Project of SEC - SUSTAINABLE

ECOTOURISM & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

TOPIC - ECOTOURISM, ITS CURRENT

STATE AND POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL
AND CULTURAL SITES AND COHESIVE
PLAN OF ACTION TO DEVELOP THEM

HINDU COLLEGE,UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

NAME - SATISH KUMAR SAH

ROLL NO - 463
COURSE - BA(H) POLITICAL SCIENCE
Introduction
Tourism is a growing industry all over the world. With the advent of modern transport
facilities and increasing demand for comfort, tourism in modern times is having many more
negative impacts than the tourism that was carried out by our grandparents. World forums
are thus forced to de ne terms like ‘sustainable tourism’ and ‘ecotourism’. Ecotourism is
one of the fastest growing sectors of tourism and has been promoted to complement and/
or supplement development opportunities (Hvenegaard, 1994), as it has been considered
to minimize negative impacts, maximize economic bene ts for the local people and the
natural environment, and provide a positive experience to visitors (Wall, 1997)

Ecotourism is a word that was rst coined for responsible tourism in natural areas.
However, the concept of ecotourism can be extended to tourism in any area. Ecotourism is
any form of tourism that does not have any detrimental impact on the environment. The
word ‘eco’ is believed to stem from the word ‘ecology’, in the sense that the ecology of an
area should not be disturbed as a result of travel/tourism. Ecotourism is more signi cant in
Protected Areas as these areas are ecologically fragile. The word ‘eco’ may also stand for
economic. The economic conditions of the people living in and around the Protected Areas
are much lower than those of the people living in cities. Ecotourism aims at harvesting
tourism for the conservation of the area as well as for the economic bene t of the people.
It is ecologically and culturally friendly tourism.

Ecotourism encompasses nature-based activities that increase visitor appreciation and

understanding of natural and cultural values. They are experiences that are managed to
ensure they are ecologically, economically and socially sustainable, contributing to the
wellbeing and conservation of the natural areas and local communities where they
operate.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) de nes ecotourism as the:
environmentally responsible visiting of relatively unspoilt natural areas, in order to enjoy
and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features—both past and present),
that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides for bene cially
active socio-economic involvement of local populations.

Current status of Ecotourism in India

India has been steadily growing as an ecotourism destination. The country boasts
diverse ecosystems, including wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, mountains,
beaches, and forests, making it an attractive location for eco-conscious travelers.
Here is an assessment of the current state of ecotourism in India:

1. Biodiversity Hotspots: India is home to various biodiversity hotspots, such as the

Western Ghats, the Himalayas, Sundarbans, and the Northeastern states. These
areas attract nature enthusiasts and researchers interested in ora and fauna
conservation.

2. Protected Areas: The country has a signi cant number of protected areas, including
national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, offering tourists
opportunities for wildlife safaris, bird watching, trekking, and nature walks.
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 3. Government Initiatives: The Indian government has taken steps to promote
ecotourism through initiatives like the Ministry of Tourism's 'Eco-tourism Policy' and
'Atithi Devo Bhava' (Guest is God) campaign. Additionally, projects like the 'Clean
India' campaign aim to preserve natural habitats.

4. Community-Based Tourism: Several regions in India have embraced community-

based tourism initiatives where local communities are involved in guiding,
hospitality, and cultural experiences, providing economic bene ts while promoting
conservation efforts.

5. Challenges: Despite the progress, challenges persist. Issues like over-tourism,

improper waste management, habitat destruction, and disturbance to wildlife remain
signi cant concerns. Balancing conservation with tourism development is an
ongoing challenge.

6. Sustainable Practices: Many eco-resorts, lodges, and tour operators have adopted
sustainable practices, including waste reduction, renewable energy use, and
community engagement, aiming for eco-certi cations to attract environmentally
conscious tourists.

7. Promotion and Awareness: Efforts to promote ecotourism through digital campaigns,

social media, and collaborations with international organizations have increased
awareness about responsible travel and the importance of preserving natural
habitats.

8. COVID-19 Impact:The COVID-19 pandemic signi cantly affected tourism globally,

including ecotourism in India. Travel restrictions, closures of national parks, and
reduced tourist in ow impacted revenue streams for conservation efforts and local
communities dependent on tourism.

while India has made strides in promoting ecotourism with its rich natural diversity,
there are still challenges to overcome. Continued efforts in sustainable tourism
practices, community involvement, conservation education, and government
support are essential for ensuring the long-term success of ecotourism in India
while preserving its natural heritage.

Potential ecological and cultural ecotourism sites

India is blessed with diverse ecological and cultural sites that offer unique
experiences to travelers. Here are two sites—one known for its ecological potential
and another for its cultural signi cance:

1. Ecological Potential: Periyar National Park, Kerala

Periyar National Park, located in Thekkady, Kerala, is a remarkable ecotourism

destination. It's renowned for its diverse wildlife, lush greenery, and the Periyar
Lake. The park is home to numerous species, including elephants, tigers, leopards,
deer, and various bird species. Visitors can engage in activities like guided nature
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 walks, bamboo rafting, jungle patrols, and boat cruises on the Periyar Lake to
explore the rich biodiversity of the region. The ecotourism initiatives here focus on
sustainable tourism practices while promoting wildlife conservation and community
participation.

2. Cultural Potential: Hampi, Karnataka

Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Karnataka, is celebrated for its
cultural and historical signi cance. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in
the 14th century and is now a mesmerizing archaeological site with ancient
temples, ruins, and monuments scattered across a surreal landscape of rocky
boulders. Hampi offers a glimpse into India's rich heritage through its stunning
architectural marvels, such as the Virupaksha Temple, Vittala Temple, Lotus Mahal,
and the ruins of the royal enclosure. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant
local culture, witness traditional performances, explore the historical structures, and
gain insights into the glorious past of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Both Periyar National Park and Hampi offer distinct experiences—Periyar focusing
on ecological diversity and Hampi showcasing India's rich cultural heritage.

Cohesive plan of action

Developing and marketing Periyar National Park as an ecotourism destination
requires a comprehensive plan that encompasses various facets, including
conservation, community involvement, infrastructure development, marketing
strategies, and sustainable practices. Here's a cohesive plan of action

Conservation and Ecological Preservation:

1. Biodiversity Conservation: Conduct regular studies and monitoring of ora and fauna to
understand and preserve the park's biodiversity.

2. Eco-friendly Practices: Implement sustainable measures within the park, such as waste
management, renewable energy use, and eco-friendly infrastructure development.

3. Ranger and Staff Training: Train rangers and staff in wildlife conservation, ecotourism
principles, and responsible tourism practices.

Infrastructure Development:

1. Visitor Centers: Establish informative visitor centers equipped with exhibits, interactive
displays, and information about the park's ecology and conservation efforts.

2. Accommodation: Develop eco-friendly lodges or campsites within the park boundaries

that blend with the natural environment.

3. Trails and Interpretive Signage: Create well-marked trails with interpretive signage
explaining the ecosystem, wildlife, and conservation efforts.

Community Engagement and Socio-economic Development:

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 1. Local Community Involvement: Involve local communities in ecotourism activities,
providing employment opportunities and promoting their cultural heritage.

2. Training and Skill Development: Offer training programs to locals for guiding, hospitality,
and other tourism-related services.
3. Fair Revenue Sharing: Establish mechanisms for revenue sharing to ensure the local
community bene ts from tourism activities.

Marketing and Promotion:

1. Digital Presence: Create an engaging website and social media platforms to showcase
the park's beauty, activities, and conservation efforts.

2. Collaboration with Tour Operators: Partner with travel agencies and tour operators to
include Periyar National Park in their ecotourism packages.

3. Promotional Campaigns: Launch targeted marketing campaigns emphasising the park's

unique ora, fauna, and responsible tourism practices.

Visitor Experience Enhancement:

1. Guided Tours: Offer guided tours led by trained naturalists or local guides to educate
visitors about the park's biodiversity.

2. Adventure Activities: Introduce eco-friendly adventure activities like trekking, bird

watching, and boat safaris while ensuring minimal ecological impact.

3. Cultural Experiences: Organise cultural events or workshops showcasing local

traditions, art, and cuisine to enrich the visitor experience.

Monitoring and Feedback:

1. Visitor Feedback Mechanism: Implement a system for collecting visitor feedback to

continuously improve services and experiences.

2. Environmental Impact Assessments: Regularly conduct assessments to monitor the

impact of tourism on the environment and make necessary adjustments.

Sustainability and Future Planning:

1. Long-term Sustainability Strategy: Develop a long-term strategy focusing on

sustainable tourism practices, balancing conservation with economic bene ts.

2. Adaptation and Innovation: Remain exible and adapt to changing circumstances,

embracing innovative technologies and practices for sustainability.

Implementing this cohesive plan of action will help in not only developing Periyar
National Park as an ecotourism site but also in conserving its natural heritage while
ensuring socio-economic bene ts for local communities.
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 Developing and marketing Hampi, Karnataka as a site of ecotourism involves a
comprehensive strategy that integrates conservation, community involvement,
infrastructure development, and effective marketing. Here's a cohesive plan of
action:

1. Ecotourism Planning and Development:

Environmental Assessment: Conduct a thorough assessment to identify sensitive

ecological areas and biodiversity hotspots within Hampi. Develop strategies to
protect these areas while allowing sustainable tourism.

Infrastructure Development: Create eco-friendly accommodations, hiking trails, and

visitor centers using sustainable materials and designs that blend with the natural
surroundings.

Waste Management: Implement waste reduction and recycling programs. Promote eco-
friendly practices among tourists and local communities.

2. Community Involvement:

Training and Employment: Provide training programs for locals in hospitality, guiding,
and conservation practices to involve them in the tourism industry.

Cultural Preservation: Encourage the preservation of local traditions, crafts, and arts.
Involve communities in showcasing their culture to tourists.

Community Bene ts: Ensure that local communities receive a fair share of the bene ts
from tourism revenue. Establish community funds or projects supported by tourism
earnings.

3. Conservation and Biodiversity Protection:

Biodiversity Conservation: Establish protected zones and educate tourists on the

importance of preserving ora and fauna.

Sustainable Practices: Implement regulations to minimise the impact of tourism activities

on the environment. Enforce guidelines for responsible tourism behaviour.

4. Marketing and Promotion:

Online Presence: Develop a comprehensive website and social media presence

showcasing Hampi's natural beauty, eco-friendly accommodations, and unique
experiences.

Collaborations and Partnerships: Partner with travel agencies, environmental

organisations, and in uencers to promote Hampi as an ecotourism destination.

Educational Campaigns:Conduct educational campaigns highlighting the importance of

sustainable tourism and Hampi's ecological signi cance.

5. Visitor Experience Enhancement:

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 Guided Tours: Offer guided tours led by trained local guides who provide insights into the
region's ecology, history, and culture.

Adventure Activities: Introduce eco-friendly adventure activities like bird watching,

trekking, and cycling, emphasising low-impact exploration.

6. Monitoring and Evaluation:

Visitor Impact Studies: Regularly conduct studies to monitor the ecological impact of
tourism and adjust strategies accordingly.

Feedback Mechanisms: Establish feedback mechanisms to gather insights from tourists

and locals, allowing for continuous improvement.

7. Policy and Regulation:

Regulatory Framework: Work with local authorities to establish and enforce regulations
that support sustainable tourism practices.

Incentives for Sustainable Practices: Provide incentives for businesses and communities
adopting eco-friendly and sustainable initiatives.

By implementing this multifaceted plan, Hampi can position itself as a premier

ecotourism destination while preserving its natural heritage and providing economic
opportunities for local communities. Regular assessment and adaptation will be
crucial to ensure the sustainability and success of the initiative.

Conclusion
Ecotourism embodies responsible travel practices that conserve natural
environments, sustain local communities, and educate visitors. It's a sustainable
way of exploring diverse ecosystems while respecting local cultures and supporting
conservation efforts. This form of tourism seeks to strike a balance between
economic development and environmental preservation, ensuring long-term
bene ts for both nature and society.

Ecotourism in India is on a positive trajectory but requires concerted efforts

to overcome challenges and maximise its potential. Sites like the Western
Ghats and Khajuraho exemplify the diverse opportunities for ecotourism,
whether through ecological conservation or the preservation of cultural
heritage. Implementing comprehensive plans, engaging local communities,
and emphasising sustainability will be crucial in developing and marketing
these sites as prime ecotourism destinations in India, ensuring a harmonious
balance between environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and
economic growth.
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