● Magnetic Properties

The magnetic properties of an object are categorized into two groups, namely magnetic objects
and nonmagnetic objects. Objects that are magnetic, such as steel, iron, nickel, and cobalt, can
be attracted by magnets. On the other hand, non-magnetic objects such as aluminum, rubber,
plastic, etc. cannot be attracted by magnets.

● Types of Magnets
There are two types of magnets based on their origin: natural magnets (from rocks with natural
magnetic properties) and artificial magnets (made by humans). Artificial magnets can be
permanent or temporary, and are made in various shapes such as cylinders, rods, needles, U
(letter U or horseshoes), plates, rings, and so on, according to their function.

● Magnet Parts
A. Magnetic poles are the ends with the strongest magnetic force, such as the North Pole and
South Pole. The north pole faces north and the south pole faces south.
B. The magnetic axis is the line that connects the two magnetic poles.

● Magnetism Theory
A. In non-magnetic objects, the elementary magnets are arranged in different (random)
directions, so they do not give rise to magnetic poles.
B. Objects whose elementary magnetism is easy to adjust their direction can easily become
magnets, but their magnetic properties are also easily lost. Such magnets are called soft
magnets. On the other hand, there are materials that are difficult to make magnets, but once
they become magnets their magnetism is permanent. Such magnets are called hard magnets.

● Magnetic Force Lines

A. Magnetic lines of force are imaginary lines around a magnet that are drawn out from the north
pole of the magnet and mask to the south pole of the magnet.
B. Magnetic lines of force have a direction leaving the north pole and heading towards the south
pole.
C. Magnetic lines of force always do not intersect.
D. Places where the lines of force are close indicate that the magnetic field is also strong and
vice versa.

● How to Make Magnets

A. By rubbing
B. By electromagnetic means
C. By induction