushal Vikas 4.0 in 👛Budget-2023...................................................1106
63.5.5 ((💇👩🔧)📯🧔) PM-VIKAS / VIshwakarma KAushal Samman - 👛Budget-2023..........1107
63.5.6 (💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India Digital Platform in 👛Budget-2023............................................1107
63.5.7 Skill: 👛Budget-2023 Misc. announcements......................................................................1107
63.6 ( 💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skilling → SHREYAS Scheme (2019)..................................................................1107
63.6.1 👻🤧😷(💇👩🔧)Skilling → Post Corona / Atma-Nirbhar ................................................1108
63.7 ( 💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skilling & Entrepreneurship → Before Corona...................................................1109
62 📐HRD → E DUCATION (शिक्षा)
4. Gender Parity Index (GPI: लिंग समतुल्यता सूची) for education = ratio of female students enrolled in
an age or std-group divided by male students in that group.
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Dropout rates ⏫ after class8 as free mid-day meal stops, while lecture difficulty and family
pressure to earn ⏫. (आठवीं कक्षा के बाद स्कू ल में मुफ़्त का मध्यान भोजन नहीं मिलता, बल्कि सिलेबस की कठिनाई और
परिवार से पैसे कमाने का दबाव बढ़ता है)
SDG Goal 4.1: Universal primary and secondary education
SDG Goal #4: India’s baseline in (brackets) India’s SDG Target 2030
Enrollment ratio from class 1 to 10 (75%) 100%
Dropout rate at Secondary level (17%) 10%
% of schools where Pupil Teacher ratio is 30% or less (70%) 100%
Improve Learning Outcomes in Maths, Language, Science 57-67% score in learning outcome
etc subjects at class 5 and class 8 (pathetic) quiz
🔠❓MCQ. Which one of the following is correct for the purpose of Census 2011 [Asked in UPSC-CDS-2017-I]
a) a person aged 7 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
treated as a literate
b) a person aged 8 & and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
treated as a literate
c) a person aged 9 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
treated as a literate
d) a person aged 10 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
treated as a literate
🔠⁉️ MCQ. According to the Census 2011, find correct? (CDS-2023-i)
1. A person who can only read but cannot write, is not literate.
2. A person aged seven years and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any
language is treated as literate.
Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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62.1.3 📐 Edu →🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education
✋Note: National Education Policy 2020 aims to rename the HRD/Edu
Ministry into Education Ministry. So, read the HDT/old schemes/sentences
accordingly. अगर किसी लाइन में सुधार करना रह भी गया हो तो आप समझ लेना
मानव सं साधन विकास/ शिक्षा मंत्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>
Dept Department of School Education & Literacy स्कू ली शिक्षा और साक्षरता
Department of Higher Education उच्च शिक्षा
Attached / N/A or not MCQ-worthy
subordinate
Statutory All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) Act, 1987. Runs schemes
Bodies like Pragati, Saksham, Prerana, Samridhi, Ishan Uday for scholarship /
वैधानिक सं स्थाएं research funds to girls, SC/ST, PH, North East students.
University Grants Commission Act, 1956 (UGC: विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग) →
(When bill is passed) Higher Education Commission of India (HECI: भारत का
उच्च शिक्षा आयोग).
CPSE सरकारी Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA)
कं पनी Educational Consultants of India Limited (EdCIL)
Autonomous Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE: के न्द्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड)
bodies National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
स्वागत सं स्थाएं
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS)- it had some seats reserved for
recommended by member of Parliament (MP) but this quota removed in
2022. (सांसदो द्वारा नामांकित बच्चों का कवोटा ख़त्म ) (2) They also launched Project
Balvatika / preparatory classes for age group 3 to 5 years.
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS),
National Testing Agency (NTA),
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE),
Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR),
National Book Trust (NBT)
National Bal Bhavan → Bal Kendras
National Institution Of Industrial Engineering (Mumbai)
Advisory Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) कें द्रीय शिक्षा सलाहकार बोर्ड
सलाह परिषद Highest advisory body to advise the Union and State Governments in the
field of education since 1920.
Chairman: HRD Minister.
Members: Selected Union ministers, One minister from each state, few MP,
heads of education regulatory bodies / research bodies.
Intl. Org UN Specialized Agency: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
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Organization (UNESCO, 1946, HQ: Paris, France)
Misc. Central Tibetan Schools Administration ( CTSA, 1961): to give money for
for setting up schools/hostels/scholarship for Tibetan refugee children e.g. at
Shimla, Dalhousie, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Mussoorie and Herbetpur.
62.1.4 📐 🕵🏼
Bodies → NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training
founded in 1961. The major units of the NCERT are as follows:
NCERT org. Location
National Institute of Education (NIE) New Delhi
Central Institute of Education Technology (CIET) New Delhi
Pandit Sunder Lal Sharma Central Institute of
Bhopal
Vocational Education
Ajmer , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Mysuru and
Regional institutes of education ( RIEs )
Umiam ( Meghalaya ) .
🙋🏼♀️FAQ: do I have to memorise all this? Ans. I’m not forcing you to memorise. I have given the facts
because (A) UPSC ko khujli mchi hai to ask such random Yearbook GK and (B) I’ve taken fees.
62.1.5 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education ( 1929 ) ke functions
• Conducts classes 10 and 12 ke board examinations
• Conducts the Central Teachers Eligibility Test (CTET)
• Admission Test for Navodaya Vidyalayas,
• Conducts National Achievement Survey
• SAFAL Tests to check learning levels of classes 3,5 and 8.
• Setting Quality standards for Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas
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62.1.7 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Higher Edu → HEFA (2016)
Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA उच्च शिक्षा वित्तपोषण अभिकरण) is a not for Profit
company with shareholding: 91% HRD/Edu Ministry + 9% Canara bank.
HEFA is registered as a Non–deposit taking NBFC with RBI.
HEFA provides loans to IITs, IIITs, NITs, IISCs, AIIMS etc.to upgrade their infrastructure, lab
equipments etc. It also gives loan to Kendriya Vidyalayas, Navodaya Vidyalaya.
RISE-2022: Budget 2018 gave more ₹ ₹ to HEFA to give out as loans to those IIT/IIM/NIT etc.
for Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) by 2022
62.1.8 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Vedic Edu → Bharatiya Shiksha Board
Presently, CBSE / State Education boards doesn’t recognize all the types of Acharyakulam,
Vidya Bharati schools (of RSS) and Gurukuls (of Arya Samaj).
So, 2019: HRD/Edu Ministry announced to setup Bharatiya Shiksha Board for standardizing
(मानकीकरण) Vedic education with new syllabus, conducting exams and issue certificates.
62.1.9 📐🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Notable Schools funded by Union
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State / UT govts need to give about 30 acres of land, free of cost to setup
these schools.
Initiative by HRD + Defence Ministry + Home Affairs Ministry for the
Seema Darshan students of Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas. Take them to
border area / meet with armed forces to cultivate the spirit of Patriotism.
62.2 👨👴🏫📯🧔N EW EDUCATION POLICY 2020 (नई शिक्षा नीति)
1948-49: University Education Commission [विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा आयोग]
1952-53: Secondary Education Commission
1964-66: Education Commission under Dr. D.S. Kothari
1968: National Policy on Education
1976: 42nd Constitutional Amendment: Education put in Concurrent List (समवर्ती सूची)
1986: National Policy on Education (NPE) → modified in 1992.
2015-16: T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee for education policy
2017-19: Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee for education policy
62.2.1 ✍️NEP-2020: Introduction (परिचय)
(Origin) 2017: HRD/Edu Ministry had set up Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee, to replace the
education policy of 1986. Based its report, Govt announced a new National Education Policy in 2020
with following salient features: निम्नलिखित मुख्य विशेषताओं के साथ)
62.2.2 🏫Education: Schooling → Curriculum changed (स्कू ली पाठ्यक्रम में बदलाव)
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Left hand side is also called “10+2”. Whereas Right hand side also called “5+3+3+4” (this number
indicates the years spent in each stage of the coloured box in right hand side.)
International studies have found 3-6 years = crucial for mental development. So, the Govt will target
it via 3 three years of Anganwadi/ pre schooling. (मानसिक विकास के लिए प्री-स्कू लिंग महत्वपूर्ण है ऐसा अंतरराष्ट्रीय
सं शोधन मैं पाया गया)
62.2.3 👱♂️Education: Primary- other reforms (प्राथमिक शिक्षा में सुधार)
🎯 Target: 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) from pre-school to secondary school education
by 2030. (सकल प्रवेश अनुपात)
National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy - to ensure by 2025, all children in
class 3 are able to do basic level of reading and maths. (बुनियादी साक्षरता और गणित क्षमता)
⚗️No rigid separation between academic streams (sci vs commerce etc.) शैक्षणिक धाराओं मैं भेद नहीं
किया जाएगा
No rigid separation curricular and extracurricular activities (अभ्यास प्रवृत्तियां बनाम पाठ्येतर प्रवृत्तियां)
No rigid separation between vocational and academic streams. (व्यावसायिक और शैक्षणिक धाराएँ)
🔧Vocational Education to start from Class 6 with Internships. (व्यावसायिक प्रशिक्षण देंगे)
We'll use counsellors & social workers with schools e.g. Psychological counselling, sexual
harassment, bullying, depression (बच्चों के लिए मनोवैज्ञानिक परामर्शदाता उपलब्ध कराएँगे)
Open / Distance learning for classes 3, 5 and 8 through NIOS. (दूर - शिक्षण)
Collectively, it will help bring 2 crore "out of school" children back into the schooling. (बच्चों की
स्कू ल-वापसी)
Table 1: we will setup these institutes हम ये सब बनाएँगे!
“Bal Bhavans” These will be special daytime boarding schools with art-related,
career-related, and play-related activities.
Samajik Chetna Kendras Social Consciousness Centres will be setup in the Free (Spare)
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school infrastructure.
🧙 Artists- कलाकारों के निवास की Colleges, school complex to have Artist(s)-in-Residence. Such
♀️
व्यवस्था artists will promote traditional arts / Lok Vidya.
For upto class12 NCERT will develop National Curricular Framework for School Education
(NCFSE: पाठ्यक्रम की राष्ट्रीय रूपरेखा)
For upto class8 NCERT to develop a National Curricular & Pedagogical Framework for Early
Childhood Care and Education (NCPFECCE or ECCE: बचपन की परवरिश और शिक्षा के लिए राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यक्रम
और शिक्षा शास्त्र)
Ministries of HRD/Edu, Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD), Ministry of
Health and Tribal Affairs will jointly implement ECCE. (ये तीन मंत्रालय लागू करेंगे)
ECCE to improve syllabus (Curriculum: पाठ्यक्रम) & teaching methodology (=pedagogy: शिक्षा शास्त्र)
⏬
But basically it involves pressure of rote-learning/coaching classes to pass the exams, critical ⏫
thinking ability & emotional intelligence, 21st century skills, scientific temper etc. समालोचनात्मक
सोचक्षमता, भावनात्मक बुद्धिमत्ता, 21 वीं सदी का कौशल, वैज्ञानिक स्वभाव। पढ़ाई का बोझ कम करने के लिए विभिन्न कदम लेंगे।
reduce Curriculum to Core Concepts. पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती करके के वल अति महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाओं को सिखाना
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62.2.6 📐📯🧔 PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI-2022)
Union government will give money for upgrading 14000+ existing schools into PM SHRI
Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India).
PM-Shri Schools will have the best quality infrastructure and teaching facility - . labs, smart
classrooms, libraries, sports equipment, art room etc.
They will act as role model for the nearby schools in the area.
Union government will give money for the 2022-23 to 2026-27. Afterwards state
government/UT Will be responsible for maintenance of these PM-SHRI schools.
कें द्र सरकार पैसा देकर कु छ स्कू लो को बेहतर करेगी ताकि वे राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति को लागू कर सकें , जहाँ पर बुनियादी साक्षरता, स्थानीय
कलाकारों के साथ मेलजोल, कौशल विकास, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा सं चय द्वारा हरित विद्यालय बनाना इत्यादि पर ज़ोर दिया जाएगा. और
आसपड़ोस के दूसरे फ़ालतू/ घटिया/ औसत-गुणवत्ता वाले स्कू लों के लिए एक मिसाल बन सके
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62.2.8 👩🎓Education: Higher (उच्च शिक्षा)
🎯 Target: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER: higher education): 26% (2018) → ⏫ 50% (2035);
Add 3.5 crore admission seats in higher education. (उच्च शिक्षा में प्रवेश सीटों को बढ़ाया जाए)
Creative combinations of subjects & multi-disciplinary courses to be allowed. e.g. philosophy
and architecture, Earth Science and architecture. (अलग-अलग विषयों का रचनात्मक सं योजन)
At present, most Private colleges are usually affiliated to some universities. Colleges have to
follow the admission process and syllabus defined by the university. In the next 15 years
gradually more autonomy will be given to colleges in this area. (महाविद्यालयों को अपनी प्रवेश प्रक्रिया और
पाठ्यक्रम बनाने में ज्यादा स्वतंत्रता दी जाएगी)
🔧Vocational education to be integrated. (व्यवसायिक शिक्षण को शामिल किया जाएगा)
62.2.9 👩🎓
Education: Higher → Credit (गुण आधारित शिक्षा)
In the USA, a student completes a particular course =gets credit. When he accumulates sufficient
number of credits he can get a degree.
Students can enroll in more courses to earn more credits and finish the college graduation faster.
Some Indian universities too adopted the Credit Based Semester System (CBSS).
🔖NEP-2020 policy aims to improve it further by creating an "Academic Bank of Credits" with
Transfer of Credits. If you enroll in multiple courses / Institutions = your credits will be stored
digitally so you can combine them to earn a degree. This organisation was set up in 2021 under
Education Ministry. “अकादमिक बैंक ऑफ क्रे डिट” की स्थापना. अलग-अलग कोर्स की पढ़ाई खत्म करने पर गुण दिए जाएं गे,
जिसका डिजिटल सं चय इस बैंक में होगा. इन गुणों को जोड़कर विद्यार्थी डिग्री हासिल कर सकता है.
2022: Govt invited public feedback on the National Credit Framework (NCrF). It aims to
integrate 3 level: to help students avail both educational and vocational trainings seamlessly
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62.2.10 👩🎓Education: Higher → Entry & Exit (प्रवेश और प्रस्थान)
IIT: 4 years course = BTech degree. If a student is weak/wants to EXIT after 3 year, IIT will give
a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree. Such proposal was approved in 2019
so with similar pattern, in NEP-2020 proposed: multiple entry and exit points with appropriate
certification. उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थान में प्रवेश के बाद अलग-अलग चरणों पर पढ़ाई छोड़ सकते हैं उस हिसाब से आपको
प्रमाणपत्र/उपाधि मिले
If you Exit @ What you get? (इस चरण पर कॉलेज छोड़ दिया तो ये मिलेगा)
1 year Certificate प्रमाणपत्र
2 years Advanced Diploma उच्च डिप्लोमा
3 years Bachelor’s Degree स्नातक की उपाधि
4 years Bachelor’s with Research अनुसं धान के साथ स्नातक
62.2.11 👩🎓🕵Education: Higher → New Orgs → HECI
🕵BEFORE (पहले की प्रणाली) 🕵AFTER (भविष्य की प्रणाली)
Multiple Regulators in the higher education Higher Education Commission of India(HECI:
sector for example UGC, AICTE, Medical भारत का उच्च शिक्षा आयोग) will be set up
Council of India (later replaced with as a single umbrella body the for entire
National Medical Commission (NMC), Bar higher education, excluding medical and
Council of India etc. legal education (Bar council). भारत का उच्च
शिक्षा आयोग- जोकि चिकित्सा और वकालत के अलावा
सभी उच्च शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों का नियंत्रण करेगा
It will penalise Higher education
Institutions (HEIs) For violating the rules.
(नियमों का उल्लंघन करने वाले उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों पर
जुर्माना /दंड)
UGC / AICTE officers would demand bribes It will do faceless inspection with technology
during inspections/ for approving the funds ⏬
= scope for bribery, similar to Faceless
(उच्च शिक्षा पर नियंत्रण के लिए विभिन्न सं स्थाएं थी जिन के assessment in Income Tax dept. (फे सलेस निरीक्षण)
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🕵BEFORE (पहले की प्रणाली) 🕵AFTER (भविष्य की प्रणाली)
अफसर प्रत्यक्ष निरीक्षण के बहाने रिश्वतखोरी करते थे.)
Govt colleges may not be subjected to as strict Both Public and private higher education
rules as private sector colleges. (सरकारी कॉलेजों पर institutions will be governed by the same set of
गुणवत्ता के नियं त्रण निजी कॉलेजों जितने सख्त नहीं थे, उनकी rules.(सरकारी और निजी सभी सं स्थानों पर एक समान नियम
खामियों और गलतियों को नज़रअंदाज़ किया जाता था।) लागू होंगे.)
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with hearing impairment. बधिर छात्रों के लिए भारतीय सांके तिक भाषा.
62.2.14 👩💻Education: Open/Distance/E-Learning (दूर - शिक्षण/ई शिक्षा)
We'll provide open learning for classes 3,5 and 8 through NIOS.
We will encourage more online / distance learning courses using Massive Open Online Courses
(MOOCs) technology.
E-learning content in Regional Languages. प्रादेशिक भाषाओं में ई-शिक्षण सामग्री
Divyang (PH) Friendly Education Software. विकलांगों के लिए शैक्षणिक सॉफ्टवेयर
360 degree Holistic Progress Card to track Student Progress (समग्र विकास कार्ड के साथ मूल्यांकन प्रक्रिया)
🔠😰BEFORE 🔠🤩AFTER
Summative Assessment Exams = We'll encourage Formative Assessment = During the
only at the end of semester / year class- ask oral questions, give homework assignment etc
checking factual / memory based to check student's analytical/critical thinking, and
knowledge. conceptual clarity. [रचनात्मक आकलन ताकि विद्यार्थी की विश्लेषण और
सत्रांत परीक्षाएं जिसमें सिर्फ याददाश्त / रटने का वैचारिक स्पष्टता को जांच सके ]
मूल्यांकन होता है
BOARD EXAM = test of memory & Board exams will test core concept and 'application of
factual knowledge. High stake exam: knowledge'. It'll be made 'low-stake' (e.g. school
life and death situation if 99% not assignments marks may be counted, more admission
scored. बोर्ड की परीक्षा: जुए का ऊं चा और opportunities even with low score etc) विद्यार्थी की रटने की
जोखिम भरा दांव जिसमें बाजी जिंदगी और मौत की क्षमता नहीं किं तु वैचारिक स्पष्टता, ज्ञान के अनुप्रयोग को परखा जाएगा. बोर्ड
लगी हो. परीक्षा में अच्छे गुण ना मिले तो भी “जिंदगी-बर्बाद”- उस जोखिम को कम
किया जाएगा।
62.2.16 📊🕵♀️Assessment of students: bodies (मूल्यांकन/परीक्षा के लिए सं स्थाएं )
🕵♀️new body National Assessment Centre called 'PARAKH' (Performance Assessment,
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Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) for setting
assessment standards. परीक्षा में मूल्यांकन कै से करना है उसकी मानक तैयार करने की सं स्था
🕵♀️existing National testing agency will continue to function and will offer common
body NTA entrance exams for admission in various college। अलग-अलग कॉलेजों में दाखिले के लिए
सामान्य प्रवेश परीक्षा
62.2.17 📊🏫 Assessment of schools (स्कू लों का आकलन)
States/UTs to setup State School Standards Authority (SSSA: स्कू ल मानक के लिए राज्य का प्राधिकरण).
These bodies will require schools to disclose information e.g. how many seats/facilities/fees in
your school, how is your school's board exam result etc. → This will public oversight and ⏫
accountability. स्कू लों ने अनिवार्य रूप से अपने विद्यार्थियों की सं ख्या, बोर्ड परीक्षाओं में परिणाम, फीस इत्यादि अलग-अलग
जानकारी देनी होगी जिससे सार्वजनिक निगरानी तथा जवाबदेही बढ़ेगी
School Quality Assessment & Accreditation Framework (SQAAF)= NOTIMP स्कू लों के आकलन के
मानक।
62.2.18 👩🏫Teachers recruitment and training (शिक्षकों की भर्ती और तालीम)
by 2030: Minimum degree qualification for teachers = 4-year integrated B.Ed. (न्यूनतम योग्यता)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) + NCERT to design as new framework for
Teacher Education (NCFTE: शिक्षकों की तालीम/शिक्षा के लिए राष्ट्रीय रूपरेखा)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) will design National Professional Standards for
Teachers (NPST: राष्ट्रीय व्यावसायिक मानक)
Teachers' Recruitment will be made more transparent, merit based promotions, they will be
given more operational freedom in teaching etc. (भर्ती प्रक्रिया ज्यादा पारदर्शी, योग्यता आधारित पदोन्नति, पढ़ाने में
ज्यादा स्वतंत्रता)
A National Mission for mentoring the (College) teachers. With help of senior/retired faculty.
(वरिष्ठ/निवृत्त प्रोफे सरों द्वारा वर्तमान शिक्षकों को गुरुशिक्षा/तालीम दी जाएगी)
✋ Above fullforms / features not imp for UPSC but for UGC-NET/TAT
62.2.19 👩🏫🤑NEP-2020: Funding (शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए वित्तपोषण)
Union Budget’s Expenditure on Education as % of GDP= 2.8% annually from 2014 to 2018.
Then 3% (2019), 3.5% (2020)
Union+State's total public investment in education currently about 4.4% of GDP. NEP aims to
⏫ to 6% of GDP at earliest. (शिक्षा में सार्वजनिक निवेश को बढ़ाकर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के 6% तक किया जाएगा)
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We'll expand & reform National Scholarship Portal to cover more SC/ST/OBC, and other
Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups(SEDGs) such as women, transgender, etc.
(कमजोर वर्ग को छात्रवृत्ति देने के लिए विभिन्न सुधार)
Gender Inclusion Fund to improve education of girl child. (लैंगिक समावेशन निधि)
Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups (विशेष शिक्षा क्षेत्र)
We will encourage private colleges to give scholarship to students (छात्रवृत्ति)
62.2.20 👩🏫👿 NEP-2020: Criticism (नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति के खिलाफ आलोचना/निंदा)
Not enough clarity about funding mechanism and fees regulation, so, it'll only encourage
privatization / commercialisation of higher education.(पैसों का कोई ख़ास प्रावधान नहीं. शिक्षा का निजीकरण)
Not enough focus on girl education, weaker section. कन्या और कमजोर वर्ग का शिक्षण पे खास ध्यान नहीं
Teachers demand related to permanent jobs, good salaries and suitable work conditions not
mentioned. (शिक्षकों के लिए स्थाई नौकरियां ,अच्छी तनख्वाह -के बारे में कोई बात/ जिक्र नहीं )
Only lip service about emotional needs of the students, depression and suicide due to excessive
competition. (छात्रों की भावनात्मक जरूरतों के बारे में सिर्फ दिखावे के लिए चिकनी चुपड़ी बातें)
Doing Sanskrit promotion for RSS-BJP agenda- says opposition parties.(सं स्कृ त का अनावश्यक प्रसार)
X/Y/Z Good Recommendation of the previous committee/ best practices from the foreign
country are not adopted. (अन्य देश और अन्य समिति की अच्छी बातों को शामिल नहीं किया)
62.2.21 ✍️NEP-2020: Conclusion (शिक्षा नीति के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
SDG goal#4 aims for inclusive, equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all. समावेशी, समान गुणवत्ता वाली शिक्षा और सभी के लिए आजीवन सीखने के अवसरों को बढ़ावा देना।
With aforementioned reforms, NEP-2020 will surely help in a long way to universalize the
education, reap demographic dividend and achieve SDG Goal#4. उक्त सुधारों द्वारा नई शिक्षा नीति वाकई में
शिक्षा के सार्वत्रिककरण, जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश को हासिल करने और सतत विकास लक्ष्य में मदद करेगी/उपयोगी होगी
🔠❓Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the National Education Policy
2020 in India? [Asked in UPSC-IES-2021]
(a) It proposes sweeping changes in the Education system from pre-primary to PhD and skill
development.
(b) universities from among top 100 in the world will be able to set up campuses in India
(c) It expects that India will achieve 60% GER by 2030
(d) It suggests NAAC to be merged with UGC and AICTE
Figure 1: पूरा दिन कं प्यूटर पर पढ़ाई करके मेरी आंखे दुख रही है 😰
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By HRD/Edu-Ministry ई शिक्षा के बारे में दिशानिर्देश
Corona lockdown= 240 million Indian children unable to go to school.
o Synchronous digital education: This is real-time (live) teaching. (जीवंत प्रसारण)
o Asynchronous digital education: non-real time e.g. article, recorded TV program.
PRAGYATA guidelines = eight steps of e-learning: Plan- Review- Arrange- Guide- Yak(talk)-
Assign- Track- Appreciate.
Class Screentime Recommendation (Synchronous/ Live classes)
Pre Primary not more than 30 minutes.
Classes 1 to 8 Not more than two lectures of 30-45 minutes each
Classes 9 to 12 Not more than four lectures of 30-45 minutes each on the days
Further individual school-teachers should not be required to teach more than 2 to 3 hrs of
online/day
Do's and Don'ts to ensure physical wellbeing (Back pain, eye strain), Mental health and
wellbeing, Cyber safety, Digital privacy. शारीरिक पीठ दर्द, आंखों का तनाव, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, साइबर सुरक्षा,
डिजिटल गोपनीयता/निजता।
62.4 📐😋🍽📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME (MDM-2001-2020)
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villagers resist hiring of Dalit cooks etc. 4) During Corona, schools closed down but students not
given take home ration or food allowance in many schools.
2021-Oct: Modi announced that above MDM scheme will be known as PM Poshan Scheme:
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62.6 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAAN (SSA-2001)
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Name Description
scholastic activities e.g. play acting, preparing story books
📙ES23: more than 1 lakh volunteers helped schools in mentoring of gifted
children, teaching vocational skills, providing ceiling fans and water
purifiers, gifting digital devices & musical instruments, self-defence training
to schoolgirls, etc.
🔠❓MCQ. What is the purpose of Vidyanjali Yojana?(Asked in UPSC-Pre-2017)
1. To enable the famous foreign educational institutions to open their campuses in India.
2. To increase quality of education provided in govt schools by taking help from the pvt sector
& community.
3. To encourage voluntary monetary contributions from private individuals and organizations
so as to improve the infrastructure facilities for primary and secondary schools.
Codes: (a) 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan is Core Scheme (Not 100% funded by Union).
- Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry
- 2007: Union created non-lapsable fund under Public Account ‘Madhyamik and Uchchtar
Shiksha Kosh (MUSK)’. It receives ₹ ₹ from the education cess levied on direct taxes.
- RMSA aims for 100% universal retention upto class 10 by 2020. (=noone should ‘dropout’ before
class10, सब बच्चों ने कम से कम दसवीं शिक्षा तक पढ़ाई करनी चाहिए स्कू ल नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए)
- ₹ ₹ for building school, library, laboratory, computer lab, toilets & hostels for girls, teachers
recruitment & salary etc.etc.
👻🤧😷📉📚CBSE: Syllabus reduction (पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती)
62.7.1
CBSE ⏬ class 9 to 12 syllabus by 30% for 2020-21 Academic year to ⏬ the burden of students
during Corona lockdown
😡 Controversy? Federalism, Nationalism, Secularism and other important topics were also
dropped from syllabus. (सं घवाद, राष्ट्रवाद, धर्मनिरपेक्षता जैसे अति महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दों को अभ्यासक्रम से हटाया गया)
CBSE clarified this is only one time step for 2020-21 only. So in future these topics may be re-
added. (सिर्फ एक बार के लिए लिया गया कदम है)
2021: Board Exam cancelled ki daily commentary but now it is outdated news.
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62.8 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD. JR.KG TO 12: SAMAGRA SHIKSHA SCHEME (2018)
62.8.3 👨👴🏫
Samagra Shiksha: Notable components/ initiatives
Note: it is possible that some of these schemes are already running from the earlier Congress years,
but henceforth they will be considered a part of Samagra Siksha. So kindly do not raise queries about
the inconsistency in chronology/timeline.
SS Initiative features
Atal Tinkering research/innovation labs in the school with class 6–12. ₹10 lakh given for lab-
Labs ( ATL ) infra. Only the good performing schools given this fund.
(1) Financial Support for Salary of all teachers
(2) Salary for Hindi language teachers in North Eastern and non - Hindi
Salary & funds
speaking states.
(3) - Library Grant, - Sports Grant
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Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas ( KGBV ) with hostel facility up class12.
Girl Child
self - defence training to the girls in the schools
E-learning DIKSHA portal
online portal for teachers training (2016). However, nowadays, DIKSHA is the
Prashikshak
main portal used for this purpose.
free textbooks, upto class8, all children will be given free textbooks.
Rashtriya
Avishkar to increase love for science and mathematics among students aged 6 to 18 years .
Abhiyan
e - Pathshala NCERT books are available for free in digital version on e - Pathshala app .
PM interacts with students , parents , teachers in India and abroad interact to
Pariksha Pe
address their stress/concerns about exam. Normally face-to-face interaction, but
Charcha
during Corona digital interaction.
• Growing Aptitude in Numerical Innovations & Training ( GANIT )
• in CBSE-schools to promote maths, to commemorate the birth
GANIT Week
anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan -on 22nd December (also called
National Mathematics Day)
62.9.2 🕌 Madrassa → Assam madrassas converted into middle English (ME) schools
• 1995 onwards: various laws passed by Assam state legislature to provide funding and salary
to Madres and its teachers.
• 2021: BJP CM Himanta Biswa Sarma said State govt cannot bear the expenditure of religious
education. → previous State laws were repealed to stop Madrassa funding.
• by 2023: Assam government has converted and renamed 1,281 madrasas into middle English
(ME) schools.
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62.10 💰S CHOLARSHIP FOR CLASS9-12 → NMMSS AND NSIGSE
Note: previously, the family income condition and Scholarship amount were lower but in 2022–23,
education Ministry updated it. So if my notes’ facts do not match other Books = it is not typing
mistake on my part.
Matter
🙋♀️🙋National Means - cum - Merit 🙋♀️ National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for
Scholarship Scheme (NMMSS) Secondary Education ( NSIGSE )
2008. But critics alleged govt stopped giving
Launched 2008. Continued till 2025–26
money since 2018.
Classes Class 9–12 Class 9–12
- class 9–12 ke bright student from (1) SC/ST girl
Beneficiary? poor family [if parent income not (2) All girls from Kasturba Gandhi Balika
more than ₹ 3.50 lakh per year] Vidhalayas (irrespective of SC/ST status)
Yes, State/UT Govt will conduct an
Scholarship
exam/test to identify bright No exam to get this scholarship.
Exam / Test?
students.
Union deposits ₹3000 fixed deposit in girl’s
bank account. Girl can withdraw it IF ONLY
two conditions met simultaneously:
Scholarship ₹ 1000/- from class9–12
(1) She completes class9–12 AND saath hi
saath
(2) She remains unmarried till age of 18
• since 2015: scholarship money transferred directly to the bank account of the student linked
with Aadhaar card via Public Financial Management System (PFMS- ref Pillar2A)
• National Scholarship Portal (NSP) to help students apply for these scheme.
• 100% funding by Union. State government not required to contribute money.
• Boss? Edu ministry → Department of School Education and Literacy
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only 20% class3 kids can read class2 books. (तीसरी कक्षा के मात्र 20% बच्चे ही दूसरी कक्षा की किताब पढ़ पाते हैं)
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I. Regular exam @class 5 and 8. [परीक्षा होगी, हवा में पास करके आगे नहीं चढ़ा देंगे]
II. If student fails → re-test within 2 months → if he again fails → State Govt may hold
(detain) him in the same class for another year. So ‘yes detention policy’ (बच्चा उस
परीक्षा में असफल हुआ तो उसी कक्षा में एक साल और रोकना होगा..)
62.12.1 📐🤦♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - other
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 provides for free and compulsory
education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India. here are its important amendments
Amendment Provision
RTE Act shall not apply to Madrasas , Vedic Pathshalas and educational institutions
2012
that are giving religious training.
2017 technical amendments related to qualification of teachers.
changes in the “no detention policy”. State government can take exam at 5th and
2019
8th standard, and failed students may be required to repeat the same class again.
कोरोना के चलते 10-12th की बोर्ड परीक्षाएं हुई रद्द। तो फिर बच्चों को आगे की कक्षा/कोलेज में दाख़िला कै से मिलेगा
Corona-2021: Central Board of School Education (CBSE) cancelled the Class12 board exams.
Student to get marksheet based internal exam using the 30:30:40 formula. How it worked? NOTIMP
- 2017: राष्ट्रीय परीक्षण एजेंसी (NTA) setup as an autonomous body under HRD/Edu Ministry, registered
under Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860.
- Initially, NTA given ₹ 25 cr. then it’s supposed to be self-sustained (by charging exam fees)
- Structure:
○ Board of Governors → Chairman: A noted educationist. Members: From the institutes
for which NTA conducts entrance exam. [अध्यक्ष एक जानामाना शिक्षाविद होना चाहिए]
○ A CEO / Director General for day to day affairs. [रोज़ का काम देखने के लिए]
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Earlier CBSE conducted JEE, NEET & UGC NET entrance. NTA’s task is to conduct those exam
(online), and then expand itself to conduct other exams as well. Presently, NTA conducts →
1. Engineering: Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)
2. Medical: National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET: राष्ट्रीय पात्रता व् प्रवेश परीक्षा): twice a year
from 2019. It replaces the erstwhile All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT).
a. NEET remains in controversy because of the age limit criteria, stringent security checks,
wrong questions/ wrong translation, alleged injustice to non-English medium students,
Tamilandu Govt opposed. (तमिलनाडु का इल्ज़ाम कि हमारे ग़ैर-अंग्रेज़ी माध्यम के बच्चों के साथ अन्याय)
b. 2022: Maximum age limit for appearing in NEET-UG exam is removed. (आयु मर्यादा ख़त्म )
3. UGC National Eligibility Test(NET) for Assistant Professorship & Research Fellows: twice a year.
4. Pharmacy: Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT)
5. Management courses: Common Management Admission Test (CMAT)
6. Hotel Management Joint Entrance Examination
7. National Testing Agency (NTA): to get admission in 45 Central universities.
📐
62.13.1 Edu → Libraries in 👛Budget-2023
For children and teenagers.
(Origin/Data) There were only 20 universities and 500 colleges at the time of independence - which
have increased by more than 50 times in the case universities and more than 80 times in the case of
colleges.
RUSA Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
Boss? HRD/Edu Ministry, core scheme not 100% funded by Union.
₹ ₹ for new colleges, faculty recruitment, research grants, scholarship etc.
IoE Budget 2016: We’ll develop 10 Public + 10 private = 20 Institutions with world
class teaching & research facilities.
We’ll give them 1000 cr over the next 5 year & call them ‘Institutions of
Eminence’ (IoE) उत्कृ ष्ट सं स्थान.
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Edu Ministry + UGC invited applications from institutes → N. Gopalaswami
Committee shortlisted SIX IoE (2018): 3 from private + 3 from public.
😰Controversy because Jio Institute (Reliance Foundation), Pune also
shortlisted as a ‘greenfield project’ but they’ve not even started the institute yet.
Later, they even announced more institutes. Ball by ball
Deemed to Based on UGC advise, HRD/Edu Ministry grants “Deemed to be University”
be status to an institute, then it gets freedom in deciding courses, syllabus,
University admissions and fees. [ये सं स्थान अपना अभ्यासक्रम, प्रवेशनिति, फीस इत्यादि तय कर सकता है]
Deemed Universities can also grant degrees on their own. During UPA raj,
many institutes given this tag, later 40+ found deficient in faculty &
infrastructure so blacklisted.[हालांकि ऐसी की सं स्थाओं में बुनियादी सुविधा और शिक्षकों की कमी]
2017: SC ordered such institutes can’t use ‘university’ tag. So, Manipal
University need to use the term ‘Manipal Academy of Higher Education’ etc.
Sanskrit Central Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020 to convert following institutions into
Univ 'Central Universities' [कें द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय कानून]
- 1) Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi,
- 2) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi,
- 3) Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, Tirupati
✋BUT MORE IMP for UGC-NET exam, less for IAS exam)
(
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3. All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE)
62.14.3 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking : Misc
📊 NAAC National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a body funded by
UGC that evaluates colleges & universities on A++ to D rating.
rating
Edu Ministry provides mentoring to institutions seeking NAAC Accreditation
under a scheme called “Paramarsh”
QS Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings by UK based org
Ranking - Usually following organizations tend to be Top-200 ranking- IIT-Bombay, IIT-
Delhi, Indian Institute of Science (IISc, Bengaluru).
📔📔 ES20: Indian students spend US$ 5.0 billion (2018-19) in foreign universities’ education, hostel
etc. if we want to reduce current account deficit, we must reduce such ‘education (service) imports’.
🔠❓ National Institutional Ranking Framework 2021, ____ got overall top ranking? [IES-2021]
(a) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (b) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(c) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (d) Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
🤳 VidyaDaan 2.0 HRD/Edu Ministry portal To help the educators contribute e-learning
(2020-April) content via DIKSHA portal
🤳 YUKTI 2.0 Young India Combating COVID with Knowledge, Technology and
कोरोना सं शोधन के बारे में Innovation (YUKTI) is HRD/Edu Ministry's portal for sharing info about:
Research, Innovation, Technologies, Startup (सं शोधन,
नवपरिवर्तन,तकनीक,स्टार्टअप) esp. those related to Corona
🤳 Bharat Padhe HRD/Edu Ministry campaign for Crowd sourcing of Ideas for Improving
Online (2020-April) Online Education ecosystem of India
🤳 SAMARTH It is an open source Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP) software. उद्यम
सं साधन आयोजन के लिए बना सॉफ्टवेयर
Helps keeping track of student attendance, teacher salary, fees
collection, exam score etc. It is developed by the HRD/Edu Ministry
under the National Mission of Education in Information and
Communication Technology Scheme (NMEICT). =Such microscopic
technical preparation = NOTIMP
🎅 STARS program Who? World Bank, Education Ministry, Department of Economic
Affairs (DEA, FinMin),
by World Bank
What? $500 million to ⏫ school education in six States viz Himachal
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विश्व बैंक द्वारा आर्थिक
Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and
सहायता Rajasthan.
For Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States' (STARS)
🤳 GOAL Project Facebook + Tribal Affairs Ministry to skilling and mentorship of ST youth
through online mode.
📊 Global Edu by UNESCO. 2020-June
Monitoring (GEM) Corona affected the access to education od 1.5 billion students across the
Report world. Poor suffered the most because of no access to internet.
Plus lots of data but poor cost-benefit in chasing it
🎅 Global Education launched by UNESCO. 2020-May
Coalition To coordinate educational activities during Post-Corona
Yuva 2.0 Competition for the young others to get their book published with the help
of national book trust (NBT)
Akhil Bharatiya It was a summit at Varanasi by the Ministry of Education in association
Shiksha Samagam with the UGC and Banaras Hindu University. The event brought together
(2022) over 300 Vice Chancellors and Directors from public and private
universities- said 📙ES23.
62.16 📐🤳 E DU → MISC. PORTALS / INITIATIVES (BEFORE CORONA)
✋As such Following things more imp4 UGCNET/TAT exams. less so for IAS यूपीएससी में तो इक्का-दुक्का प्रश्न
ही निकले है. लेकिन अगर मैं content नहीं दूंगा तो आपको लगेगा कि दूसरे CA-PDF वाले बेहतर है, भले परीक्षा के लिए माल ज्यादा
😅
उपयोगी न हो
62.16.1 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: School infra/result monitoring
To collaborate with NGO, Corporates for sharing innovative
Shaala Saarthi portal
practices running schools. अच्छे प्रबं धन प्रणालियों को साझा करना
Shaala Siddhi portal Help the Schools in their self-evaluation. विद्यालयों का स्व मूल्यांकन
HRD/Edu Ministry’s portal for Unified District Information on
UDISE+
School Education जिला स्तर पर विद्यालय शिक्षा की जानकारी
62.16.2 📐🤳 Edu → SWAYAM Portal
2017: Edu Ministry’s free Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) portal for school, college
courses. Anyone can join and learn online for free.
SWAYAM = Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds.
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an initiative by 7 IITs +
Indian institute of science (IISC). They’ve launched many free courses on SWAYAM portal.
2019: Version 2.0 launched which offers 1) courses translated in Indian languages 2) online
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degrees 3) better features etc.
e-PGPathshala : For credit (marks) database for SWAYAM courses.
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Which of the following is not a part of the SWAYAM programme? (CDS-2023-I)
(a) Video lectures (b) Classroom lectures (c) Online discussion forum for clearing doubts
(d) Specially prepared material that can be downloaded/printed
🔠❓MCQ. ‘SWAYAM’, an initiative of the Govt of India, aims at: (Asked in UPSC-Pre-2016)
a) promoting the Self Help Groups in rural areas
b) providing financial and technical assistance to young start-up entrepreneurs
c) promoting the education and health of adolescent girls
d) providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free
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NEAT by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE),
(2019) National Education Alliance for Technology (NEAT),
PPP with ed-tech companies to help the poor students to get computer
related courses and devices. पिछड़े वर्ग और ग़रीब वर्ग के बच्चों को कं प्यूटर के कोर्स और
साधन मिल सके उसके लिए सरकारी योजना
62.16.5 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Anti-ragging / life values/mental health
Manodarpan Edu ministry provides psycho-social support to students, teachers and parents
AntiRagging App by University Grants Commission (UGC) to complaint against ragging.
HRD/Edu Ministry’s (higher education) Student Induction Programme.
Deeksharambh UGC prepared guidelines for it e.g. setting up mentor groups, physical
2019 fitness & hobby groups, interaction with teacher before start of semester
etc. so freshers become comfortable in college.
Jeevan UGC designed this Curriculum for Life Skills (Jeevan Kaushal) for
Kaushal Undergraduate to give them Life Skills e.g. communication skill,
interpersonal skill, time management, problem solving ability, decision
making capacity, leadership ability [सं वाद कौशल, समय प्रबं धन, समस्या निवारण, निर्णय
क्षमता, नेतृत्व क्षमता को बेहतर करने के लिए]
🧛
62.16.6 Mulya Pravah 2.0 ethical guidelines by UGC
• 2019: version 1.0 issued → 2023: version 2.0 issued.
• Boss? University Grants Commission (UGC)
• Aim? inculcate values and ethics in higher education institutions- among students, teachers
and administrators (e.g. Clerk, Librarian, Registrar etc). (उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों के विद्यार्थी शिक्षक और
कर्मचारियों में नैतिक मूल्यों का सिंचन)
To fight against unethical / unprofessional conduct in College/Universities such as
favouritism/discrimination in hiring, pay and promotion; sexual harassment; lack of
discipline/bullying/ragging; politicisation and hartal/strikes for vested interests; collusion with
vendors for personal gain in purchase of college, furniture, Library books etc (क्योकि अभी तो कॉलेजो में
बेहिसाब अनैतिक कृ त्य चल रहे है।)
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(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 2 only
62.16.7 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Startup ke liye
National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT). HRD/Edu Ministry
NEAT ties up with Edutech companies for personalized learning through Artificial
Intelligence (AI) [कृ त्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता की मदद से ऑनलाइन शिक्षा]
Smart HRD/Edu Ministry’s annual competition inviting youth to develop
Hackathon hardware / software solutions to address problems faced by Govt
2017 organizations, PSUs and even NGOs.
Social Justice ministry to support 1000 Start-ups of Scheduled Caste (SC)
ASIIM, 2020
youth over next 4 years via venture capital fund.
KAPILA Edu Ministry training college students on how to file patents
62.16.8 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Teachers’ training
ARPIT Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching for online training of college
initiative faculty. [कॉलेज अध्यापकों की तालिम]
EQUIP five HRD/Edu Ministry’s five year plan to improve higher education in 2019-
year plan 2024. [उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों को बेहतर करने के लिए शिक्षा मंत्रालय की 5 साल की योजना]
62.16.9 📐🇺🇸 Edu → Misc: NRI/foreign teachers/students ko bring to India?
62.16.10 📐🇺🇸 Foreign Uni Campus in India- UGC Draft rules 2023
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Network): similar objective & they’re collaborating with GATI
CURIE Dept of Sci & Tech’s scheme to improve R&D infra in women universities.
Swami - Boss? UGC
Vivekananda - Pay fees for girl student’s fees for college.
Scholarship - Preference for such girls who happen to be the only girl child in their family .
♿️ SAKSHAM a Scholarship for Differently Abled Children to pursue technical education .
62.16.12 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Making science/research useful/popular
Dept of Sci & Tech (DST) and IBM Computer company collaboration to
STEM promote STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
learning among students.
Unnat Bharat HRD/Edu Ministry gives ₹ ₹ to IIT, NIT etc to carry out research /
Abhiyan 2014 consultancy for rural / local problems.
ISRO to train 60 talented students from Class 9 to Class 12. ₹₹ by
DHRUV
HRD/Edu Ministry (So later some of them could become scientist)
STRIDE Faculty given ₹₹ for research in this Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for
India’s Developing Economy (STRIDE)
ECHO Prime Minister’s Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) → setup EChO Network
for providing leadership training to scientists and researchers.
PMRF Prime Minister Research Fellows by HRD/Edu Ministry
Talented B.Tech / M.Tech / M.Sc students from selected institutes given direct
Ph.D admission in the IITs / IISc + monthly stipend.
IMPRINT India IIT and IISc joint initiative to solve major engineering and technology
challenges of India, started in 2015.
IMPRESS Impactful Policy Research in Social Science (IMPRESS). It gives ₹₹ to social
science research.
SPARC Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC)
HRD/Edu Ministry gives ₹₹ for to Joint Research Projects between top ranked
Indian Institutions and globally ranked Foreign Institutions.
Further, Ref: Pillar#4 handout → Smart India Hackathon, and truckload of other
schemes for IPR but beyond a point, poor cost benefit.
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• Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR)
• It is part of the 'One nation, One Student ID’ initiative by Education Ministry.
• Each student gets a lifelong APAAR ID. (विद्यार्थी को आजीवन के लिए सिर्फ़ एक ही पंजीकरण-नंबर दिया जाए।)
• Helps learners, schools, and governments to track academic progress from pre-primary
education to higher education. (ताकि प्राथमिक शिक्षा से लेके उच्च शिक्षा तक उसकी तरक़्क़ी पे ध्यान रखा जा सके ।)
• APAAR is linked with Digilocker → students can store their important documents e.g.
markasheet/ certificates → easy to fill up College admission forms and job application forms.
(मार्क शीट/गुण-पत्रक का डिजिटल सं ग्रह )
• APAAR is linked with Academic Bank Credit (ABC) so student can utilise the marks from
various courses for getting degrees/diploma etc.
• If the student changes schools, whether within the state or to another state, all her data in the
ABC gets transferred to her new school just by sharing the APAAR ID. She won’t need to
provide physical documents or transfer certificates. (एक स्कू ल से दूसरी स्कू ल जब आप बदलते हैं तो काग़ज़ी
दस्तावेज़ लेके जाने की ज़रूरत नहीं है।)
• Aadhar card required to open APAAR ID account.
• Registration for APAAR ID is voluntary, not mandatory. (स्वैच्छिक है, अभी अनिवार्य नहीं है।)
• ✋🚨 Criticism? Wohi sab “right to privacy” ki pipudi. (निजता का हनन)
While China and USA spend over 2% of their GDP on research, India spends less than 0.7%.
Presently individual ministries give research grants, which results into lack of coordination,
some sectors receive too much attention, some get neglected. So, (Full) Budget-2019 announced
to setup a National Research Foundation (NRF) to coordination research funding in India.
• NRF is Statutory body under National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill/Act, 2023 (राष्ट्रीय
अनुसं धान फाउं डेशन)
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• This act repeals/removes/disbands Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), which
was established by an Act of Parliament in 2008.
🔬
62.18.2 NRF ke Functions (क्या क्या कार्य करेंगे)
• Target subjects/fields : (i) natural sciences including mathematics, (ii) engineering and
technology, (iii) environmental and earth sciences, (iv) health and agriculture, and (v)
scientific and technological interfaces of humanities and social sciences.
• preparing short-term, medium-term, and long-term roadmaps for R&D (लघु मध्यम और दीर्घ
अवधि की रूपरेखा तैयार करेगा- सं शोधन अन्वेषण के लिए)
• providing grants for research proposals. NRF officers will have the power to inspect such
applicant / college / universities etc. who get money from NRF. (विभिन्न सं स्थाओं को अनुदान देगा और
उनकी निगरानी करेगा।)
• convert research into capital intensive technology / widespread market adoption. (in simple
terms, focus on research which is commercially profitable.) (वाणिज्यिक रूप से मुनाफ़े लायक़ हो ऐसे
सं शोधन करवाएगा।)
• encourage investments & donations by private and public sector orgs. (सार्वजनिक और निजी क्षेत्र की
सं स्थाओं से चंदा निवेश लाएगा।)
• international collaboration (अंतरराष्ट्रीय सहयोग)
• conduct annual surveys. (वार्षिक सर्वेक्षण)
🔬
62.18.3 NRF Funding sources: (पैसा किधर से लाएगा।)
• grants & loans from the central government (कें द्र सरकार से अनुदान,कर्ज़/ऋण )
• donations received. (दान/चंदा)
• income from investments of the made by NRF Foundation (स्वयं इधर उधर निवेश करके उसमें कमाई।)
• unspent fund of the erstwhile Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), which is now
disbanded. (विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग सं शोधन बोर्ड जिसे सरकार ने निरस्त कर दिया उसका बचाखुचा पैसा एनआरएफ़ को
मिल जाएगा।)
• 🎯
Target: spend Rs. 50,000 crore for five years on research (2023–28).
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• 👎 Criticism: Govt hopes 80% of this amount to come from deshi-foreign private sector, but
it is difficult to happen in reality. Previous economic surveys had observed that despite
Indian government providing tax benefit to private companies for R&D, yet companies
doing nothing, due to the jugaad mentality. मुं गेरीलाल के हसीन सपने की 80 % निवेश निजी कं पनियां देंगी!)
According to the National Youth policy 2014: adolescents=10-19 years, youth= 15-29 years.
62.19.1 🕵🏼 🧗♀️Yearbook: Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports (युवा कार्य और खेल मंत्रालय)
Dept 1) Dept of Youth Affairs 2) Dept. of Sports
Attached / National Service Scheme (NSS) is a subordinate organization
Subordinate whereas National Youth Corps and Youth Hostel are simply names of
(सं लग्न / अधीनस्थ) schemes.
Statutory N/A or not MCQ worthy
Autonomous Sports Authority of India (SAI)
bodies स्वायत्त National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), and Dope Testing laboratory.
सं स्थान National Sports Development Fund
Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS-1972)
National Sports University, Manipur
62.19.3 ⚽️🤾🏻
♂️Khelo India Scheme → National Sports Education Board
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports scheme that gives ₹ ₹ to financial help to meritorious
sportsmen, training of the coaches, ₹ ₹ to build stadium and other sports infrastructure,
awareness generation through mobile app, Fit INDIA campaign etc.
(Full) Budget-2019 announced to setup a National Sports Education Board (राष्ट्रीय खेल शिक्षा बोर्ड)
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under this scheme, for development of sportspersons.
Yogasana given status of competitive sports.
62.20 📐 ✍️ C ONCLUSION-TEMPLATE-EDUCATION:
SDG Goal #4: ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all. OR
India can’t achieve SDG Goal 1 (Poverty removal) or SDG Goal 5 (Gender Equality) without
achieving SDG Goal 4 (education). OR
Without education, a person can’t lead productive life in a globalising world OR
Education improves a society’s health and nutritional status, economic growth, population
control, empowerment of the weaker sections.
Aforementioned schemes / initiatives / challenges are important in that regard / need to be addressed
on priority basis. शिक्षा प्राप्त किए बिना भारत लक्ष्य 1 (गरीबी हटाने) या लक्ष्य 5 (लैंगिक समानता) प्राप्त कर नहीं सकता. शिक्षा के
बिना, कोई व्यक्ति वैश्वीकरण की दुनिया में उत्पादक जीवन वहन नहीं कर सकता । शिक्षा, समाज के स्वास्थ्य और पोषण की स्थिति, आर्थिक
विकास, जनसं ख्या नियंत्रण, कमजोर वर्गों के सशक्तीकरण में सुधार करती। ऊकत कदम प्रशं सनीय / ऊकत चुनौतियों से लड़ना जरूरी।
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- In the advanced economies, not more than 25% of the population is engaged in agriculture
( USA 4%, UK 5%, France 14%, Australia 16%). Whereas in India >40%. To shift this
population towards mfg / service sector jobs they must be given skill training.
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Autonomous National Recruitment Agency (NRA)
to conduct the Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen/shortlist candidates
for Staff Selection Commission (SSC), Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs)
and Institute of Banking Personnel Selection(IBPS).
Based on the score obtained in the CET, candidates may appear in the
domain-specific tests by SSC, RRBs & IBPS respectively for the actual
recruitment.
63.1.2 👮 👨👴🏫 🤳
Mission Karmayogi: Training of Civil servants (2020-Sept)
Mission Karmayogi:- National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) To
implement this, Govt employees will be trained for new India. Govt will setup….
- 1) Public Human Resources (HR) Council headed by Prime minister
- 2) setup a not-for-profit company Special Purpose Vehicle company for e-training
- 🤳 Integrated Govt Online Training-iGOT Karmayogi Platform.
3)
Dept N/A
Attached/ Director General Employment
Subordinate Chief Labour Commissioner
Labour Bureau: It publishes Consumer Price Index Numbers for industrial
and agricultural rural workers.
Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS)
Statutory Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)
Central Govt Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Courts under the Industrial
Disputes Act 1947
Autonomous V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, UP
CPSE N/A or not MCQ worthy
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कौशल विकास और उद्यमिता मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>
Dept N/A
Attached offices Directorate General of Training: to see Industrial Training Institute (ITI)
in State/UT have common syllabus, training modules
Statutory Bodies N/A
Related company National Skill Development Corporation (2008).
Autonomous body 30+ Sector specific Skill Councils e.g. Beauty & Wellness Sector Skill
Council, Construction Skill Development Council, Furniture &
Fittings Skill Council etc.
NIESBUD (National Institute for Entrepreneurship & Small Business
Development) @Noida.
IIE (Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship) @ Guwahati, Assam
Non-Statutory National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT 1956)
regulatory body National Skill Development Agency (NSDA 2013)
through gazette 2020: Govt merged above two bodies into a non-statutory regulatory
body known as ‘National Council for Vocational Education and Training
(NVCET)’
Notable Schemes - PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana)
- JSS (Jan Shikshan Sansthan) for Adult Education
63.3 ( 💇👩🔧)→ NSDC (2008, HQ @D ELHI)
- 2008: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC: राष्ट्रीय कौशल विकास निगम) setup as a not-
for-profit public limited company with shareholding: 49% from Skill Ministry + 51% from
private sector ASSOCHAM, CII and FICCI etc.
- Not for profit company. (Also called Section 8 company, under The Companies Act , 2013 ).
The main objectives of NSDC include
• Give funds for skill programs via a combination of debt, equity and grants;
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• Create market-based business model for skill program (i.e. skill training should become a
profitable business in itself. Because if skill programmes are done for free, then trainee will
not take it very seriously.)
• implementing skills voucher programme; (e.g. give ₹1000 ka gift card to a learner, fir uski
marzi hai, she can use it to pay fees for any training program in any of the approved centres.)
• Training of the trainers with help of with states
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Find correct about National Skill Development Corporation? (CDS-2023-I)
1. It is a not-for-profit Public Limited Company set up by the Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship.
2. It promotes skill development by catalysing the creation of only large, quality and non-profit
vocational institutions.
Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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63.4.1 🕵🏼
NCVET 2018 (व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)
‘National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NVCET)’ under Skill Ministry, is a
non-statutory regulatory body setup through Gazette notification.
NCVET will have Chairman + members.
NCVET will be responsible for
1. Advise on short term long term vocational programs / syllabus etc.
2. Overseeing the Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), Skill certification / assessment bodies.
3. Those SSCs will supervise ground level vocational training institutes: their recognition,
regulation, inspection, certification etc. So, NCVET will be an ‘indirect regulator’ of the ground
level vocational training institutes.
4. Grievance redressal, research, awareness generation and information dissemination and
grievance redressal.
63.4.2 ( 💇👩🔧)📯🧔 National Skill Development Mission (NSDM: 2015, by Skill Ministry)
NSDM To focus on 7 areas: 1. Institutional Training 2. Infrastructure 3. Convergence 4. Trainers 5.
Overseas Employment 6. Sustainable Livelihoods 7. Leveraging Public Infrastructure
🔠⁉️MCQ. Which of the following is/are the sub- mission/sub-missions of the National Skill
Development Mission (CDS-2023-I)? 1) Institutional training 2. Overseas employment 3.
Leveraging of public infrastructure Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 only
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2. Skill Loan scheme: Students given bank loan from ₹ 5,000/- to ₹ 1,50,000/- to join skill
programs. (विद्यार्थियों को कौशल प्रशिक्षण के कोर्स करने के लिए बैंक से लोन / क़र्ज़ा मिले)
a. Loan tenure upto 7 years, Interest rate varies as per bank.
b. Bank will not charge processing/application fees, bank will not demand collaterals.
c. National Credit Guarantee Trust Company Ltd (NCGTC, under Department of
Financial Services) gives credit guarantee.
d. Govt / Bank ‘MAY’ give interest subsidy, if they want.
3. National Policy for Skill Development & Entrepreneurship 2015. Shortnote below
4. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) scheme. Shortnote Given below
63.5.1 ( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
) Skill India3 → National Policy for Skill Dev. & Entrepreneurship 2015
- India’s Social-traditional view sees ‘Graduation Degree’ as a status. Vocational training programs
such as mason, carpenter, hair stylist, bicycle repairman are seen as the last option for
academically ‘weak’ students. We’ll generate awareness to break this taboo & inferiority complex
(हीन भावना को समाज से हटाया जाए की वेल्डिंग-प्लंबिंग का काम पढ़ाई में कमज़ोर बच्चे ही करते हैं).
- We’ll try to add vocational skilling programs from class9 itself. (स्कू ल से ही सिखाना शुरू करेंगे)
- When Govt offers ‘free’ skill training, students don’t take it seriously (सरकारी कौशल कार्यक्रमों में भी थोड़ी
बहुत फ़ीस लेंगे, एकदम-मुफ़्त में नहि पढ़ाएँगे, ताकि प्रशिक्षु विद्यार्थी उस तालीम को गंभीरता से ले।)
- We’ll do sector-wise skill gap analysis, update training syllabus, train the workforce accordingly
with Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL- पहले से मिली सीख / कौशल की मान्यता).
- IT based monitoring, evaluation, placement (ऑनलाइन निगरानी, तालीम के बाद रोज़गार दिलवाना)
- New ITIs will be set up in PPP mode. (सार्वजनिक निजी भागीदारी में नए ITI खोलेंगे)
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63.5.2 ( 💇👩🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Boss? Skill Ministry → ₹ ₹ to National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and State
Government’s State Skill Development Missions.
Centrally Sponsored Scheme → Core Scheme = Not 100% funded by Union.
Target: 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022., through following components:
1) Short Term 150-300 hrs training at public sector Training institutes (e.g. ITI,
Training (STT): Polytechnics) and empanelled private sector training institutes. These centres
लघु अवधि की तालीम will be designated as ‘Kaushal Vikas Kendra’.
2) Recognition of Those who already have learned from job / informal training / personal
Prior Learning experience e.g. Tailors, Masons, Plumbers, Cobbler, Hair Stylist, etc.
(RPL: पहले की विद्वता
Their skills are tested, they’re given certificate. So accordingly they may join
की मान्यता) ‘bridge courses’ to enhance their skills without needing to join basic level
courses.
Special Project launching training programs in sectors / persons not covered in Short Term
Training (STT). (जिन्हें यदि लघु अवधि की तालीम न मिल पाई, उनके लिए ख़ास कार्यक्रम का)
++ Training mela, rozgar mela, tracking of how many people got placement, etc.
63.5.3 (( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
) Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) Phase 1.0= 2015-16
Phase 2.0= 2016 to 31/3/2020
Phase 3.0=target to training 8 lakh people in 2020-21. in this phase, more powers given to
district administration to cater local demand. स्थानीय उद्योगों की ज़रूरत के हिसाब से कौशल विकास कार्यक्रमों के
आयोजन के लिए जिला प्रशासन को अतिरिक्त सत्ता/छू ट दी गई
🔠❓MCQ. Find correct about Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: (UPSC-Pre-2018)
1. It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
2. It, among other things will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial and
digital literacy.
3. It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National
Skill Qualification Framework.
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Codes: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3
63.5.6 ( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
) 👛
Skill India Digital Platform in Budget-2023
Formal skill training (online) courses.
Demand based program. (i.e. It’s not like traditional MBBS college 50 limited seats and annual
admission. Here admission to be available for 365 days for whoever ‘demands/wants’ to join it.)
ऑनलाइन माध्यम से कौशल विकास के कोर्स / पाठ्यक्रम मांग आधारित रुप से चलाये जाएँ गे।
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3. Colleges without ‘campus recruitment / placement’ facilities- they’ll be connected with Labour
Ministry’s National Career Service (NCS) portal so their students can find jobs/placement.
63.6.1 👻🤧😷(💇👩🔧)Skilling → Post Corona / Atma-Nirbhar
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