Arts and Sciences

TABLE OF CONTENT
 Ag Dean‟s Remarks……………………………………………….…………………… p. 2
 General Education Requirements (GER)……………………………………………… p. 3
 Division Education Requirements (DER)
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences……………………………………… p. 4
- Division of Physical and Natural Sciences……………………………………… p. 5
 Programs under the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences (PART A)
 B.A in English………………………………………………………………… p. 7
 B.A in French………………………………………………………………… p. 15
 B.A in Islamic Studies………………………………………………………… p. 25
 B.A in Development Studies..………………………………………………… p. 32
 B.A in Political Science……………………………………………………… p. 39
 B.A in History……………………………………………………………… p. 48
o Diploma in Social Work…………………………………………… p. 56
 B.A. in Christian Studies……………………………………………..… p. 58
 Programmes under the Division of Physical and Natural Sciences (PART B)
 B.Sc. in Mathematics………………………………………………………… p. 68
 B.Sc. in Physics……………………………………………………………… p. 75
 B.Sc. in Biology……………………………………………………………… p. 85
 B.Sc. in Chemistry…………………………………………………………… p. 103
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WELCOME REMARKS FROM THE DESK OF THE AG DEAN
We wish to welcome you to the School of Arts and Sciences, The University of The Gambia. This is a relatively new
institution and comprises of the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Division of Physical and Natural
Sciences. The Division of Humanities and Social Sciences offered the following programs: Development Studies,
French, English, History, Islamic Studies, Political Science, Christian Studies and Social Work. Students can also opt
for some courses in the following areas: Sociology, Geography, Psychology and Gender. The Division of Physical and
Natural Sciences offered four main programs which include Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
The University of The Gambia is pushing hard to secure itself a lofty place in the academic world. This is a goal we
hope to very rapidly attain if we all demonstrate a steadfast and sustained willingness to work together. This course
catalog is the fruit of such concerted efforts by every member of the School and its contents are quite in harmony with
what you can find in reputable universities the world over. On successful completion of the Bachelor‟s or Master‟s
degree program, the holder is sure to hold his own in any academic circle he may find himself. As user friendly as it
certainly is, it is hoped that this catalog will be a reliable guide to the students in their academic journey through the
University of The Gambia.
The University of The Gambia‟s General Education curriculum for its part has broad objectives. It seeks to help
students holistically develop some general skills and engage them in intellectual works wherever they may find
themselves upon graduation. Students are helped to develop necessary analytical skills which are significant to help
them grasp key elements of social and natural phenomena.
The major areas of study provide students the opportunity to have an in-depth knowledge of a segment of human
knowledge. With a carefully designed curriculum, students are guided to develop their cognitive abilities with a view to
make them independent learners. Free electives are structurally added to give students the freedom to pursue interests
that may lie outside their major area of study but which help to shed light on their major area. The University of The
Gambia continues to maintain its liberal arts education philosophy. We shall always strife to provide students with
general knowledge and skills which shall always put them in good stead to give back to their societies, become versatile
workers and creative decision makers.
In conclusion students are assured of the School‟s willingness to come promptly to their assistance whenever the need
arises. As a matter of fact, this School has always maintained a genial lecturer-student relationship; so do not hesitate to
ask any lecturer for any form of assistance within the bounds of propriety.
Welcome to UTG, your citadel of knowledge!
Dr. Pierre Gomez

Ag. Dean, School of Arts & Sciences
September 2011
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A. GER - GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENT [36 CREDIT HOURS]
Writing Competence GEL 101 : Use of English 1 and GEL 102 : Use of English 2 6 semester
hours
Mathematics MTH 103: Basic Mathematics or MTH 101 : Calculus 1(for all science 3 semester
competence students ) hours
Information CPS 111: Introduction to Information Communication Technology 3 semester
Technology (ICT) hours
Competence
Foreign Language Any language offered except English : FRE 101: Elementary French 1 6 semester
Competence and FRE 102: Elementary French 2 or ARB 101: Arabic Reading and hours
Writing Skills 1 and ARB 102: Arabic Reading and Writing Skills 2 or
SPA 101 : Elementary Spanish 1 and SPA 102 : Elementary Spanish 2
(Note: Students doing a Major/Minor in French or Islamic Studies
should do FRE 103 and FRE 104; ARB 103 and ARB 104, respectively)
Humanistic Tradition GER 107: Cultural Studies plus one other course outside the student’s 6 semester
major area. The course may be in History, Literature, Philosophy, Law, hours
Religious Studies (i.e. Islam or Christianity).
Social and Two courses in the following areas: Psychology, Anthropology, 6 semester
Behavioural Sciences Geography, Political Science, Sociology, Development and Gender hours
Issues.
General Science SCI 101: Introduction to General Science 3 semester
Competence hours
Economics and MGT 100: Introduction to Management or ECO 200: Economics of 3 semester
Management Development hours
Tradition
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B. DER – DIVISION EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS [30 CREDIT HOURS]
(Humanities and Social Sciences)
1. SOC 101 : Introduction to Sociology

2. ELI 201 : Introduction to Gambian Literature
3. POL 101 : Introduction to Political Science
4. DEV 101 : Introduction to Development Theory and Practice
5. FCU 201 : Introduction to French Civilisation (in English)
6. ELI 101 : Introduction to the Study of Literature
7. HIS 201 : History of the Gambia to the 1900
8. DER 301 : Research Methods in the Social Sciences
Plus any TWO of the following :
 DEV 204 : Sub-Saharan Africa Development

 ISS 205 : Islamic Jurisprudence (al-Fiqh) (in English)
 HIS 202 : 20th Century Gambian History
 FCU 202 : The Francophone World
 HIS 101 : Africa in Global History since 1800
 HIS 302 : Introduction to Historiography
 PSY 101 : Introduction to Psychology
 GEN 101 : Introduction to Gender Concepts and Theories
 GRY 107: Fundamentals of Human Geography
 POL 405 : Contemporary Gambian Politics
 POL 208 : Tourism and Development Studies
 ELI 202 : Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature
Note: A course cannot be double counted as a DER and a GER
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C. DER – DIVISION EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS [24-25 CREDIT HOURS]
(Physical and Natural Sciences)
1. DER 302 Research methods in the Physical and Natural Sciences

2. MTH 101 Introduction to Calculus 1
3. BIO 101 Introduction to Biology 1
4. PHY 101/PHY 103 Fundamentals of Physics 1/Physics for Life Sciences
5. CHM 123/CHM 112/CHM 114 Introduction to Organic/ Inorganic/Physical Chemistry
6. MTH 105 Basic Statistics
Plus any ONE of the following:
o MTH 102 Introduction to Calculus 2

o BIO 102 Introduction to Biology 2
o PHY 102 Fundamentals of Physics 2
o CHM 102 Introduction to Chemistry 2
o AGR 101 Introduction to Agricultural Science
Note: We advise students to do all their GERs and DERs from their 1 st to their 6th semester or within their first 3years
[For instance, 1st year – 1st & 2nd semester: 2 GER + 2 DER + 2 MAJ
2nd year – 1st & 2nd semester: 2 GER + 2 DER + 2 MAJ
3rd year – 1st & 2nd semester: remaining GER / DER + MAJ / MIN courses
4th year – 1st & 2nd semester: remaining courses]
SCI 101: General Science 1

This course comprises of three branches of science: Chemistry, Physics and Biology and each of these will run for four
weeks and will be taught by at least two lecturers
After studying this course, students should know what Science is all about, the various groups of science and some of
the terms used and what the three branches of science in this course study. At the end of each module a test or
assignment will be given. The Nature and Character of Science and basic concepts are common to all three components.
DER 301: Research Methods in the Social Sciences

This course stresses the comprehension and assessment of research methods in the social sciences. Students critically
consider the logic and variety of methods that social scientists use to observe the social world by examining the most
common qualitative and quantitative techniques- a survey of the major techniques available to social researchers, i.e.,
observation (covert and overt), surveys, content analysis and use of available data through secondary analysis, and
historical analysis. Students would be introduced to both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, including the use of
SPSS and other computer program data analysis (i.e. SAS).
DER 302: Research Methods in the Physical and Natural Sciences

This course introduces students to the procedure of scientific research. Students are exposed to data collection and
analysis techniques. It brings to light the importance of experimental design in scientific research and their area of
application. Students are also taught on proposal, dissertation, project and thesis writing.
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PART A
DIVISION OF HUMANITIES
AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(DHSS)
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BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH
General Requirements
a. Use of English (GEL 101, 102)

b. ELI 101: Introduction to the study of Literature
Divisional Requirement Course
ELI 201: Introduction to Gambian Literature
MAJORS
Students reading English Language and Literature as Major shall offer the following:
i) ELA 101: Phonetics and Phonology
ii) ELA 102: History of the English Language
iii) ELA 201: Morphology of English
iv) ELA 301: Advanced Composition
v) ELA 302: Socio linguistics
vi) ELA 303: Semantics
vii) ELA 400: Syntax
viii) ELI 102: African Prose
ix) ELI 103: African Drama
x) ELI 202: Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature
xi) ELI 203: Study of the Novel
xii) ELI 405: Advanced Gambian Literature
xiii) ELI 302: Study of Poetry
xiv) ELI 303: Non-African Drama
xv) ELI 401: Chaucer and Some Greek Plays
MINORS
Students reading English Language and Literature as Minor should offer the following:
i) ELA 101: Phonetics and Phonology

ii) ELA 102: History of the English Language
iii) ELA 201: Morphology of English
iv) ELA301: Advanced Composition
v) ELA 302: Sociolinguistics
vi) ELA 303: Semantics
vii) ELI 102: African Prose
viii) ELI 103: African Drama
ix) ELI 202: Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature
x) ELI 203: African Poetry
xi) ELI 405: Advanced Gambian Literature
ELECTIVES
Students reading English Language and Literature-in-English as Major or Minor shall offer any three of the
following:
i) ELI 401: Chaucer and some Greek Plays

ii) ELI 402: The Iliad
iii) ELI 403: Comparative Literature
iv) ELI 404: Literary Theory and Criticism
v) ELI 104: Drama Creative Writing and Acting
vi) ELI 204: Drama and Society
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COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
ELA101: Phonetics and Phonology

The aim of this course is to introduce students to the basic concepts of Phonetics and Phonology and the sound system
of English. The course is restricted to the Traditional Descriptive module since it is designed for students studying
English Language as a Major/ Minor and as a teaching subject. The data and examples are drawn from English language
but students are encouraged to think about their indigenous languages as they go through the course. The course
examines the following topics in detail:
a) Definition of Phonetics and Phonology.
b) The branches of Phonetics.
c) Differences between Phonetics and Phonology.
d) The Airstream Mechanisms.
e) The Organs of Speech.
f) The Sound System of English.
g) Manner of articulation
h) Phonemes
i) Supra-segmental features
j) The English Syllable
k) Exercises in transcription.
GEL 101 and 102 - Use of English

Great concern has continued to be expressed about the falling standard of English in all the tiers of the education system
in West Africa in general and The Gambia in particular. This situation, it is believed, is largely responsible for the
perceived low standard of education in the West Africa sub-region. In view of this, The Use of English course is
designed for those with a deficiency in the WASSCE/GCE English language examination. The aim of the course is
generally to drill students in the use of the language in order to achieve communicative competence which will be a
great asset to them in furthering their education in this very important medium of instruction in The Gambia.
GEL 101: Use of English

1- General introduction to Use of English: language skills, grammatical structure, lexis, comprehension, summary
2 - Words and word classes
 Nouns and pronouns
 Adjectives and adverbs
 Prepositions and conjunctions
 Spelling
3- Definite and indefinite articles
4- Vocabulary development
5- Registers: agriculture, building, road and transportation, journalism, aviation, judiciary, politics and government,
education, medicine, sports, etc.
6- Punctuation and capitalization
GEL 102: Use of English

1- Essay and letter writing.
2- Phrases
 Noun phrases
 Verb phrases
 Adjectival phrases
 Adverbial phrases
 Prepositional phrases
3- The paragraph: devices of coherence/logical construction, discourse strategies/thematization, etc
ELA 102: History of the English Language

This course covers the following areas:
a) The Middle English Period, a period of Great changes.

b) The Renaissance 1500-1600 and the English language.
c) The Appeal to Authority 1600-1800.
d) The Nineteenth Century and after.
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ELA 201: Morphology of English
The aim of this course is to familiarise students with the morphological patterns that make up the internal structure of
English words, with a view to enabling them to describe the various morphological processes involved in the derivation
of words in English and other languages including their mother tongues. This course should also help students to
identify word forms and functions in various contexts. The course will examine the following:
1. Definitions of
 Morphology
 Morphemes
 Morphs
 Allomorphs
2. Types of Morphemes
3. Morphological Description and Its Constraints
4. Morphological Processes Not found in English
5. Word-Formation Processes
6. Word Classes (Forms and Functions)
ELA 301: Advanced Composition (Prerequisite GEL 101 and 102)

Students opting for this course should have completed the Use of English courses at Levels 1 and 2, which should have
adequately prepared them to further develop their Writing Skills, which is the main focus of this course. Activities will
be based on the writing and analysis of expository prose using various models, with emphasis on the use and
understanding of varieties of rhetoric modes and devices aimed at enhancing their creative writing skills. This course
will treat the following:
1. Effective Sentences
2. The Writing Process
3. Methods Of Development
 Exposition (Example, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Classification, Definition, Cause and
Effect )
 Description
 Narration
 Explanation of a Process
 Argument
4. Writing Styles
 Tone
 Use of Figurative Language
ELA302: Sociolinguistics
This course aims at introducing students to the basic concepts of Sociolinguistics i.e. the relationship between language
and Society and the relevance of this to the study of English Language and to their work as English Language Teachers.
The course examines in detail the following topics:
a) Definition of Sociolinguistics
b) Language as used in society (e.g. Standard Language).
c) i) Monolingualism.
Ii) Bilingualism.
Iii) Multilingualism.
d) i) Dyglossia.
ii) Code-Switching
iii) Isogloss.
e) i) Pidgin and Creole Languages.
ELA 401: Syntax

The course aims at examining a number of topics in English Grammar including categories, phrases and clauses. It
looks briefly at grammatical theories i.e. Traditional Grammar, Structuralism and Generative Grammar under this
following:
1. Word clauses, nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, propositions.

2. Phrases
3. Clauses
4. Sentences
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ELI 101: Introduction to the Study of Literature
This course is designed to introduce students to the main genres of literature i.e. prose, poetry and drama. It seeks to
expose students to the distinguishing features of each genre, the tools of literary appreciation and critical reading of
works. It aims at providing students with techniques in assessing, analyzing and evaluating a work of art within certain
contexts.
ELI 102: African Prose
This course seeks to expose students to the themes and literary devices used by African writers to put their works
together. It will also deal with the peculiarities of African prose which contribute to the traits of such works (e.g.
Theme, Style, Use of the Vernacular, Settings etc.). Texts to be studied will be chosen from writers all over the
continent.
ELI 103: African Drama

In this course students will be exposed to themes, style and the use of vernacular in this genre. The course will also
prepare students for actually staging one of the plays they would have studied. It is expected that this staging of the
play will make students understand it the more and make them realize that plays are meant to be acted.
ELI 104: Drama Creative Writing and Acting

Course Description
 Play Analysis: Interpreting a prescribed text with an emphasis on plot structure, character development,
conflicts and resolution.
 Acting: Practical workshops in acting, Character and improvisation skills.
 Voice and Speech: Exercises and techniques to physically work on and improve the voice and release it from
habits; exploring and interpreting character through voice intonation and speech rhythms.
 Writing: Ideas, techniques and exercises that guide students in how to create and write their own stories.
Performance: Play rehearsal with students assigned to roles and with the aim of performing the play (or scenes from it)
at the culmination the course.
ELI 201: Introduction to Gambian Literature

This course will attempt to fill a vacuum and to bring a contribution to written African Literature. For this reason, the
concept of emergence seems, at a first glance, to depict Gambian Literature in English and within, the idea of nation.
The characterization as “Emerging Literature”, referring consequently to an incomplete process appears naturally as a
deformation of the present reality of Gambian Literature. We would examine the content of this concept (emergence)
and appreciate its operative value.
The emergence of a written literature as a result of exterior factors is achieved through the development of writing
basically: the school and formal education, the press, the use of books, etc. These factors would be identified and
analysed. They could create the enabling condition for the emergence of local literature, but could also be an obstacle
to this literature by transmitting, for example, exterior colonial models which may block the constitution of Gambian
identity. That is why we will depart from a reflection on the concept of emergence and its opposite counter-emergence
to a study of literary writings present in the Gambian press – The Gambia Echo, The Nation, Ndanaan and The Daily
Observer. This will allow us to demonstrate how, progressively, Gambian Literature was able to extract itself from
Euro-centrism and classical British literature. Eventually, in our final analysis we will look closely at this gap by
comparing the poetic expressions of the thirties, modelled entirely, in their form and in their content, on English
literature, and the recent productions which are of a completely different tone and style, with non-negligible
consequences on the use of English.
Does Gambian national literature exist? This is the difficult problem that we would attempt to resolve in this course.
ELI 202: Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature

In this course students and the lecturer will examine Oral African Literature which takes the form of short stories, songs
and traditional African Poems. They will also establish why it is difficult to write short stories which are however
popular in African Oral Literature. The contribution of the griot, songster and story teller to African Oral Literature will
also be established. The reason why it had hitherto been difficult to write down African Oral Literature will also be
examined. Reference will be made to anthologies of short African stories and works of writers like Amos Tutuola,
Okot p‟Bitek, Mariama Ba and some Ibo stories told in Chinua Achebe‟s novel: Things Fall Apart.
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ELI 204: Drama and Society
Theatre acts as a mirror, reflecting society and yielding significant information about major issues and concerns of an
historical period. The focus is always on human beings, their suffering, their pain, frustrations, hopes, joys and their
laughter.
Course Description
 To analyze a prescribed play: intellectual emotional, moral and aesthetic values expressed by the
playwright, as well as understanding the social, economic and political climate of the writer, the period
and environment.
 To identify specific ideas and issues exposed through the play, to serve as a basis for student‟s own
research materials.
 To prepare materials in order give a public talk (at the end of the course) on the issues explored through
the play.
 Practical workshops to develop skills in charismatic public speaking.
ELI 301: Non African Drama

This course is designed to expose students to Ancient and Modern Non African Drama. The differences between the
two and the aims of each will be made clear e.g. to teach and entertain.
Therefore the themes and styles of different Non African dramatists will be explored. Drama by Shakespeare and his
contemporaries will not be examined in this course. The latter will be treated in a course of its own.
ELI 302: Study of Poetry

Since Non African Poetry is of a wide variety, this course seeks to examine romantic and metaphysical poetry. The two
are outstanding types in Non African Poetry. The themes and styles used in them will be thoroughly examined. More
Non African poems will be studied in the course: “Survey of world Literature” later in the year.
ELI 303: Non-African Drama

This course is designed to expose students to works of art by Shakespeare and his contemporaries like Webster, Ben
Johnson, and Christopher Marlowe. The themes and styles of these writers will be examined. It is expected that at the
end of this course students will realize that Shakespeare‟s style and his themes were completely different from those of
his contemporaries.
ELI 401: Chaucer and Some Greek Plays

The aim of this course is to expose students to 14 th Century and Greek Literature which are solid foundations of
Literature written thereafter. The styles and themes of authors of these periods will be thoroughly examined for their
literary values. In this course the following will be studied:
(i) The Prologue to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
(ii) The Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
(iii) The Greek plays: „Antigone’ and ‘Oedipus Rex’.
ELI 402: Comparative Literature

The aim of this course is to let students see the richness that lies in diversity. In this course works with similar themes
but different approaches will be studied. Two examples are:
(i) The Greek Play: Oedipus Rex and Ola Rotimi‟s Play: The Gods are not to blame
(ii) Shakespeare‟s play: Macbeth and Wole Soyinka‟s play King Baabu
ELI 404: Literary Theory and Criticism

The Literature-in-English course will end with this aspect. Students will employ the literary theories they would have
learnt up to this point and those that would not have been taught to evaluate works of art and pieces of writing.
Examples will be taken from prose, poetry, drama, short stories, magazines and newspapers. It is expected that this
kind of evaluation will help students to write the English Language appreciably well.
ELI 405: Advanced Gambian Literature

This course provides students with a broad based background in Comparative Literature. It will prepare them for
advance study and research in several areas related to Gambian Literature. It comprises the study of geocriticism
(literary representation and interpretation of space) and the idea of nation in Gambian literature.
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a. Geocriticism: with regards to this aspect, we will look at story space (the spatial environment or setting of
any of the story‟s action), discourse space (the narrator‟s current spatial environment) and „Semantically
charged space’ (considerable function and relevance acquired by spatial elements in relation to characters and
events). Other areas of study include oppositions of settings such as city vs. country, civilization vs. nature,
house vs. garden, transitional space vs. permanent space, and public space vs. private space. Often, all these
spaces are very clearly associated with certain attitudinal stances and value judgments.
b. The Idea of Nation: Here we will examine the difficulties, contradictions, and complexities of determining
which texts constitute the degree zero of national writing. The Gambia, being a link between the Anglophone
and the francophone worlds, (by its position inside Senegal), it is pertinent to be attentive to the resemblances
and the differences brought about by the geographical situations and the historical circumstances.
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Study Plan for Bachelor of Arts in English
Freshmen Year (32 Credit Hours)

Credit
Term Course # Title Hours Prerequisite Fulfills
Fall GEL 101 Use of English 3 None GER
GEL 107 Cultural Studies 3 None GER
CPS 111 Introduction to ICT 3 None GER
XXX XXX Foreign Language 3 None GER
ELI Introduction to the Study 3 WASSCE Credit in MAJ
of Literature English
ELA 101 Phonetics and Phonology 3
Total 18
Spring GEL 102 Use of English 3 GEL 101 GER
POL 101 Introduction to Politics 3 None DER
ELA 102 History of The English 3 WASSCE Credit in MAJ
Language English
ELI 102 African Prose 3
ELI103 African Drama 3
ELI 104 Drama, Creative Writing 3
and Acting
Total 18
Sophomore Year (30 Credit Hours)

Credit
Fall XXX XXX Elective - Mathematics 3 None GER
Competence
SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology 3 None DER
DEV 101 Introduction to 3 None DER
Development Studies :
Theory and Practice
ELA 201 Morphology of English 3 Completion of 1st year MAJ
ELI 201 Introduction to Gambian 3 English Language
Literature Courses
ELI 202 Intro to Oral and Written 3
African Literature
Total 18
Spring HIS 201 History of The Gambia to 3 None DER
1900
XXX XXX Elective DER Course 3 None DER
FREC 201 Introduction to French 3 None DER
Civilisation
XXX XXX Elective - Humanistic 3 None GER
Tradition
ELI 203 Study of The Novel 3 Completion of 1st year MAJ
ELI 204 Drama and Society English Language
3 Courses
Total 18
13
Junior Year (30 Credit Hours)
Credit
Fall DEV 204 Sub Saharan : International 3 DEV 101 DER
Relations
XXX XXX Elective DER course 3 None DER
XXXXXX Elective - Behavioural 3 None GER
Sciences
XXXXXX Elective - Economics and 3 None GER
Management Tradition
ELA 301 Advanced Composition 3 Completion of 2nd MAJ
ELA 302 Sociolinguistics 3 year English
Language Courses
Total 18
Spring XXX XXX Elective - Behavioural 3 None GER
Sciences
ELA 303 Semantics 3 Completion of 2nd MAJ
ELI 302 Study of Poetry 3 year English
ELI 303 Non African Drama 3 Language Courses
Total 12
Senior Year (30 Credit Hours)

Credit
Fall ELI 405 Advanced Gambian 3 Completion of 3rd MAJ
Literature year English
ELI 401 Chaucer and some Greek 3 Language Courses
Plays
ELA 400 Syntax 3
Total 9
Spring ELI 402 The Iliad 3 Completion of 3rd MAJ
ELI 403 Comparative Literature 3 year English
ELI 404 Literary Theory and 3 Language Courses
Criticism
Total 9
Abbreviations: GER: General Education Requirement
DER: Division Education Requirement
MJR: Major
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BACHELOR OF ARTS IN FRENCH
Introduction
French might not be the most widely spoken language in the international arena, but its importance cannot be
underestimated. It is one of the official and working languages of the United Nations and most other international
organisations. French assumes special importance for The Gambia as the country‟s closest neighbours are francophone.
Cognisant of this fact, the University of The Gambia puts premium on the teaching of French to all and sundry.
Students opting to do French as Major or Minor will find in this section all the required information that will guide them
through their programme. Students intending to major or minor in French are advised to read through this section of the
handbook carefully, and if need be, consult lecturers in this unit before starting courses.
Aims and Objectives

The aim of the unit is to build and strengthen the student‟s skills in French. Students are expected to complete a number
of courses to obtain a Major or a Minor. These courses are to be selected under three different components: Literature,
Language and Culture. The general objective of the literature component is to expose the student to the richness of style
and language through the literary expressions of French and Francophone peoples of both past and contemporary
periods.
The general objective of the second component is to discover the use of language in its different grammatical,
morphological and lexical forms and develop the skills to use it, as well as to learn linguistic aspects of French.
As for Cultural Studies, the general objective is to discover the culture of the people who use the language as this is
believed to be of great help in language acquisition.
Unit Staff and Materials

The unit enjoys the support of the French Cooperation which makes it possible to invite visiting lecturers, and when the
need arises, send students for training in a francophone country. Added to this is a wide variety of learning materials
reserved for French students in a section of the university library. Lecturers can be met at their offices for counselling
and discussion.
Prerequisites for a Major or a Minor

Students wishing to graduate with either a Major or a Minor in French should read the following requirements carefully:
1. In addition to the university entry requirements students should have a credit in French with a minimum grade
of C4 or a Baccalaureat from a French high school.
For adult students, an HTC or its equivalent, or any other professional certificate obtained with a Major in French or in
a French institution, will be accepted.
If necessary, a matriculation exam will be conducted for certain students.
A meeting will be convened with all students wishing to graduate with either a Major or a Minor in French, to further
discuss these issues. Students should register with the unit so that they will be closely monitored and assisted where
necessary.
GENERAL / DIVISIONAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS

University Requirements
Every registered student is required to do a foreign language before graduating. There are only two options offered so
far: Arabic and French. FLA 101 is the course meant for this requirement. To add more meaning to this course,
diversified programmes reflecting the needs of the various departments have been put in place. This is in keeping with
an approach called French for Particular Objectives. Presently there are five broad groups: French for the Economist
for students from the Division of Economics and Management; French for the Scientist for students in the Physical and
Natural Sciences, Agriculture and Information Technology and related Divisions; French for the Humanist for students
in the Humanities and Social Sciences and Education Divisions; French for the Law student, and French for the medical
student. Students doing French as a Minor or Major are required to do FLA 102, instead of FLA101.
Divisional Requirements
These are courses delivered to all students doing French as a Divisional Education Requirement under the Division of
Humanities and Social Sciences: FCU 201: Introduction to French Civilization and FCU 202: The Francophone
World (elective). Both courses are conducted either in French or English, depending on whether the student is doing
French as a Major or Minor.
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Majors: Those doing French as a Major will do the following plus the requirements:
1. FLA 201: French Reading And Writing Skills I

2. FLA 202: French Reading and Writing Skills II
3. FLA 204: Phonetics And Phonology
4. FLA 304: Morphology
5. FLA 402: Syntax
6. FLA 401: French Speech Strategies: Perfecting Oral and Writing Skills
7. FLI 201: Major Literary and Artistic Movements
8. FLI 202: Sub-Saharan Francophone Literature
9. FLI 301: The French Novel
10. FLI 302: French Poetry
11. FLI 303: French Drama
12. FLI 304: Comparative Literature
13. FLI 403: Caribbean Literature
14. FLI 404: Critical Theory
15. FCU 301: French History & Culture
16. FCU 302: Introduction to Film Studies
Minors: Those doing French as a Minor will do the following plus the requirements:
1. FLA 103: French Communication Skills (Oral and Written)

2. FLA 201: French Reading and Writing Skills I
3. FLA 204: Phonetics and Phonology
4. FLA 301: French Grammar
5. FLI 201: Major Literary and Artistic Movements
6. FLI 202: Sub-Saharan Francophone Literature
7. FLI 304: Comparative Literature
8. FCU 301: French History & Culture
Electives
Students doing French as a Major or Minor shall offer two of the following – one course in two different areas.
FLA 203: Translation I (French – English)

FLA 303: Translation II (English – French)
FLA 403: Translation III (Advanced)
FLI 203: Contemporary Francophone Writer
FLI 401: Comparative Study of African Literary Writings
FLI 402: Contemporary French Writer
FCU 401: Contemporary French Cultural Production
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
FRE 101 and FRE 102: Elementary French I (GER for non-Majors and Minors)
This course is for beginners in French. It is a general requirement course. It helps students to have a grasp of basic
language skills. It includes a general knowledge of basic French vocabulary and structures relevant to the student‟s area
of study. Only students not doing French as Major or Minor are to take this course.
FLA 103 and FRE 104: Elementary French (GER for Majors and Minors)
This first-year core course is designed to enable students to produce written and oral texts based on a variety of topics of
contemporary relevance. Work on French texts will focus on grammatical and syntactical skills, comprehension and
situational adaptation. The course is taught in French, and is only meant for students doing a Major or Minor in French.
FCU 201: French Civilisation

In this course, students will learn French cultural practices and emphasis will be placed on aspects of mentality and
behaviour. Symbols and emblems which constitute the French cultural landscape will be studied. Moreover, concepts
such as stereotype and identity, cultural stereotype, which are indispensable in the discovery of the other, will be
studied. In addition to the above, contributions of other disciplines in this domain will also be taken into account.
FCU 202: The Francophone World (taught in English)

This course is one of the Divisional requirements. It is an introduction to Francophonie. A critical study is conducted
on the pre and post-colonial developments in the Francophone world. Forms of protest against colonialism in Africa
will be analysed.
FRENCH LANGUAGE (FLA)
The Language segment comprises courses drawn from a multiple range of areas, including Communication Skills,
Grammar, French Linguistics, and Translation. It is hoped that on successful completion of this programme, the student
will be able to make use of the linguistic tools acquired in the classroom in real communication situations.
Level 100
In level 100, students shall do one language component, FLA 103. This module encompasses varying writing and oral
activities which should enable them to cope with Second -Year work.
FLA 103: French Communication Skills (Oral and Written)

This course covers a range of activities designed to strengthen the student‟s reading, comprehension and writing skills.
Paragraph development, coordination of ideas, and identification of plan constitute a major component of this module.
Personal expression, correspondence, imaginative and creative activities are also a significant component of this course.
Oral activities shall include adapting one‟s language to the audience and making short presentations.
Level 200
Level 200 contains language courses drawn from three different domains: Communication Skills, Translation and
Phonetics and Phonology. The objective of these courses is to strengthen the student‟s written and oral expression and
minimize English interference in the French of predominantly Anglophone students.
FLA 201: French Reading and Writing Skills I

This module shall be centred on participation, taking text typology into account. Here the student shall also work on
necessary expression techniques required at university level. They include taking notes, making reading grids, writing
CVs, and short personal and official letters.
FLA 202: French Reading and Writing Skills II (Prerequisite FLA 201)
Activities commenced in FLA 201 shall be continued and emphasis shall be placed on summary and logical writing.
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FLA 203: Translation I (French – English)
This course will help students develop a well structured and coherent approach to translation from French into English.
The aim of this course is to develop the students‟ ability to translate a variety of texts, and to provide a sound
understanding of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. Topics having a bearing on everyday life will be exploited.
FLA 204: Phonetics and Phonology

In this course, students will gain an insight into the sound structure of French, both at articulatory and acoustic levels.
This will provide the basis for theoretical and practical approaches to questions of pronunciation. Emphasis shall be
placed on corrective phonetics, in order to remedy pronunciation difficulties resulting from the influences of early
languages.
Level 300
Level 300 include Grammar, Morphology and Translation. These courses are worked out with a view to solidifying the
student‟s understanding of Grammar and Comparative English and French styles. On completion of this level,
expression difficulties inherent in students are expected to be reduced to the barest minimum.
FLA 301: French Grammar

This course focuses on a variety of verbal and non-verbal forms of the language. These include various ways of
expressing time, cause, hypothesis, and the use of simple relative pronouns. In addition to these, the subjunctive and
prepositions, which constitute a major problem for students, shall also be thoroughly addressed.
FLA 302: Morphology

This course aims at familiarizing students with the morphological patterns that make up the internal structure of French
words, with a view to enhancing their ability to analyze vocabulary. Affixes, gender, number and verbs will constitute
the key components of this module.
FLA 303: Translation II (English – French)

This is an advanced level course aiming at helping students translate more complex documents from English into
French. It shall help students acquire a sound knowledge of linguistic issues relating to translation techniques for
overcoming translation difficulties, and a wide range of translation approaches. Descriptive, narrative, technical and
scientific texts will be used.
Level 400
The language courses in Level 400 are designed to enhance perfection in French. They include French Speech
Strategies Syntax and Translation.
FLA 401: French Speech Strategies: Perfecting Oral and Writing Skills
This course is designed to polish the student‟s communicative skills in both spoken and written French. With the aid of
different written and audio-visual support materials, students shall undergo training sessions in expressing their needs,
feelings, and opinions. Speech strategies being the focal point of this course, the student will do further work on a
variety of oral presentations such as interviews (in order to be able to report orally), debates, and general exchange of
ideas.
The second component of this course aims at enhancing the student‟s proficiency in official correspondence and texts
synthesis.
FLA 402: Syntax

The course aims at exploring a number of topics in French Grammar including categories, phrases and clauses. It shall
briefly examine grammatical theories such as Traditional and Generative Grammar as well as Structuralism in
relationship to phrases, clauses and sentences. At the end of this course, the student is expected to have a mastery of the
principles and processes governing sentence structure.
FLA 403: Translation III (Advanced) (Prerequisite FLA 203 or 303)

In this course, students shall have to deal with more complex texts drawn from a variety of disciplines. Focus will be on
English and French usage in different contexts and cultural references e.g., literary and non-literary texts, and
newspapers.
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FRENCH LITERATURE (FLI)
In this component, students will be exposed to a great variety of French and Francophone literary texts covering
different periods, genres, and diverse techniques of literary analysis. Emphasis will be laid on enhancing students‟
response through close textual study, various theoretical approaches, essay and commentary work. These courses will
help build students‟ competence in both written and oral use of the language, and refine their ability to convey complex
ideas in both French and English.
Level 200
This level comprises Major Literary and Artistic Movements, Sub-Saharan Francophone Literature and Contemporary
Francophone Writer.
FLI 201: Major Literary and Artistic Movements

The major literary and artistic movements of French literature, dating from the Middle Ages, will be the focus of this
course. The literary texts or extracts to be studied for a given period shall be identified within their historical context
and related to the artistic work of its era.
FLI 202: Introduction to Sub-Saharan Francophone Literature

This course is a survey of the evolution of Francophone literature in Sub- Saharan Africa. It particularly takes into
account the historical evolution and trends of this literature from the colonial era to modern times. In addition, the
course introduces concepts, terminologies, technical and analytical skills. A selection of authors and texts (fiction,
poetry and drama) will be studied, taking into consideration the writers‟ different responses, attitudes and treatment of
the issues at stake.
FLI 203: Contemporary Francophone Writer (Prerequisite: FLI 202)
This is a study of the work of a particular author in the contemporary francophone world from the 90s to date. It will
also take into account other works by the same author. An in-depth study of techniques of literary analysis and
interpretation will allow the students to have a grasp of the import of the genre in relation to the author‟s work.
Level 300
The courses in this level include The French Novel, French Poetry, French Drama and Comparative Literature.
FLI 301: The French Novel (Prerequisite FLI 201)

The course includes a study of the evolution of the French Novel since the 17 th Century. The student shall revisit
notions of the novel, such as the picaresque, preciosity, realism, naturalism and the modern novel. In addition, the
student shall study narration techniques, theme and character analyses, and space and time notions. There will also be
an in-depth study of two or three novels focused on these periods.
FLI 302: French Poetry (Prerequisite FLI 201)

In addition to studying versification and other techniques in poetry analysis, the students shall be made to study works
of renowned poets of the romantic era. They include, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine and Mallarmé. Appolinaire‟s
„calligrammes‟ shall also be studied.
FLI 303: French Drama (Prerequisite FLI 201)

The student‟s knowledge in drama shall be broadened in this course. A wide variety of classical, romantic and modern
works shall be studied. This course shall not only enable the students to perfect techniques of theme and character
analyses, it shall also enable them to study classical rules and how they are broken by the romantics.
FLI 304: Comparative Literature

This course constitutes a general introduction to comparative literature and its methodology, and an in-depth study of
themes relating to different cultural forms and genres. These include women writings, commitment in literature, and
literature and exile.
Level 400:
This level comprises Comparative Study of African Literary Writings, Contemporary French Writer, Caribbean
Literature and Critical Theory.
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FLI 401: Comparative Study of African Literary Writings (Prerequisite FLI 202)
This course aims at helping students to apply the theoretical knowledge of Comparative Literature already acquired in
FLI 304 to Francophone and Anglophone African literary works. Emphasis will be laid on the following themes: history
and literature, space and time, otherness and literary methodology, using the geocritic approach, encompassing
interdisciplinary, stratigraphic, multifocal, and fictionalising techniques.
FLI 402: Contemporary French Writer (Prerequisite: FLI 201)

This is a comprehensive study of one contemporary French writer (poet, dramatist, or novelist). An in-depth study of his
works will further allow the students to have a grasp of the import of techniques of literary analysis and interpretation.
FLI 403: Caribbean Literature

As well as studying the convergences within Black African Literature, this course will examine essays and literary texts
often characterized by hybrid tendencies. Extracts from the following authors will be studied: Patrice Chamoiseau,
Aimé Césaire, Maryse Condé, Gisèle Pineau, and Simone Schwart-Bart shall be studied.
FLI 404: Critical Theory (Prerequisite all 300 levels)

This course introduces students to the main ideas in modern literary criticism and theory, geocriticism, postcolonial
studies, formalism, structuralism, Marxism, psychoanalytic and feminist criticism, semiotics, reader-response and
deconstruction. The aim is to use abstracts to critically examine each approach.
FRENCH CULTURE
In this component, the student will explore some of the cultural dynamics of the French society. Films, slides, T.V
broadcasts and newspaper articles will enable students to develop perspectives on French and Francophone culture.
Level 300
This level comprises of French History and culture and introduction to film studies.
FCU 301: Introduction to French History & Culture

In this course, students shall be made to discover the natural landscape of France, her history (from antiquity to the 5 th
Republic as well as the post 1958 period) and her historical sites. French politics, foreign policy, social life including
education and professional training, economy, culture and media shall also be studied.
FCU 302: Introduction to Film Studies

This course is intended to introduce students to studies in cinema (an art-form considered to be part of literature).
Students will be taught film language, and introduced to the tools necessary for appreciating the art. Examples of films
will be chosen from both French and Francophone African cinema, to show the socio-political impact of the genre. In
the African context, attention will be paid to the particularities of cinema as a form of commitment to the popular cause
in the neo-colonial setting (with the works of Sembène Ousmane serving as an example of the link between literature
and cinema).
Level 400
This level comprises of Contemporary French Cultural Productions.
FCU 401: Contemporary French Cultural Productions (Prerequisite: FCU 201)

This course is centred on the dynamics of French culture with respect to anthropological and technological
advancements. In addition to this, interest shall be placed on the efforts put in place in order to harmonize these
dynamics with tradition. Tapes, slides, TV broadcasts, magazines and newspaper articles will be used to facilitate the
student‟s understanding of the subject.
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HONOURS
FLA 500: Honours Project

This project, to be written in French, is a requirement for an Honours Degree in French. The student will choose a topic
for research in their particular area of interest (literature, language, or culture), with the assistance of a lecturer who will
serve as director of research. This preparatory action should be taken either at the end of the penultimate year, or at the
beginning of the final year.
The student will spend the better part of the year working on the project, and finally produce a dissertation of five
thousand words, with notes, references and a bibliography, bound and submitted to the department in five copies. One
copy of the project will be placed in the departmental archives.
STUDY PLAN FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS IN FRENCH
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1st Year (36 Credit Hours)
C/C
Semester Course Code Course Title C. H. Prerequisite
First FLA 201 French Reading and 3 None MJR

Writing Skills 1
FLI 201 Major Literary and Artistic 3 None MJR
Movements
GEL 101 Use of English 1 3 None GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
Second FLA 202 French Reading and 3 FLA 201 MJR

Writing Skills 2
FLI 202 Sub Saharan Francophone 3 None MJR
Literature
GEL 102 Use of English 2 3 GEL 101 GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
2nd Year (36 Credit Hours)
C/C
First FLA 204 Phonetics and Phonology 3 None MJR
FLI 301 The French Novel 3 FLI 201 MJR
3 GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
Second FCU 301 French History and Culture 3 FCU 201 MJR
FLI 302 French Poetry 3 FLI 201 MJR
3 GER
3 GER
DER
3 22
DER
3
Total 18
3rd Year (33 Credit Hours)
C/C
First FLI 303 French Drama 3 FLI 201 MJR
FLA 304 Morphology 3 MJR
FCU 302 Introduction to Film 3 FLI 202 + FCU 201 MJR

Studies
3 GER
3 GER
DER 301 Research Methods 3 None DER
Total 18
Second FLI 304 Comparative Literature 3 FLI 202 + FCU 302 MJR
FLA 401 French Speech Strategies 3 All FLA 100, FLA MJR
200 and FLA 300
F** *** MJR elective 3 MJR
3 GER
3 DER
Total 15
4th Year (12 Credit Hours)
C/C
First FLA 402 Syntax 3 FLA 304 MJR
FLI 403 Caribbean Literature 3 FLI 201 + FLI 202 MJR
Total 6
Second FLI 404 Critical Theory 3 All FLI 200, FLI 300 MJR
and FLI 400
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F** *** MJR elective 3 MJR
Total 6
Abbreviations: C/C: Course Classification

GER: General Education Requirement
MJR: Major Requirement
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BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES
General information
Islamic studies and Arabic language unit is one of the important units in the university of The Gambia. It takes on its
shoulder the burden of teaching Islamic sciences and Arabic language, to open a new dimension before students to
acquire authentic and essential Islamic knowledge, and real Islamic perspectives, so that they can play vital role in the
development of the society.
Proposal of adding some subjects

We –in Islamic studies and Arabic language- proposed to add some subjects in order to ameliorate and strengthen the
standard of graduate students , majoring Islamic studies. The subjects proposed are the followings:
Subjects Justifications
Arabic grammar and This subject Is the focal point and backbone of Arabic
morphology language, without which students' knowledge, and language
ability will be deficient, beside to the fact that they are not in
Arabic speaking country. Grammar then will be their
safeguard, as it will help them to overcome their deficiency
in understanding authentic sources of Arabic language and
Islamic sciences like: Qur'an, Hadith ( saying of prophet
Muhammad) and Arabic poetry, and morphology helps
students to acquire more knowledge about the internal
structure of Arabic words and distinguish between different
forms of derivation which has a link to different meanings.
Tafseer ( Meanings of The This subject explains the text of the Qur'an which is the
Holy Qura‟an ) main principle of the Islamic evidences and it is also the
major source of understanding the religious and social issues
Al-Qawa'aed AL-fiqhiyah This subject is very important for students majoring in
( Rules of Islamic Islamic studies, because it gives the skills in understanding
jurisprudence) the different branches of the Islamic jurisprudence, and it
will enable them to become (Ulamah): Islamic scientists
with high standard of Islamic knowledge
Hadith The purpose of this course is to enable the students to study,
understand, and obtain guidance from teachings and
practices of the prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon
him).And also to enable them to discharge their duties
towards Allah, their parents, family and the society at large.
Faraa-ed Inheritance This subject will elevate the students capacity in a very
important part of the Islamic jurisprudence where the
Muslims are in need of it, So at the end of this course the
students will have good skills and knowledge of how to
distribute the properties of a death person.
History and system of
Islamic Judiciary This Course will give the students a great deal of knowledge
in the Islamic Judiciary at the end of the programme , and It
will also equip them with good Skills in the Judiciary system
in Islam, hopefully they will be able to be Judges at the
Qaadi courts in the Country.
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Bachelor of Arts Degree in Islamic Studies and Arabic Language
A) ISLAMIC STUDIES: MAJOR COURSES
Admission to the Islamic Studies major program requires the students to have completed Islamic Studies I i.e.
Introduction to the Concept of Education in Islam with a grade of at least “C”. In order to graduate with a major in
Islamic Studies, students must complete University and Department requirements together with the following Islamic
courses:
Amendment of some Islamic studies: MAJOR COURSE

1. ISS 101: INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM (100 level)
2. ISS 102: Introduction To Islam And The History Of Islamic Sciences (100 level)
3. ISS 201: The Science of Qur'an (200 level)
4. ISS 203: The Science of Hadith ( 200 level
5. ISS 205: Islamic Jurisprudence ( AL-Fiqh ) 200 level
6. ISS 207: Biography of the prophet ( 200 level )
7. ISS 301: Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (in Arabic for majors ) (300 level)
8. ISS 303: Islamic Aqeedah (300 level ) in Arabic for majors.
9. ISS 305: HISTORY OF ISLAMIC LEGISLATION (300 LEVEL)
10. ISS 307 : Sources of Islamic Law ( 300 LEVEL )
11. ARB 309: ARABIC GRAMMAR and mophology (300 level) to taught in Arabic .
12. ISS 405: Reading in Islamic philosophy (400 level )
13. ISS 407 : History and system of Islamic Judiciary (400 level) to be taught in English.
14. ISS 409: Research Methodology ( 400 LEVEL )
15. ISS 413: FARAA-ED Inheritance ( 400 level ) to be taught in Arabic .
In addition to 3 electives from :

1. ISS 403: Issues in Islamic economics (400 level )
2. ISS 411 : Islamic Institutions (200 level)
3. ISS 415 : Tafseer ( Meanings of the Holy Qura’an ) (300 level )
4. ISS 417 :Al-Qawa'aed AL-fiqhiyah ( Rules of Islamic jurisprudence) (400)
5. ISS 419: Hadith ( Sayings of the Prophet P. B. U. H ) ( 400 level)
B) ISLAMIC STUDIES: MINOR COURSES
Admission to the Islamic minor programme requires students to have completed Islamic studies I and II with a pass
mark of at least „C‟. In order to minor in Islamic Studies, students must complete University and faculty requirements
together with the following Islamic courses:
MINOR CORE COURSES:

1. ISS 101: INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM (100 level)
2. ISS 201: The Science of Qur'an (200 level)
3. ISS 203: The Science of Hadith ( 200 level) to be taught in English
4. ISS 205: Islamic Jurisprudence ( AL-Fiqh ) 200 level
5. ISS 303: Islamic Aqeedah (300 level )
6. ISS 305: Principles Of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usulul -Fiqh ) 300 level ( in English ).
7. ISS 405: Reading in Islamic philosophy (400 level )
8. ISS 401: Issues in Muslim political thought (400 level)
9. ISS 411: Islamic institutions (400 level)
10. ISS 419: Hadith ( saying of prophet Muhammad) 200 LEVEL)
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In addition, one elective from :
1. ISS 407 Islam and the clash of civilizations ( 400 level )

2. ISS 403: Issues in Islamic economics (400 level )
3. ISS 207: Biography of the prophet ( 200 level ) to be taught in English )
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND PREREQUISITES:
All courses offered in the department follow a uniform pattern in terms of teaching. The ideas and methodology of
Islamic Sciences are presented before proceeding to the courses of Islamic civilization.
ISLAMIC STUDIES I
ISS 101: INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM
This course aims at introducing students to the worldview of Islam by presenting some of the key Islamic concepts
around which the Islamic worldview revolves. The main purpose of this course is to inculcate in students the simple
wisdom behind their religious obligations. In addition to this, the course shall focus on the Prophetic style of education
through which Arabia was changed within few years from a place of barbarism, tribalism, ignorance and chaos into a
center of civilization, harmony, brotherhood and stability. The target is to give them an initial insight into the worldview
of Islam by contrasting the key Islamic concepts with the key secular concepts of the West touching upon Muslim
traditional education.
ISLAMIC STUDIES II
ISS 102: Introduction To Islam And The History Of Islamic Sciences (Prerequisite: Islamic Studies I)
This course is designed to introduce students to the history of different Islamic Sciences. Having already got a
reasonable grasp of what Islamic worldview is all about, they need to be introduced to the history of its different and
various sciences. The course further aims to consolidate the students‟ initial grasp of the worldview of Islam. At the end
of the course, the students will be able to distinguish any possible contradiction between Islam the natural sciences.
ISS 201: Ulum Al-Qur’an (The Sciences Of The Qur’an)

(Prerequisite: Islamic Studies I and II)
This course is designed to deepen students‟ knowledge in the sciences of the Qur‟an. After having attended Islamic
Studies II course with at least a credit, students are now introduced to this course as an independent science. It studies
different issues among which are The Qur‟an, its revelation, its collection and compilation. This course is a core course
taught in Arabic to those who want to major in Islamic Studies and are expected to have a reasonable mastery of the
Arabic Language.
ISS 203: The Sciences of the Hadith

(Prerequisite: The Science of Qur’an)
This course examines issues of contemporary relevance. Being unduly influenced by alien materialistic philosophies,
Muslims need to be reintroduced to the science of the hadith. This course attempts to demonstrate the special place of
the Sunnah of the Prophet in the life of the Muslim, as well as its relevance today both in the intellectual domain of the
Shari’ah and in modern life. It studies issues such as collection and authentication of the hadith of the Prophet, types of
hadith and the phenomenon of forgery, its causes as well as abrogation. The history and methodology of hadith will also
be taught in this course. It is expected that at the end students will be sufficiently equipped to escape the nagging
problems of the „generation gap‟.
ISS 205: Al-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)

(Prerequisite: The sciences of Qur’an and hadith)
This course deals with issues of legal nature. It is intended to examine questions pertaining to purification, types of
purifying waters and how to observe the five pillars of Islam in accordance with al-Shari’ah, the Islamic law. The focus
here will be the Maliki school of thought. However, necessary references to other schools of thought will also be made
in order to broaden the legal perspective of the students.
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ISS 207: Seerah (Biography of the Prophet)
(Prerequisite: Arabic Reading and Writing skills I)
This course is intended to familiarize students with the history of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It will
study the prophet as a person, his deeds during peace and war, his relationship with both Muslims and non-Muslims as
an ordinary man and as a Head of State.
ISS 301: Usul Al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)

This course studies Usul al-Fiqh in depth and it draws largely from the Qur‟an and the Sunnah as the textual sources of
the Shari‟ah. It also delves into the rational sources like giyas and public interest. It equally aims at investigating issues
like Illah (effective cause). At the end of the course, students are expected to see the relevance of Principles of Islamic
Jurisprudence to the world and to discover the way this course can help revitalize Muslim intellectual potentials which
have been stagnant for centuries now.
ISS 303: Islamic Aqeedah (Theology)

(Prerequisite: Islamic Studies I, Islamic Studies II and the Sciences of the Qur’an )
This course aims at deepening students‟ faith in Allah and strengthening their certainty about Him by introducing
textual and rational evidences of a theological nature. It studies some metaphysical realities such as Allah‟s attributes,
creation and indebtedness of the world of physics to Him. Some misconceptions about Islamic thought and philosophy
will also be corrected. Its main object is to expose students to different theological questions in order to come out with
the view of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al- jama’ah (the main stream Sunni School) as the preferred view.
ISS 305: Tareekh al-Tashreei’ (History of Islamic Legislation)

This course deals with the history of Islamic Law. It shall focus on the methods of legislation in Islam, identifying the
source of sovereignty and authority in Islam and examining some of the secondary sources of the Islamic Law and their
applicability in today‟s complex life style.
ISS 307: The Sources of Islamic Law

(Prerequisite: Science of the Qur’an, Hadith and Fiqh)
This course investigates in more depth the primary as well as secondary sources of the Islamic Law. Both the flexible
and inflexible Islamic principles will be further examined. Islamic Law as a vehicle that can accommodate all emerging
activities of mankind will thoroughly be scrutinized. The practicability of the sources of the Shari‟ah in modern age will
be shown through contemporary economic and social examples such as banking.
ISS 401: Issues in Muslim Political Thought (Prerequisite: Arabic reading and writing skills II)
This course is designed to introduce students to some Islamic constitutional and political issues. Its main objective is to
show the Islamic identity at the organizational level. It focuses on al- Khilaafah (Islamic Government) to highlight the
relationship between Shuraa and democracy and to touch upon issues like de facto and de jure governments in Islam
in relation to similar organizations in the Western civilization.
ISS 403: Issues in Islamic Economics

(Prrequisite: Principles of Economics)
This course is intended to familiarize students with the principles of Islamic Economics. It aims at examining issues on
Islamic dealings such as partnerships, fund mobilization and Islamic Banking. It will also examine some modes of the
conventional economies like supply and demand and some forms of conventional partnerships to allow the students see
the degree of their conformity with the Shari‟ah.
ISS 405: Reading in Islamic Philosophy

(Prerequisite Islamic ‘Aqeedah)
This course is intended to examine a number of issues in Islamic philosophy by studying the views of some Muslim
leading thinkers like Ibn Sina, Imam, Abu Hamid al- Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah and others. It also examines the
relationship between Islamic theology and philosophy. The main aim is to respond to certain philosophical questions
that are incompatible with the Islamic faith as explained by the Prophet and his disciples. The course will also shed light
on the issues of al-Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) and its relationship with philosophy and theology.
ISS 409: Research Methodology (Prerequisite: completion of at least 12 courses of the Major)
This course aims at introducing students to the methodology of writing assignments, thesis and dissertations. Students,
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especially those who are interested in furthering their education, must be taught the techniques of research. At the end
of the course, students are expected to do a number of assignments and a project paper that will demonstrate their ability
to use the research techniques taught.
ISS 411: Islamic Institutions (400 level)

Prerequisite: issues in Islamic Economics
This course investigates a number of socio-economic institutions such as the Institution of the family, the Institution of
al-Hisbah (price control or public moral office), the Institution of Zakah and the Institution of Waqf (endowment). At
the end of the course the students are expected to have the ability to theorize and to institutionalize these lawful socio-
economic arms and be able to draw the borderline between these institutions and other business cooperates.
ARABIC LANGUAGE
ARB 101and ARB 102: Arabic Reading and Writing Skills I

This course aims at familiarizing students with skills in reading and writing the Arabic Language.
ARB 103 and ARB 104: Arabic Reading and Writing Skills II
(Prerequisite: Reading and Writing Skills I)
This course is designed to familiarize students with the Arabic Language. Students are introduced to this course to
strengthen their reading, writing and speaking capabilities. Its main purpose is to equip them with the tools that will
enable them work on any Arabic material with relative ease.
ARB 309: Arabic grammar and Morphology

Prerequisite : Arabic I and II
This subject Is the focal point and backbone of Arabic language, without which students' knowledge, and language
ability will be deficient, beside to fact that they are not in Arabic speaking country. Grammar then will be their
safeguard, as it will help them to overcome their deficiency in understanding authentic sources of Arabic language and
Islamic sciences like: Qur'an, Hadith ( saying of prophet Muhammad) and Arabic poetry, Morphology Is the twin sister
of Arabic grammar, it helps students to acquire more knowledge about the internal structure of Arabic words and
distinguish between different forms of derivation which has a link to different meanings.
ARB 418 : Hdith

Prerequisite : Science of Hadith
The purpose of this course is to enable the students to study, understand, and obtain guidance from teachings and
practices of the prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him).And also to enable them to discharge their duties towards
Allah, their parents, family and the society at large.
ISS 413 Al-fraa-ed Inheritance

( Prerequisite : Fiqh )
This subject will elevate the students capacity in a very important part of the Islamic jurisprudence where the Muslims
are in need of it, So at the end of this course the students will have a good knowledge of how to distribute the properties
of a diseased, and will know the deserve persons, the Cause of inherit, and the shares of the inherit ants .
ISS 407 History and system of Islamic Judiciary

Prerequisites ( Taareehut – tashree History of Islamic legislation )
This Course will give the students a great deal of knowledge in the Islamic Judiciary at the end of the programme , and
It will also equip them with good Skills in the Judiciary system in Islam, hopefully they will be able to be Judges at the
Qaadi courts in the Country.
ISS 415 : Tafseer ( meanings of the Holy Qura’an )

Prerequisites : Science of Qura’an
This subject explains the text of the Holy Qur'an which is the main principle of the Islamic evidences and it is also the
major source of understanding the religious and social issues .
ISS 417 : Al-Qawa'aed AL-fiqhiyah ( Rules of Islamic jurisprudence)

Prerequisites ( Sources of Islamic Law, Tareehut – tashree )
This subject is very important for students majoring in Islamic studies, because it gives the skills in understanding the
different branches of the Islamic jurisprudence, and it will enable them to become (Ulamah): Islamic scientists with
29
high standard of Islamic knowledge
STUDY PLAN FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES

Credit
Term Course # Title Hours Prerequisite Fulfils
ISS 201 Ulum Al-Qur‟an 3 Islamic Studies I & II MAJ
ARB 101 Arabic Reading & Writing 3 None GER

Skills I
ISS 101 Introduction to the 3 None DER
Concept of Education in
Islam
Total 18
Civilisation
ARB 102 Arabic Reading & Writing 3 ARB 101 GER
Skills II
ISS 102 Introduction to Islam & 3 Islamic Studies I MAJ
the History of Islamic
Sciences
ISS 201 The Science of Hadith 3 The Science of Qur‟an MAJ
Total 18

Credit
Fall XXXXXX Elective - Mathematics 3 None GER
Competence
Theory and Practice
ISS 205 Al Figh (Islamic 3 The sciences of MAJ
Jurisprudence) Qur‟an & Hadith
ISS 207 Seerah (Biography of the 3 ARB 101 MAJ
Prophet)
Total 15
Spring XXXXXX Elective DER course 3 None DER
HIS 201 History of The Gambia to 3 None DER
1900
LITE 200 Introduction to Gambian 3 LITE 100 DER
Literature
ISS 303 Islamic Aqeedah 3 ARB 101, 102 & ISS MAJ
(Theology) 201
ISS 305 Tareekh al-Tashreei MAJ
(History of Islamic
Legislation) 3 None
3
30
Total 15

Credit
Fall XXXXXX Elective - Humanistic 3 None GER
Tradition
DEV 204 Sub Saharan : 3 DEV 101 DER
International Relations
XXXXXX Elective DER course 3 None DER
ISS 301 Usul Al Fiqh (Principles None MAJ
of Islamic
Jurisprudence)
ISS 307 The Sources of Islamic 3 ISS 201, Hadith & MAJ
Law Fiqh
ARB 309: ARABIC GRAMMAR 3 MAJ
Total 15
Spring XXXXXX Elective - Behavioural 3 None GER
Sciences
ISS 400 Islamic Institutions 3 None MIN
ISS 419 : Hadith ( saying of 3 MIN
prophet Muhammad)
XXXXXX Elective - Behavioural 3 None GER
Sciences
XXXXXX Elective - Economics 3 None GER
and Management
Tradition
Total 15

Credit
Fall ISS 403 Issues in Islamic 3 Principles of MAJ
Economics Economics
ISS 405 Reading in Islamic 3 Islamic Aqeedah MAJ
Philosophy
ISS 401: Issues in Muslim 3 Arabic reading and MIN
political thought writing skills II
ISS 417: Al qawa;aed Al fiqhiyah 3 MAJ

Total 15
Spring ISS 415 Tafseer ( Meanings of 3 None MAJ
the Holy Qura’an )
ISS 407 History and System of 3 MAJ
Islamic Judiciary
ARB 413: Al- Fraaed Inheritance 3 MAJ
Total 15
MJR: Major Requirements for degree
31
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
INTRODUCTION
This programme offers a challenging, multi-disciplinary exploration of development, underdevelopment, poverty, and
economic and social changes in developing countries. Based upon the internationally recognised research expertise of
the staff at the unit of Development Studies, the programme gives students the opportunity to explore social, political
and economic changes in the developing world. It examines key issues and themes in international development, as well
as analysing the roles and impact of a wide variety of formal and informal development actors.
The BA programme in Development Studies is a combined degree with opportunity for honours, allowing students to
blend a critical awareness of international development, with a solid grounding in another discipline or subject area.
This allows Development Studies students to place the knowledge they gain as part of their degree within a specific
regional, cultural or disciplinary context. The ability to combine Development Studies with the range of research,
resource and teaching expertise in Africa and Asia gives students an unrivalled range of options to choose from.
GENERAL AIM
The aim of the programme is to assist participants to enhance their understanding of the nature, problems and
possibilities of development in developing countries. It is intended for anyone involved or concerned with development
issues for reasons of work, active support or personal interest·
The objectives of the programme are:
1. To offer a high quality academic training in development studies, exploring contemporary theories in the social
sciences and development policies and practices;
2. To help students demonstrate critical awareness of global issues and contribute positively to finding solution to
the problems of poverty and underdevelopment;
3. To equip students with the technical know –how to analyse different sectoral policies and evaluate them in
relation to their impact on humans and the environment in order to better advise policy makers on the likely
consequences on such public policies;
4. To encourage students acquire critical and analytical approaches to development issues;
To relate development issues to participants' own work and life experience;
Career Opportunities and Further Study
The BA programme in Development Studies provides students the opportunity to pursue careers in both public and
private sectors as well as national and international organizations, NGO‟s, community development and development
education sectors.
A number of former BA students from UTG have successfully used the BA award to be employed in established
financial institutions, local and international organizations, multinational organizations, public corporations, civil
society organizations in The Gambia and also as a stepping stone to further studies at MA/M.Sc in Development
Studies or in most of the courses slated below in universities abroad.
32
CORE COURSES FOR MAJOR IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE Semester Prerequisite Course
Hours Classific
ation
DEV.103 Popular Approaches to Development 3 None Major
DEV.104 Poverty and Development 3 None Major
DEV.201 Development Economics 3 Dev. 101 Major
DEV.202 Introduction to Urban Designs 3 Dev.103 Major
DEV.205 Rights-Based Approach to Development 3 None Major
DEV.206 Governance, Administration and Development 3 None Major
DEV.301 Project Planning & Management 3 Dev. 102 Major
DEV.302 Seminar in Development Studies (Conceptual/ 3 Dev.101/ Major
Contemporary) 102/201/ 205
DEV.304 Rural and Urban Development 3 Dev.103/ Major
104
DEV. 305 Disaster Preparedness Management 3 None Major
DEV.401 Sustainable Development 3 Dev.308 Major
DEV.402 Human Resource Management and 3 None Major
Development
DEV.403 Social Development Policy Studies 3 None Major
DEV.406 Tourism and Development 3 None Major
DEV. 407 Public Policy Evaluations 3 Dev. 102/ 201 Major
CORE COURSES FOR MINOR IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (SEVEN MANDATORY/CORE COURSES)

Hours Classification
DEV.103 Popular Approaches to Development 3 None Core
DEV.201 Development Economics 3 Dev. 101 Core
DEV.206 Governance, Administration and 3 None Core
Development
DEV.301 Project Planning & Management 3 None Core
DEV.304 Rural and Urban Development 3 Dev.103/104 Core
DEV.401 Sustainable Development 3 Dev.308 Core
DEV.403 Social Development Policy Studies 3 None Core
ELECTIVES FOR MAJORS/MINORS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (CHOOSE ANY 3)

Hour Classification
DEV.102 Developing Planning 3 None Elective
DEV.105 Introduction to Community Development 3 None Elective
Studies
DEV.107 Introduction to Logic 3 None Elective
DEV.203 Population and Development 3 None Elective
DEV.207 Environmental Impact Assessment Studies 3 None Elective
DEV.306 Community Organization and Development 3 Dev. 105 Elective
DEV.308 Culture, Environment & development 3 Dev.105 Elective
DEV. 405 National Human Development Approach 3 None Elective
DEV.408 Strategic Planning and Management 3 None Elective
DEV 409 Project Report/Dissertation 6 Students must Honours
have a cumulative
Research
grade points of
(This is mainly for honours students) 3.2. before writing
a dissertation.
33
ARRANGEMENT OF COURSES BY SEMESTER
FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE Semester Pre Course
Hours requisite Classificati
on
DEV.101 Introduction to Development Studies: Theory 3 None Core
&Practice
DEV.104 Poverty and Development 3 None Core
DEV.105 Introduction to Community Development Studies 3 None Elective
MTH.103 Basic Mathematics 3 None GER
HIS. 101 History of The Gambia up to 1900 3 None GER
Writing Skills: Use of English 3 None GER
FIRST YEAR SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE Semester Prerequisit Course
Hours e Qualificati
on
DEV.102 Development Planning 3 None Core
DEV.103 Popular Approaches to Development 3 None Elective
DEV.107 Introduction to Logic 3 None Elective
POL. 104 Introduction to Third World Politics 3 None DER
SOC.100 Introduction to Sociology 3 None DER
LIT. 100 Introduction to Study of Literature 3 None GER
SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE Semester Pre Course
Hour requisite Qualificati
on
DEV.201 Development Economics 3 None Core
DEV.203 Population and Development 3 None Elective
DEV.204 Sub-Sahara Africa: International Relations 3 None Elective
DEV.206 Governance, Administration and Development 3 None Elective
GEN. 201 Gender and Sectoral Practices 3 None DER
LIT. 101 Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature 3 None GER
SECOND YEAR SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE Prerequisit Course
Semester e Qualificati
Hour on
DEV.202 Introduction to Urban Designs 3 None Electives
DEV.205 Rights-Based Approach to Development 3 None Core
DEV.207 Environmental Impact Assessment Studies 3 None Electives
GEN 101 Introduction to French Civilization in English 3 None GER
POL. 206 Islam in World Politics 3 None DER
FRE. 205 The Francophone World (in English) 3 None DER
34
THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER
Hour Qualification
DEV.302 Seminar in Development Studies (Conceptual/ 3 Core
Contemporary)
DEV.303 National Human Development Approach 3 Core
DEV.304 Rural and Urban Development 3 Core
DEV.308 Culture, Environment & Development 3 Dev.105 Elective
Introduction to Information Technology 3 None GER
PSY. 100 Introduction to General Psychology 3 None DER
THIRD YEAR SECOND SEMESTER

Hour Qualification
DEV.301 Project Planning & Management 3 None Core
DEV.305 Disaster Preparedness and Management 3 None Core
DEV.306 Community Organization and Development 3 None Elective
HIS 302 Introduction to Historiography 3 None GER
GRY 102 Fundamentals of Human Geography 3 None DER
„‟‟‟‟‟‟‟‟ General Educ. Requirement 3 None GER
FINAL YEAR FIRST SEMESTER

Hour Qualification
DEV.401 Sustainable Development 3 None Core
DEV.403 Social Development Policy Studies 3 None Core
DEV.405 National Human Development Approach 3 None Elective
DEV.406 Tourism and Development 3 None Elective
POL 211 Philosophy of Human Science 3 None DER
GER General Educ. Requirement 3 None GER
FINAL YEAR SECOND SEMESTER

Hour Qualification
DEV.402 Human Resource Management and Development 3 None Core
DEV.407 Public Policy 3 None Core
DEV.408 Strategic Planning & Development 3 None Elective
GRY 102 Divisional Requirement 3 None DER
General Educ. Requirement 3 None GER
General Educ. Requirement 3 None GER
35
BRIEF COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
DEV. 101: INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT STUDIES: Theory & Practice (DIVISIONAL

REQUIREMENT)
This course is designed to provide a stimulating and up-to-date overview of key issues, current historical and
intellectual evolution in scholarly thinking and debates in Development Studies: Theory and Practice.
The course further introduces students to the scope and nature of Development Studies. It emphasizes the theoretical
and analytical approaches to the understanding and real meaning of development and explores further the practical
application of development concepts/ theories in Developing Nations.
DEV. 102: DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

The course examines various modeling techniques and planning policy documents that provide planning guidance at
national, regional and project levels
DEV. 104: POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT

This course deals with the complex nature of poverty and development and explains the challenges encountered by the
society in the process of development in a situation where there is a lack of adequate resources or opportunities to
enhance economic growth thereby affecting human welfare.
DEV. 105: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
This course designed to introduce students to the importance of community development studies both as a professional
and an academic field of study.
It also examines the concepts/ principles and philosophy of community development; some problems and constraints
faced by several communities; community development issues, nature and outcomes of community development; rural
development; social change; social capital; culture; communication; leadership and the role of community development
worker in promoting integral development.
DEV. 201: DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

This course is designed to explore the recent historical and intellectual evolution in scholarly thinking about how and
why development does and does not take place. Dev. 101 is a prerequisite for this course. Development Economics has
a greater scope and it is not just being concerned with efficient least cost allocation of existing scarce (or idle)
resources and with their growth overtime; it must also deal with economic, social, political and intellectual institutional
mechanism, both public and private, necessary to bring about ( at least by historical standards) a large scale
improvements in levels of living for the masses of poverty- stricken, malnourished and illiterate people of Africa, Asia,
and Latin America.
DEV. 202: INTRODUCTION TO URBAN DESIGN

This course covers the fundamentals of urban design theory and invites students to apply these theories in neighborhood
design. The course surveys major historical and contemporary trends in urban design theory and practice, and
introduces contemporary theories on the future forces affecting the development and functioning of urban regions
DEV. 203: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

This course is designed to determine the relationship between population growth, human welfare and development. It
also examines the world population growth, population theories and their ramifications on development, the
demographic transitions of Western Europe and Developing Nations; population growth and economic development:
the causes, consequences and controversies.
This course also examines the size, composition, and distribution of the human population of various nations, including
The Gambia; changes in population size and composition; the components of these changes (fertility, mortality, and
migration); the factors that affect these components; and the consequences of changes in population size, composition,
and distribution, or in the components themselves.
36
DEV. 205: RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO DEVELOMENT
The Rights Based Approach to Development is a new paradigm which perceives development as a right for groups as
well as for individuals. It is a paradigm shift from the economic oriented Neo-classical theories. In this course the
conceptual foundation and practical exercise of development are dictated and guided respectively by the universal
values of respecting the fundamental human rights of rights bearers.
The Rights Based Approach to Development therefore emphasizes the empowerment of the poorest of the poor who
have often been neglected and marginalized by “development processes” and practitioners. This approach stresses the
inviolable rights of people to access resources regardless of class, gender, or other socio-economic categories. The new
paradigm advocates for freedom from hunger, preventable diseases, ignorance and illiteracy and guarantees the people‟s
rights to better economic opportunities, knowledge and information as well as participation in the life of their
communities.
DEV. 206: GOVERNANCE, ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT

This course explores the complex and diverse nature of development and public sector organizations both in terms of
intellectual history and through more conventional factors of an economic, demographic and political nature; it also
analyzes the way in which public organizations influence development policies and programs and the effects of public
sector organizations in development.
DEV. 301: PROJECT PLANNING AND MANGEMENT

The course is designed to provide theoretical and practical background in the preparation and appraisal and management
of development projects. It will particularly be useful to future employees of central government, including planning
ministries and sectoral planning units, Development Banks, Government Corporations, NGO‟s and other institutions.
DEV. 302: SEMINAR IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

This course as a major requirement in Development Studies is intended for students in the third and final year. Its main
aim is to further develop research, analytical and communication skills in students. This will be achieved primarily
through the preparation of a major paper on a topic in development studies (conceptual and contemporary issues)
DEV. 304: RURAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

The course will examine the concept of rural development; its contextual meaning, and the wider meaning of
development. It will look at rural and urban development in the context of regional and spatial imbalances, as well as
agricultural and urban productivity.
Emphasis will be placed on understanding the perennial problems such as rural-urban migration, lack of essential urban
facilities, agrarian problems etc. Policy approaches to the problems of equality and inequity will be examined.
DEV. 308: CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

This course examines the various concepts/ dimensions of culture, environment and development. The effects of culture
and the environment on development.
DEV.401: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development is a course that aims at sensitizing the present generation about the judicious use of the earth‟s
natural resources so as not to jeopardize the use of such resources by the future generation.
It examines the various dimensions of sustainable development such as environmental and ecological components,
socio-cultural, economic and political aspects of sustainable development. Emphasis on the interactions between its
various components will underscore the multidisciplinary nature of sustainable development. The development policy
framework of sustainable development will also be examined.
DEV. 402: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT
This course will survey Human Resource Management in relation to development praxis. It determines human resources
as a management process that specializes in the management of people in work organization. The course examines
various theories and the significance of the role of the human beings/ resourceful human in organizations. It also
scrutinize key issues of human resources management in the development process such as power, decision making,
group conflict, conflict resolution, inter-group behavior and attitudes and problem solving.
It will also quip students with the skills for goal settings, critical analysis of the components of effective management
skills and behaviors in organizations and groups.
37
DEV. 403: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY STUDIES
This course introduces social development as a professional and academic discipline. It also examines the significance
of the role of social development, social policies and human service in fostering social development. The
Conceptualization and application of social policy in a development context which has evolved significantly in recent
years will be examined. The social sectors (Health, Education, Agriculture..) through which social development
prioritises its impacts will be analysed and the notions of what constitutes social policy which have moved from the
statutory provision of social services, either under a minimalist, residual model or through a more systematic,
institutional-incremental approach........
DEV. 405: NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

This course revisits the concept of development by scrutinizing the fundamentals of the discipline through critical
analysis. Its point of departure signals a paradigm shift from the traditional meaning of development by placing human
development in the context of sustainability at the fore. The course emphasizes human capabilities and freedoms as the
cornerstone of all development policies and programs. It draws on the periodical publications of the UNDP both for
understanding and analyzing the dimensions of sustainable human development and the position of specific countries in
the scale of Human Development.
DEV. 406: TOURISM & DEVELOPMENT

This course determines the significance of the role of tourism in fostering socio-economic development. It also
examines the marketing of tangible and non tangible aspects of a culture in different societies. It help students to have
an enterprising culture and the commoditization of such culture which provides an alternative paradigm for national
development.
DEV. 407: PUBLIC POLICY EVALUATION & DEVELOPEMNT

This course examines various public policies with a view to understanding their implications for human development.
Therefore, various conceptual issues will be discussed and evaluated on the basis of their impact on human beings as
individuals, groups and the environment. The course is designed to provide students with the opportunity and tools to
evaluate public policy in relation to how they could foster or hinder human development.
DEV. 408: STRATEGIC PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

This course is designed to equip students in planning, management and implementations of projects and programmes. It
empowers students to be more effective and efficient, giving them the strategic methodologies for short, medium and
long term planning and management for individuals, groups and organizations.
Strategic Planning is driven by the „national and „the participatory‟ logic and it innovatively offers various models of
planning and development.
38
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
The Political Science Unit is very much aware of its traditional academic role as a key unit of the university that not
only trains and equips students with awareness of contemporary global issues but also familiarise them with the intricate
workings of the international system, its historic and philosophical foundations, the crises of governance and the state of
liberal Democracy as the seemingly triumphant ideology of the 21 st century.
Our aims and objectives are to initiate and develop a fully-fledge Political Science Unit, which shall play its role as a
key Teaching and Social Sciences Research Unit of the University of The Gambia.
The programme is an appropriate response to the problems of poverty and conflict, stability and cooperation in the
World today and there is urgent need to train students to become not only accomplished junior scholars of social
research, but also prepare them as future responsibility holders in their countries.
The Political Science Unit currently offers courses leading to the award an Honours or ordinary degree of Bachelor of
Science (BSc.) in Political Science with opportunities for a minor in other disciplines.
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE PROGRAMME

Core Major Courses:
# Course Course Title Credit

Code Hours
1 POL 103 Introduction Political Philosophy and Theory 3
2 POL 201 Principles to Public Administration 3
3 POL 202 Public Administration in Developing Countries 3
4 POL 203 Introduction to International Relations 3
5 POL 207 Introduction to International Law 3
6 POL 301 Peace and Conflict Studies 3
7 POL 304 Political Parties and Pressure Groups 3
8 POL 307 Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 3
9 POL 308 Good Governance in Theory and Practice 3
10 POL 311 Industrial and Labour Relations 3
11 POL 401 Introduction to Constitutional and Administrative Law 3
12 POL 403 Politics of Integration 3
13 POL 404 Public Policy Analysis 3
14 POL 406 International Organization 3
15 POL 407 International Human Rights system in Theory and Practice 3
16 POL 408 Political Behaviour and Analysis 3
17 POL 409 African Traditional Political System and institutions 3
Elective Major Courses: CHOOSE ANY ONE COURSE

Code Hours
1 POL 106 The Rise of Nation States in the West African Sub-region 3
2 POL 108 African Political Economic 3
3 POL 204 Theories of International Relations 3
4 POL 205 Introduction to Democratic Studies 3
5 POL 211 Philosophy of Human Sciences 3
6 POL 309 International Economic Relations 3
7 POL 405 Contemporary Gambian Politics and Culture 3
8 POL 410 Comparative Ideologies 3
39
Core Minor Courses:

Code Hours
1 POL 106 The Rise of Nation States in the West African Sub-region 3
2 POL 202 Public Administration in Developing Countries 3
3 POL 205 Introduction to Democratic Studies 3
4 POL 207 Introduction to International Law 3
5 POL 211 Philosophy of Human Sciences 3
6 POL 307 Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 3
7 POL 310 Islamic Political Thought and Experience 3
8 POL 405 Contemporary Gambian Politics and Culture 3
9 POL 409 African Traditional Political System and institutions 3
Elective Minor Courses: CHOOSE ANY ONE COURSE

Code Hours
1 POL 104 Introduction to Third World Politics 3
2 POL 108 African Political Economic 3
3 POL 204 Theories of International Relations 3
4 POL 302 Issues of Development and Underdevelopment in the Third 3
World
5 POL 305 Issues of Globalization 3
6 POL 306 Politics and Development 3
7 POL 309 International Economic Relations 3
COURSE DESCRIPTION
POL. 103: Political Philosophy and Theory

The course introduces students to a theoretical basis of political science and major philosophical postulations and
writings from Socrates, Plato, Aristotle through Machiavellian and, St. Augustine‟s and Hobbes, Locke, Mill, Marx and
Russell. The course introduces first year students to the study of political science and prepares them with knowledge of
the philosophical past and other fundamental concepts of the discipline.
POL. 104: Introduction to 3rd World Politics

The Third World covers not only Africa but also Asia, Latin America all of whom share the common characteristics of
underdevelopment and dependence. The purpose of the course is to give students an insight into how the Third World
played a significant role in world politics over the past few decades and the state of politics and society in various
regions.
It enables students appreciate developmental constraints of Third World governments and the problems of global
control, neo-colonialism and misrule, corruption, elitism which have all conspired in creating the 3 rd World
predicament. Topics for study include colonialism and demise, nature of the Third World State, economy, Third World
armies and revolutions, the International environment etc.
POL. 106: The Rise of Nation – States in the West African Sub Region
It is fundamentally important that students understand the history and political dynamics of West Africa from the Pre-
colonial period to the 21st century. In addition to a study of Pre-colonial West Africa, the course examiners West Africa
from the colonial period to enable students understand the origins of present political, economic and social development
dynamics.
POL. 108: Political Economy of Africa

Politics and Economics are intricately linked. The course seeks to examine the state of the African economy and the
attendant problems of political control, production distribution and stability. Students shall study the history and issues
relating to African development, the peasantry as well as affricative and trade unionism from independence. Problems
of food production and the various politico-ideological responses to underdevelopment since independence shall also be
examined.
40
POL. 201: Principles to Public Administration
Public Administration is a very important aspect of government. The aim of an introduction to Public Administration is
to teach students the origins of Public Administration and the Anglo Saxon experience in administration. The structure
of the Public Service, Responsibility and various schools are also being studied. The Topics to cover include the public
service, various schools Fayol, Taylor, Scientific Management and the Human Relations School. Structure and origins,
responsibility & Professional, legal, Political & characteristics of the public service.
POL. 202: Public Administration in Developing Countries

Following Introduction of students to the study of Public Administration, the nature of administration in developing
countries is examined with particular emphasis on public policy, corruption and administrative incapacity particularly in
Africa since independence. Besides the constraints, new emerging panaceas are examined.
POL. 203: Introduction to International Relations

The aim of this course is to introduce students to the study of the Structure of International politics, politics among
nations, the nature of diplomacy and foreign policy.
POL. 204: Theories of International Relations

The course seeks to ground students in the various theories of International Relations and the debate between theory and
reality in International Politics, Political realism and idealism, war and conflict among nations, strategy and power shall
constitute some important areas to tackle.
POL. 205: Introduction to Democratic Studies

An expansive democratic process, which goes beyond the traditional legal and constitutional forms and engages popular
participation in the process of decision making at all levels of governing, is a necessary condition for any meaningful
enjoyment of human rights, development and good governance.
The essence of development is to improve and enhance people‟s condition and standards of living. Development is
after all for and about the people and by the people directly or indirectly and this is exactly what democracy is all about.
Thus the study of democracy and democratic systems becomes absolutely necessary in the modern age.
This course is designed for students who wish to major or even minor in political science who are in their second year.
Its primary objective is to introduce the students into various concepts, theories and forms of democratic systems, their
functions, merits and demerits.
The course will therefore examine the conceptual background, historical evolution, forms, essentials and mechanisms of
democratic systems. It will also examine the modern concept and process of democratization of systems, which were
not originally democratic. Thus systems like totalitarianism, authoritarianism, dictatorship and unconstitutional
monarchies will be examined.
POL. 207: Introduction to International Law

International Law comprises a system of rules and principles that provide the necessary legal framework and ultimately
govern mutual relationship between two or more sovereign states, other institutional subjects like international
organizations and the position of individuals within the society of states.
The course is designed for second year students who are majoring in Political Science. It is advisable that students take
this course before taking or concurrently with international relations.
The primary objective of this course is to introduce students to the historical Development, theoretical foundations and
the general principles of International Law such will include:
 The nature and sources of International Law
 The Law of Treaties and the relationship between international law and national law
 The law of the sea
 Personality, statehood, recognition of states, and governments, jurisdiction and sovereignty of states
 Immunities from national jurisdictions, state responsibility and peace settlement of International disputes
POL. 211: Philosophy of Human Sciences

This course examines Man‟s search for meaning within the totality of his Phenomenological experiences, using various
existentialist writings as the point of departure for personal reflections. The discussion revolves around the triadic
structures of his phenomenological experience: his relationship with himself, with others and with the Absolute Thou.
POL 301: Peace and Conflict Studies

This Course will explore the nature, dynamics and complexity of the links between peace, conflict, security,
development and democratization in Africa, with a focus on cross-cutting thematic issues including armed conflict,
poverty and underdevelopment, resources and terrorism, among others. The course will promote an advanced
understanding of policies at global and regional levels (humanitarian, developmental, peace and security related) that
underlie interventions in Africa, and their consequences.
41
POL 302: Issues of Development and Underdevelopment in the Third World
This course shall seek to equip students with an understanding on various issues of development and underdevelopment
in the Third World from trade to debt, poverty and instability and the various theories on African Development since
Independence.
POL. 304 – Political Parties and Pressure Groups
1. Political culture - Concepts, components of political cultures, political cultures and sub-cultures, differences among
political cultures.
2. Political socialization – Concept, profile of the developing self, socializing agents, political socialization and
political systems.
3. Voting behaviour - Dimensions of voting behaviour, intervening variables in voting behaviour, voting patterns.
4. Political communication.
POL. 305: Issues of Globalization

Globalization is the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across international borders. The
course will begin with analyses of the definition of the term "globalization", the causes, nature, and effects of the
process of globalization. We will also focus on the controversy surrounding the pros and cons related to the
phenomenon within the context of the evolution of the pro and anti globalization movements.
POL. 306: Politics and Development

The objective here is to examine some of the theories, approaches and key issues in Politics and Development. The
Course will focus on Development theories and its applicability in the politics of Developing countries.
The topics that will be covered include the following:
 Relevance between politics and development
 Theories on development and modernization
 Bureaucratic organizations
 Public Administration and Public Corporations
 International dimensions of Development
 Decentralization
 Structural Adjustment
 The impact of information technology on administration and development
 Public Policy and National Development.
POL. 307: Diplomacy and Foreign Policy

The course focuses on the elements that make up contemporary diplomacy, diplomacy being the management of the
relation between states and other actors. Diplomacy is linked to foreign policy as the former deals with shaping and
implementing the latter. Topics include the changing nature of diplomacy, Diplomatic styles and methods, protocol,
mediation, objectives and instruments of Foreign Policy etc.
POL. 308: Good Governance in Theory and Practice

Good Governance has been universally recognised as an essential condition that governments must strictly comply with
before they can obtain any sort of financial or economic aid from and enjoy economics co-operations with international
development partners and funding agencies. Likewise, without observing some degree of good governance, no country
can achieve any meaningful development and or enjoy internal peace, stability and security. Given the great importance
attached to it in international politics, good governance has become one of the latest newly developed independent
disciplines of learning sought after by people from all other fields of academic research and specializations.
This course is designed for third year students who are doing Political Science and those majoring in development
studies. Students majoring in Management are also recommended to take it
The primary objective of this course is to sensitize and educate students on the essentials, the general principles, basic
values and institutions of good governance.
Thus, the course will focus on the essentials, general principles, values practices, and institution of governance.
POL. 309: International Economic Relations

The course is designed to expose the students to the various aspects of International Economics and the basic issues of
the global political Economy.
 Topics include basic concepts in International Economics,

 The nature and evolution of International Trade
 The International Finance institutions
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 MNC‟S (TNCS) Characteristics
 Eco. Development Issues and Dependency
 N/South Dialogue
 Eco. Integration
POL. 310: Islamic Political Thought and Experience

The course educates students on the nature of the state and its evolution from the prophetic era to the Ottoman period.
Students shall examine the nature of the Islamic caliphates from Abubakr (R.A), to Ali (R.A), the crises in Islamic
political history leading to the establishment of the Ummayad dynasty. The study follows through to the Abbassids,
Ayubids and Fatimads dynasties before the rise of the Seljuk Turks (the Ottomans), the Islamic state in classical
political thought shall be thoroughly examined from Al Farabi‟s Al Madinatul Fadillah to Al Gazali‟s Nasiatul Mulk to
khomeni‟s Hukumate Islamee and Abul alaa Maududi shall also be studied.
The aim is to equip our students with a thorough knowledge of Islamic Political evolution over the past 1500 years,
which puts them in position to understand Islam as a religion and a civilization and its contemporary conflict with the
West.
POL. 401: Introduction to Constitutional and Administrative Law

The primary objective of this course is to introduce students to the culture, practice, systems, general principles of
constitutional governance and administrative justice in the Anglophone Worlds.
Thus, the issues to cover will include the following:
 Definition, scope and historical evolution of constitutional law and various types of Constitutions
 Sources, nature and legal grounds of constitutional rules
 Structure of the state – this includes functions and the relationship between the three arms of government.
 The concept of the rule of law and responsible government
 Check and Balances
 Nature and development of administrative law
 Delegated legislation and judicial control of administrative powers
 Administrative justice – its mechanisms and techniques
 Rules of Natural Justice
POL. 403: Politics of Integration

The move towards integration in Senegambia and West Africa takes cue from the various international activities of the
global environment – ASEAN, SADC, The Maghreb Union, EU, NAFTA etc.
We live in a period of increasing globalisation where regional integration is a vital key to economic development.
Students shall be introduced to integration studies, issues on integration in Senegambia, the defunct Senegambia
Confederation, ECOWAS and the impact of integration efforts since independence.
POL. 404: Public Policy Analysis

The course is designed to introduce the study of public policy particularly in African Countries. It also sensitizes
students to the need to perceive policy as a dynamic activity which occurs in socio-economic and political milieu where
interests clash in the bid to benefit from policy options. The course looks at the concepts, theories, and approaches,
which could enhance the understanding of the formulation, execution, monitoring and evaluation of public policy.
POL. 405: Contemporary Gambian Politics and Cultures

This course is about Gambian Politics and Cultures since independence. It examines formulations and the various
political and historic events in the country and the nature of Gambian Political Culture. These are fundamental to future
Gambian administrators and politicians and leaders as knowledge of their country is a first step towards transforming it.
POL. 406: International Organisations

In today‟s international politics, proliferation of inter – state and transnational contacts have become the hallmark of an
increasingly interdependent world.
The role of international organizations, in their capacity as the main channel of interaction among sovereign actors, has
increased very significantly in the aftermath of the Second World War.
Today international organisations are the deriving force behind almost every successful national or international
development project or programme.
As important actors in the field of inter-state relations, international organizations continue to make great contributions
in many fields of development i.e. economic development, population and demographic issues, education, health, the
environment, the use of outer space, financial matters, control of the sea and ocean resources.
This course is designed for final year students who are majoring in Political Sciences and those majoring in
Development Studies as well as Management.
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The primary objective of the course is to make students aware of the importance of international organisations as non
state actors in global governance and the crucial role they play in national development and institutional building; as
well as how to tap the resources of such strategically important partners in development.
Issues to be covered include the following:

 Basic principles and theoretical foundations
 The classification and role or international organizations
 The United Nations and its predecessor – the League of Nations
 Regional and sub regional organizations
 Various functions of International organizations and the like
POL 407 International Human Rights Systems in Theory and Practice
The advent of international human rights has drastically changed the structure and course of international relations.
This newly developed subject, which has now become an independent discipline of learning, has strictly narrowed down
the scope of domestic jurisdiction and severely restricted the concept of sovereign immunity in international law.
The new system has also strengthened the principle of responsibility and made individuals direct or immediate subjects
of International Law. In the modern art of Governance, human rights define the relationship between the state and
individuals and effectively limit the powers of government. Today respect and observance of human rights and
fundamental freedoms become primary conditions before a state can be welcome into the society of civilized nations.
The primary objective of this course is to educate students on the concepts, structure and mechanisms of enforcement of
the international human rights systems as well as to sensitize them on the relevance of peace, security and stability both
at global, regional and domestic levels.
Thus, the issues to cover will include:
The Nature, scope, sources and various types of human rights, global, regional and domestic regimes of rights and their
respective mechanisms of enforcement, human rights and development as well as other important and interesting issues
of the international human rights system. .
POL. 408: Political Behaviour and Analysis

This course seeks to introduce students to an understanding of basic assumptions underlying political behaviour and
covers the following topics
1. A definition of political behaviour
Political behaviour in the realm of political psychology
- what shapes people‟s political beliefs, and actions
- biological nature and needs
- psychological processes
- Physical environment
- Group membership and pressures to conform
POL. 409: African Traditional Political Systems and Institutions

Traditionally, rulers were the custodians of African culture and heritage. They were the symbols of people‟s voice and
authority. Their prime tasks were to see that people and their subjects live together peacefully, smoothly and
harmoniously as one family, which they always succeeded in achieving. Traditional chiefs used to preside over disputes
involving landownership and distribution, marriage, inheritance, divorce, religious ceremonies, administration of justice
in accordance with principles of constitutional law. Traditional authorities and institutions were instituted, rulers
installed, recognized and obeyed and entire governance process smoothly and successfully run in accordance with
norms and principles of customary law. Thus the rulers and the officials drew their legitimacy directly from the people
who expect them to exist and function not only in theory but in practice as well. Thus the legitimacy of traditional rulers
did not come from an act of appointment by a sovereign political authority; rather it came from the belief and the will of
the people. Thus, unlike rulers of modern sovereign state, traditional rulers enjoyed true legitimacy, stability, peace and
tranquillity of the administration as well as the honest support of their people.
POL. 410: Comparative Ideologies

The purpose of the course of Contemporary Political Ideologies is to provide a systematic, comprehensive, comparative
and critical introductory understanding and examination of the concept of ideology in the history of modern political
thought, in its first section, and in a second section, to introduce, present, compare and critically analyse the main
contemporary political ideologies. The course focuses in its first section on facing major definitions, interpretations and
understandings of the concept of ideology within the western tradition of political thought. In the second section the
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core contemporary political ideologies are in focus, such as: conservatism, liberalism, nationalism, Christian and social
democracy, fascism, socialism, communism, feminism, ecologism. A maximum importance is given to the fidelity to
the source, to critical and objective interpretations, and most of all to a comparative framework for the analysis of
different ideologies.
Career Prospects for political science graduates
Students who major in Political Science may make a career in public service in such specific areas as public
administration, governance, labour relations, human and people‟s rights, etc. They may also have opportunities in
diplomatic missions, non-governmental organizations, banks and the private sector as well as international
organizations where they may be useful in management and administrative positions. Moreover, graduates of political
science may be required in the education industry.
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STUDY PLAN FOR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
1st Year (36 Credit Hours)

Semester Course Code Course Title C. H. Prerequisite C/C
First POL 103 Introduction Political 3 MJR

Philosophy and Theory
POL 201 Principles to Public 3 MJR
Administration
GEL 101 Use of English 1 3 None GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
Second POL 202 Public Administration in 3 MJR
Developing Countries
POL 203 Introduction to 3 MJR
International Relations
GEL 102 Use of English 2 3 GEL 101 GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
2nd Year (36 Credit Hours)

First POL 207 Introduction to 3 MJR

International Law
POL 301 Peace and Conflict Studies 3 MJR
3 GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
Second POL 304 Political Parties and 3 MJR
Pressure Groups
POL 307 Diplomacy and Foreign 3 MJR
Policy
3 GER
3 GER
3 DER
3 DER
Total 18
3rd Year (33 Credit Hours)
First POL 308 Good Governance in 3 MJR

Theory and Practice
POL 311 Industrial and Labour 3 MJR
Relations
POL 401 Introduction to 3 MJR
Constitutional and
Administrative Law
3 GER
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3 GER
DER 301 Research Methods 3 None DER
Total 18
Second POL 403 Politics of Integration 3 MJR
POL 404 Public Policy Analysis 3 MJR
POL 406 International Organization 3 MJR
3 GER
3 DER
Total 15
4th Year (12 Credit Hours)

First POL 407 International Human 3 MJR

Rights system in Theory
and Practice
POL 408 Political Behaviour and 3 MJR
Analysis
Total 6
Second POL 409 African Traditional 3 MJR
Political System and
institutions
POL *** (Any Major Elective) 3 MJR
Total 6
Abbreviations: C/C: Course Classification
MJR: Major Requirement
47
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN HISTORY
General Background Information
a) The History Unit offers courses leading to the B.A Honors Degree in History. Students can also obtain a Minor in
History.
b) The requirements for admission to the degree offered by the Unit are as prescribed by the Division of Humanities
and Social Sciences. Candidates offering history must at least have a credit pass in History in the WASSCE
Examination, and/or good passes in History at the Advanced Level in the General Certificate of Education, H.T.C and
such other examinations approved by Senate for admission purposes.
c) The objective of the Unit through its teaching programme, is to contribute to the development of informed and
concerned students through the inculcation in our students of a critical mind; a thorough grounding in the African
experience and on-going awareness of past and present global issues; and an awareness of the universality of historical
experiences
In order to achieve these objectives, emphasis is placed on Gambian, African and Global History as an interface of the
whole idea of studying history.
Courses Available
100 Level
HIS 101: Introduction to the Study of History

HIS 102: African in Global History, Up to 1800
HIS 103: African in Global History Since 1800
200 Level
HIS 201: History of The Gambia Up to 1900

HIS 201: Twentieth Century Gambian History
HIS 203: The African in Diaspora
HIS 204: Modern European History, 1815 to Present
HIS 206: Africa Since 1800
HIS 208: Economic History of West Africa Since 1800
HIS 209: Economic History of The Gambia Since 1945
HIS 221: History of The USA to 1865
300 Level
HIS 302: Introduction to Historiography

HIS 303: Sources of Historical Research
HIS 305: Oral Research: Practice and Theory
HIS 309: West African States and Empires, 1000 – 1800
HIS 322: U.S. History from 1865 to the Present
HIS 379: Problems of Nation-Building in Africa Since Independence
HIS 385: Themes in Global History
400 Level
HIS 410: Seminar in Modern European History

HIS 413: Ancient and Medieval World
HIS 416: Seminar in Modern African History
HIS 425: From OAU to African Union
HIS 430: Problems in the History of The Gambia
HIS 450: Research Project
Unit Policy
In order to graduate with a Major (Honors), or Minor in History, the student must complete University GER and
Departmental requirements, together with the following History courses:
48
MAJOR
To obtain a major in History, a student must complete at least the following requirements:
17. Core (or Compulsory) Courses

HIS 102: Africa in Global History, Up to 1800
HIS 103: African in Global History Since 1800
HIS 204: Modern European History, 1815 to present
HIS 208: Economic History of West Africa Since 1800
HIS 209: Economic History of The Gambia Since 1945
HIS 379: Problems of Nation-Building in Africa Since Independence
HIS 416: Seminar in Modern African History
9. Electives
Graduating with a Major in History also requires the student to take 2 electives in History ( 6 semester hours) at the 200
level, 1 elective (3 semester hours) at 300 level, and 1 additional elective (3 semester hours) at 400 level (all the 3 levels
totaling 12 semester hours) from the following:
HIS 203: The African in Diaspora

HIS 206: Africa Since 1800
HIS 221: History of The USA to 1865
HIS 410: Seminar in Modern European History
HIS 413: The Theory and Practice of History
HIS 430: Problems in the History of The Gambia
(C) MINOR
To minor in History, a student is expected to complete at least the following requirements:
2. Core Courses
HIS 102: Africa in Global History, Up to 1800
HIS 103: Africa in Global History Since 1800
HIS 204: Modern European History, 1815 to present
HIS 379: Problems of Nation-Building in Africa since Independence
3. Electives
For a minor in History the student is required to complete the remaining 9 units (or semester hours) choosing two at
level 3 and one at level four courses from below:

HIS 430: Problems in the Study of the History of the Gambia
49
HONOURS
A prospective honors student must satisfy the requirements of the major programme with a CGPA of 3.20, plus HIS
450 (Research Project) - 6 Units
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
This course introduces the basic concept in history as liberal study of human society, sources, values, historical
development of the discipline, problems and other issues in the teaching and learning of history.
His 102: Africa in Global History up to 1800
This course outlines the nature, values and history of Africa in global perspective. It explores the role of Africa and its
relationship with the wider world before 1800. It also examines the age of African empires, Europe‟s expansion to
Africa, and the slave trade. The impact of Europe‟s trade with Africa before 1800 is also covered in some detail.
His 103: Africa in Global History since 1800
As a continuation of HIS 101, the course surveys the nature, role and relationship of Africa with the wider world since
1800. It outlines the major themes, events and personalities in African history from the early 19 th century to the present
day. Topics include The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade, European Imperialism and African Resistance, Impact of
Colonial Rule, Religious and Cultural Movements, Rise of Nationalism and Pan-Africanism, as well as the Current
Place of Africa in World Affairs.
His 201: History of The Gambia up to 1900
This begins with a study of the historical origins of the Gambian peoples, interactions with their neighbors, and the
emergence of political organizations among them in early times. For the centuries before 1900, the course focuses on
the problems attendant on state formation and state building, as revealed by the more prominent states and empires that
emerged, including a comparative study of their organizations, economic systems, their interrelationships as well as
their connections with other peoples and states. Here some analyses of the Soninke-Marabout Wars (1855-1890s) as
well as the jihads of The Gambia will be made. The arrival of the first set of Europeans, how their activities softened
the ground for eventual colonization as well as Britain‟s proclamation of a protectorate in 1894 will also be examined.
His 202: Twentieth Century Gambian History
This course will focus on the consolidation of European influence, and new developments in Euro-Gambian relations.
It will further discuss Gambia‟s colonial experience, and study of the problems associated with the regaining of
independence and the building of the modern Gambian State. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the colonial
economy and the larger colonial heritage as well as the nature of Gambia‟s politics just before and since independence.
The post-independence efforts at economic and social development will be highlighted.
His 203: The African in the Diaspora
This course surveys the following areas: Diasporas in History, the various facts of the Atlantic Slave Trade, Slave
Societies in the New World, the Middle East and India, Abolition and its Consequences, Revolution in San Domingo
(Haiti) and Development of Pan-Africanism, and present-day developments in black communities in the Americas, and
Europe.
His 204: Modern European History, 1815 to Present
The course outlines the political, social and economic history of Continental Europe form the Congress of Vienna
through the inauguration of the United Nations Organization up to date. In particular, it focuses on France, Germany
and Italy from the Revolutions of 1848 through the era of the Balance of Power; the unification of Italy and Germany
respectively, and how the two influenced the European diplomatic scene in particular, and global international relations
in general.
50
His 206: Africa since 1800
The course is designed to create a virtual collaborative class environment in which students from four cultures
experience those cultures first hand by video conferencing. The University of the Gambia, East Carolina University,
USA and two other universities participate in the course each semester. Students wishing to enroll in this course should
have basic computer skills.
The course explores the history and cultures of Africa and the wider world since 1800 and emphasis is placed on the
history and culture of North, South, East and Central and West Africa.
His 208: Economic History of West Africa since 1800
This course introduces students to the broad sub-discipline of economic history as a branch of history, from the West
African perspective. It analyses the concepts of economic growth, development and underdevelopment. It then
proceeds to examine resources and their productivity in the domestic economy of West Africa in relation to the
development of the export sector, the establishment of the colonial economy and the formulation of regional and
national strategies for modernization. Special attention will be paid to the relationship between economic development
and social change.
His 209: Economic History of the Gambia since 1945
This course discusses the nature, structure, growth and development of The Gambian economy since the end of World
War II. Emphasis is placed on agricultural production, rural-urban migration, industrial efforts, internal and external
trade, and the organization of services. Particular attention is given to groundnut production, the tourist industry and
hotel services in Gambia‟s economic history. The course rounds-off by examining the role of local and foreign factors
in the process of growth and development.
His 221: History of the USA Up To 1865
As an introductory survey of American History from the emergence of the British Colonies through the Civil War, this
course seeks to examine the process by which European, Indian and African Culture came to meet in the new world. It
traces the emergence of distinctly American habit of thought, behaviour and political institutions during 17 th, 18th and
early 19th Centuries, and finally, analyses the problems of Confederation, Federation, Slavery, and other contradictions
within the national fabric that led to the temporary break up of the Union. The factors that led the 13 colonies of
Continental America to break with England and the subsequent proclamation of independence in 1776 will be
explained. Similarly, the war of 1812 between the United States and England which finally guaranteed the
independence of the former colonies will also be covered in some detail.
His 302: Introduction to Historiography
This course addresses the nature of historical study, that is, the theories, methods, principles and problems associated
with the discipline of history. It examines the following basic areas of historical inquiry: the nature and function of
history (i.e. what is history?); the purposes of historical study; the nature and function of history in non-literate
societies (e.g. traditional African societies); the relevance of the past; the relationship between the past and the present;
the nature and validity of historical knowledge; objectivity in history; the relationship of history to other disciplines; and
the current state of historical explanation.
His 303: Sources of Historical Research
This is an in-depth study of the primary, secondary, documentary and non-documentary sources of reconstructing the
human past for a better understanding of the present. It involves some detailed analysis of the methodology used in
history such as Oral Tradition, Archaeology, Written Records, Linguistics, as well as allied sources of historical
research. Practical activities in the form of archival search, book and journal reviews, and miscellaneous literary
criticism in history will be undertaken.
His 309: West African States and Empires 1000-1800
This course examines the age of African empires and analyses the major historical events in the West African sub-
region during the period. These will include the factors affecting the course of events in existing polities and those
51
leading to the rise of new ones. The developments that accompanied the coming of Europeans to the coastal region will
be examined, thus highlighting the elements of change and continuity.
His 322: U.S.A. History From 1865 to the Present
This course covers the social, political and economic history of the United States of America as a nation from the Civil
War to the present day. Topics to be discussed include the causes and course of the Civil War, Reconstruction, Politics
in the Gilded Age, Late 19th Century Urbanization and Immigration, Populism, Progressivism, the Sociology and
Politics of the Twenties, The New Deal, Post-World War II America, The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and
contemporary affairs.
His 379: Problems of Nation-Building in Africa since Independence
This course examines the common problems confronting independent African nation-states. Emphasis will be placed
upon the constraints imposed by the colonial past; problems of integration in multi-national states; irredentism;
problems of economic development vis-à-vis political and social stability; establishing an acceptable political and social
order; as well as problems of external relations. Attention will be paid to analyzing the extent of success of measures
so far taken to solve some of the myriads of problems.
His 385: Themes in Global History
Themes in Global History provide a context for understanding the integrated nature of the modern world at the dawn of
a new century/millennium. The course examines the initial links developed between the world‟s civilizations during the
15th Century and traces the factors which led to contemporary global interaction and interdependence. Various
economic, political, and social themes will be studied to provide a context for understanding the forces and events
which led to the rise of the present day global village.
His 410: Seminar in Modern African History
This course is for History Honours and Major students in their graduating year. The main objective of this seminar is to
further develop research, analytical and communication skills. This will be done primarily through the preparation of a
major research paper on a subject in Modern African History. Topics to be examined will be selected by the student,
with the guidance and /or approval of the instructor. The paper will be presented to the class for discussion, and
criticism and evaluation.
HIS 413: Ancient and Medieval World
This course outlines the history of man's technological and social development from the Old Stone Age to the period of
Neolithic Revolution. It also treats the Ancient near East, Greeks World, Rome and the Roman Empire, the influence of
Christianity on the Roman World to the Medieval ages and the study of Islam and its culture, the mixture of oriental,
European and African cultures around the Mediterranean World.
His 425: From O.A.U. to A.U.
This course is a study of the metamorphosis of an international organization as well as African approaches to African
international relations. It also examines conflicts and cooperation in Africa, with reference to the creation of OAU and
its transformation to the A.U.
His 430: Problems in the History of The Gambia
This course will identify the various problems in the course of constructing and/or reconstructing Gambian History and
the challenges such problems pose to the historian and the student of Gambian History.
His 450: Research Project (6 Semester Hours)
Prerequisite: Admission to the final year of the Bachelors Degree (Honours) Programme in History
Course Description: This is an individual study of a topic chosen by the student with the approval of a Supervisor and
the Head of Department. The Research Project is designed to introduce students to the rudiments of historical research.
Students are free to choose their own topics inside and outside the special subject areas, but in consultation with such
52
member(s) of staff as he/she considers most qualified to advise him/her. The Head of Unit (or his representative) must
however be satisfied that the topic chosen is both viable and suitable.
The topic chosen should usually be such as will require the use of primary sources. Exceptionally, however, the Unit
may allow topics, the main sources of which are mainly secondary. In such cases, priority must be given to the
compilation of an adequate bibliography.
UNIVERSITY GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENT COURSE
GER 106: Cultural Studies 3 Semester Hours

Aim and Objective
The aim of this course is to expose students, especially those from Divisions outside the Humanities and Social
Sciences, to a course in liberal arts education through which they can develop and expand their awareness of their
social, cultural and physical environments. It will also, like other University General Education Requirement Courses,
contribute towards enabling students to acquire a body of situationally relevant knowledge outside their respective
fields of specialization for successful living. With the inclusion of this course to the specialized ones taken by students
therefore, it is expected that prospective graduates of this University will go out better prepared to function in society at
both the micro and macro levels.
Study Plan for Bachelor of Arts in History

First Year (27 Credit Hours)
First Credit C/C

Semester Course # Title Hours Prerequisite
GEL 101 Use of English 3 GER
GER 107 Cultural Studies 3 GER
HIS 100 Introduction to the Study of 3 MAJ

History
HIS 101 Africa in Global History Up 3 MAJ
to 1800
HIS 201 History of The Gambia up to 3 MAJ
1900
HIS 203 African in the Diaspora 3 ELE
Total 18
Second
Semester
HIS 102 Africa in Global History 3 MAJ
since 1800
HIS 202 20TH Century Gambian 3 MAJ
History
HIS 204 Modern European History, 3 MAJ
1815 to present
Total 9
53
Second Year ( 27 Credit Hours)
First Credit C/C

XXXXX Elective - Mathematics 3 GER
X Competence
SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology 3 GER
HIS 206 Africa Since 1800-Distance 3 ELE

Learning
HIS 208 Economic History of West 3 MAJ
Africa since 1800
HIS 221 History of the USA up 1865 3 ELE
HIS 303 Sources of Historical 3 MAJ

Research
Total 18
Second
Semester
HIS 209 Economic History of the 3 MAJ
Gambia since 1945
HIS 302 Introduction to 3 MAJ
Historiography
HIS 305 Oral Research :Practice and 3 MAJ

Theory
Total 9
Third Year (18 Credit Hours)
First Credit C/C

xxxxx Elective - Humanistic 3 GER
Tradition
HIS 309 West African States and 3 ELE
Empires
HIS 379 Problems of Nation Building 3 ELE
Since 1963
HIS 413 Ancient and Medieval World 3 ELE
Total 12
Second HIS 322 U S History from 1865 to 3 ELE

Semester Present
HIS 385 Themes in Global History 3 MAJ
Total 6
Fourth Year (15 Credit Hours)
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First Credit C/C
HIS 416 Seminar in Modern African 3 MAJ
History
HIS 430 Problems in the History of the 3 ELE

Gambia
HIS 450 Research Project 3 HON
Total 9
Second HIS 410 Seminar in Modern European 3 ELE

Semester History
HIS 425 From OAU to African Union 3 MAJ
Total 6
Abbreviations: CC: Course Classification

ELE: Elective Requirement
MAJ: Major Requirements for degree
HON: Honours Requirement
55
DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK
The Social Work Programme commenced during the 2006/2007 academic year at the Diploma level with the
introduction of a national frame work for social work education with a view to producing the much needed qualified
personnel to many organizations and departments in the field of social services. Over the years, there has been a
growing awareness of the relevance of this programme, prompting an increasing rate of enrolment, and demands by
many older universities for students‟ field placement and internship opportunities.
Objective
Generally, the Social work Programme is designed to take care of the growing demand for social work professionals in
the country, and at the same upgrade the delivery capacities of those already rendering social work services without the
basic knowledge and requisite qualifications for the profession. In this regard, it is believed that programme would help
broaden the human resource base required for a functional social service delivery system in both government and NGO
establishments.
Admission Requirements
The students of the Diploma in Social work must possess at least three O‟Levels/WASSCE credit passes including
Mathematics and English. A credit pass in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Agricultural Science, Statistics or Science is
accepted in lieu of Mathematics.
However, mature candidates (aged 30 and above) who do not meet the minimum requirement could be admitted
provided they possess the aptitude and requisite working experience, and as well pass a qualifying exam.
Courses of Instruction
Descriptions
There are 23 courses of instruction in the Social work Diploma programme made up of core and elective courses. The
detailed description is given below.
SW 101: Introduction to Economics and Organizational Management

This course explores the principles of Economics, Organizational Management and Bookkeeping.
SW 102: Culture and Society Provides a survey of anthropological and sociological issues related to Gambian society
and culture, and analyzes current Gambian social institutions against the backdrop of traditional Gambian culture.
SW 103: Introduction to Gender Studies

This course offers the students up-to-date problem oriented understanding of gender by focusing on the complex
interrelationship between gendered identities and sexualities between and across culture.
SW 104: Social Work Core Competencies

This course acquaints students with the core competencies that the social worker must possess and master to be able to
professionally support clienteles in the resolution of their social problems.
SW 105: Introduction to Information Technology and Human Services

This course enables students to acquire the requisite information technology skills and knowledge and exposure to
human service applications through lecture and lab experience.
SW 106: Social Work Principles, Ethics and Values

Discusses the basic principles and core values that underpin the social work profession.
SW 107: Introduction to Psychology

This course assists students to understand behaviour in terms of current themes of psychology by examining the nature
and history of psychology, research methods, intelligence, motivation and emotion.
SW 108: Methods of Social Work

This course examines the different methods of social work delivery.
SW 109: Introduction to Social Work

This course introduces students to the historical development of the discipline, the methods types of social work
practices, delivery systems and purposes of the profession.
56
SW110: Social Work Skills
This course exposes students to basic social work skills required for effective performance
SW 111: Introduction to Sociology

Introduces students to the history and basic concepts of sociology and the competing theoretical perspectives through
which society is analyzed and understood.
SW 112: Social Welfare Policies and Services

This course examines the different models of social welfare services and policy formulations that underlie them.
SW 201: Guidance and Counseling

Focuses on the basic theories and skills that are fundamental to the professions of counseling and a variety of
counseling approaches and will enable students engage in initial training as guidance and counselors and to enhance
their in-career development toward counseling their clients in decision making related to personal, career, family,
marital and other choices that may come their way.
SW 202: Social work Data Analysis and Report Writing

Introduces students to the process of data cleaning, editing, coding, analysis, report writing and presentation in the
field of Social Work.
SW 203: Social work, Community Development and Leadership

The focus here is on mechanisms and procedures for facilitating the attainment of group objectives.
SW 204: Social work Field Practice

Emphasis is on report writing, social work therapies, their demand and challenges.
SW 205: Social Problems

This course defines the field of social problems, types, theories, and sociologically examines conditions, patterns,
causes and possible treatment of behaviour that are considered to be harmful to society or its members.
SW 206: Social work Practicum

This is considered the highlight of the social work programme. It involves a three-month internship under the
supervision of a qualified social worker, during which the student is required to produce a total of seven reports
comprising three case reports, three case summary reports, and one organizational report. It is designed to complement
the student‟s theoretical knowledge with practical experience required to function effectively in the course of working.
SW 207: Social work and Health Care Delivery

Provides the students with a general picture of the Gambia Health Care Delivery System with a view to identifying the
major health problems, communicable and non communicable diseases, possible treatment, and application of first-aid
and subsequent referrals.
SW 208: Social Work Practice and Human Rights

Examines the relevance of human rights in its several ramifications with special focus on child rights and protection,
protection of women and people with disabilities.
SW 209: Social work and the Law

Examines the legal system [ Civil and Islamic], the constitutional framework of family law; marriage and divorce, the
legal recognition and regulation of different types of domestic relations, the resolution of disputes between married and
unmarried partners relating to care and custody of children, and how the legal systems influence social work practice.
SW 210: Social work Research Project

This is an academic essay of 30 A4 page work on a font size of 14 on any area of research interest which must be
submitted by the student under the guidance of a supervisor. This project must be submitted within a period of three
months immediately after the practicum.
SW 211: Social work Research Method

Students are introduced to the fundamental issues in the research process as it applies to social work practices with a
view to exploring the key concepts involved in planning, designing and implementing a social work research study.
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Semester Course # Title Credit Hours Prerequisite C/C

First
SW 101 Intro. to Econ & 3 None MAJ
Organisational Mgt.
SW 103 Intro. to Gender Studies 3 ,, MAJ
SW105 Intro. to Info Systems 3 ,, MAJ
SW 107 Intro. to Psychology 3 ,, MAJ
SW 109 Intro. to Social work 3 MAJ
SW 111 Intro. to Sociology 3
Total 18
Second
SW 102 Culture and Society 3 None MAJ
SW 104 Social work Core 3 ,, MAJ
Competences
SW 106 Social work Principles, Ethics 3 ,, MAJ
and Values
SW 108 Methods of Social work 3 ,, MAJ
SW 110 Social work Skills 3 ,, MAJ
SW 112 Social Welfare Policies and 3 MAJ

Services
Total 18
Second Year ( 39 Credit Hours)
Semester Course # Title Credit Hours Prerequisite C/C

First
SW 201 Guidance and Counselling 3 None MAJ
SW 203 Social work, Community 3 „‟
Development and Leadership
SW 205 Social Problems 3 SW 111 MAJ
SW 207 Social work and Health Care 3 ,, MAJ
Delivery
SW 209 Social work and the Law 3 ,, MAJ
SW 211 Social work Research Method 3
Total 18
Second
SW205 Social Problems 3 SW 111 MAJ
SW 202 Social work Data Analysis and 3 SW 211 MAJ
Report Writing
SW 204 Social work Field Practice 3 ,, MAJ
SW 206 Social work Practicum 6 ,, MAJ
SW 208 Social work Practice and 3 ,, MAJ
Human Rights
SW 210 Social work Research Project 3 ,, MAJ
MAJ
Total 21
Programme Requirement.
It is expected that the students complete a total of 75 credit hours to qualify for the award of a Diploma in Social Work.
This entails a combination of course work and a three month
field placement (practicum) under the supervision of a trained social worker and backed by a written project.
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BACHELOR OF ARTS IN CHRISTIAN STUDIES
The Rationale
1. For many years now students at the University of The Gambia (UTG) have been asking for a course in
Christian Studies. As this request has proven to be consistent and need-based, it is in the best interests of its
student constituency for the UTG to respond to this request.
2. The Government of The Gambia is committed to the growth of the University as a key element in its holistic
development plan. Furthermore, the Government wisely endorses a policy of freedom and equity in terms of
the religious interests and beliefs of its citizenry. Indeed, even if religious freedom, tolerance and equity were
not values claimed by the Government, these values would still be, and are, fundamental to the philosophy of a
University. A course in Christian Studies will reflect these values in a tangible, productive way.
3. Limiting course offerings on Religion to Islamic Studies was understandable in the days when the UTG was in
its infancy and of necessity strove to meet the most basic interests of its constituency. However, now that it is
growing in both size and stature, UTG needs to act responsively by increasing its course portfolio in strategic
areas that reflect the interests of the broader local, regional and global communities.
4. Being the largest religion globally, the second largest religion in The Gambia, and the religion of some its
peoples (Jolas, Manjagoes, krios), Christian Studies is a much needed logical step for the University to provide
as a degree course. The increase of course components in the field of Religious Studies is all the more
necessary for Africa, where, unlike many continents, the vast majority of its people are theists.
5. Consequent on these factors, the Gambia Christian Council (GCC), which is a small but significant institution
responsible for co-ordinating and administering Christian affairs on behalf of the whole Christian community
of The Gambia, and whose mandate and activities have been recognized and endorsed by both the Government
and the UTG, has acceded, therefore, to the request by the Students‟ Union of the UTG for external assistance
in planning and running a course in Christian Studies at the University of the Gambia.
I. COURSES AND PROGRAMME FOR A MAJ0R IN CHRISTIAN STUDIES
Base-level 100 Prerequisites (available also among a choice of required courses for all university students)
Christianity 101: The Bible, Jesus and the Apostles
Christianity 102: The History and Doctrines of Christianity: An Overview
Core Course Requirements for Majors

1. Tools and Tips for Study of the Bible in Original Languages (200 level)
2. Old Testament I (200 level)
3. Old Testament II (200 level)
4. New Testament I (200 level)
5. New Testament II (200 level)
6. Church History to 451 AD: The Formative Period (200 level)
7. Theology I: The Nature of God (200 level)
8. Theology II: The Work of God (200 level)
9. Church History Beyond 451: Overview and Highlights (300 level)
10. Christianity in the Gambia (300 level)
11. The Christian Life (300 level)
12. Christian Apologetics (400 level)
13. Biblical Exegesis and Hermeneutics (300 level)
13. Research: Denominational History and Theology (400 level)
14. Biblical Hebrew I (100 level)
15. Biblical Hebrew II (100 level)
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Electives (2 required for Majors)
1. Christianity in Africa (300 level)

2. West African Theologians and Their Theological Emphases (400 level)
3. Communicating the Bible (300 level)
4. Christian Ethics and Social Action (400 level)
5. Classical and African Expressions of Christian Spirituality (300 level)
6. Research: Denominational Polity and Procedures (400 level)
7. Comparative Religion
II. COURSES AND PROGRAMME FOR A MINOR IN CHRISTIAN STUDIES
Base level 100 Prerequisites (available also from a choice of required courses for all university students)
Christianity 101: The Bible, Jesus and the Apostles

Christianity 102: The History and Doctrines of Christianity: An Overview
Core Course Requirements for Minors

1. Tips and Tools for the Study Bible in the Original Languages (200 level)
2. Old Testament I (200 level)
3. Old Testament II (200 level)
4. New Testament I (200 level)
5. New Testament II (200 level)
6. Church History to 451 AD (200 level)
7. Theology I: The Nature of God (200 level)
8. Theology II: The Work of God (200 level)
9. The Christian Life (300 level)
10. Christian Apologetics (400 level)
11. Christianity in the Gambia (300 level)
Electives (4 required for Minors)

1. Christianity in Africa (300 level)
2. West African Theologians and Their Theological Emphases (400 level)
3. Communicating the Bible (300 level)
4. Church History Beyond 451: Overview and Highlights
5. Research: Denominational History and Theology (400 level)
6. Research: Denominational Polity and Procedures (400 level)
7. Biblical Hebrew I (300 level)
8. Biblical Hebrew II (300 level)
9. Christian Ethics and Social Action (400 level)
10. Classical and African Expressions of Christian Spirituality (300 level)
11. Biblical Exegesis and Hermeneutics (300 level)
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
CHRISTIAN STUDIES
100 Level
CHS 101. The Bible, Jesus and the Apostles

An introduction to early and biblical Christianity, taught from an ecumenical perspective. The course will include
lectures and discussions. Topics of study will include a survey of the contents and meaning of both the Old and New
Testaments, an overview of the life, times and significance of Jesus, and the days of the early church, including both the
time of the Apostles and the early church Fathers.
CHS 102. The History and Doctrines of Christianity: An Overview

A continuation of the study of Christianity, assuming Christianity 101 as a prerequisite. The course will include
lectures, seminars and discussions. The various sessions will briefly trace the history of the church since apostolic times
and touch on the development of Christian beliefs along the way. Along the way as well the West African context of
Christianity will be considered. The course will also briefly consider basic Christian beliefs and practices today. Where
different views are held within Christianity, an accurate description of the differences will be given.
200 Level
CHS 201. Tools and Tips for Study of the Bible in the Original Languages
Without some familiarity with the original languages in which the Bible was written ––primarily Hebrew and Greek––
scholarly study of the Bible is greatly hindered. Fortunately, there are now many tools that enable the student to access
the original languages without knowing these languages in their entirety. (In fact knowledge of the alphabets to these
languages is all that is required to make significant inroads.) This course will provide the student with knowledge of,
access to, and practice at using these tools that come in the form of both on-line and conventional book resources.
Students will start by learning the Greek and Hebrew alphabets, including the convention of identifying Hebrew vowels.
The course will follow with instruction on the meaning of the basic grammatical and syntactical features these resources
denote and their relevance to understanding the biblical text. The resources which students will be coached in
accessing and understanding will include Interlinear Bibles, Concordances, lexicons, theological word-books and
several dozen classic commentaries.
Resources: CrossWalk.com, Blue Letter Bible, SearchGodsWord.org, ESword, etc.(all are free on-line tools) and
photocopied language aid materials provided by the instructor.
CHS 202. Old Testament I

This course will survey the contents of the Pentateuch and the books of Joshua through Kings in the Christian canon.
At the same time the course will consider key issues arising from these texts. These issues will include matters of
relevance to the Christian faith as a whole (for example, What is the relation of Mosaic "law" to
Christian "gospel"? What does it means to be made in the image of God?), matters of traditional-academic concern (for
example, What is the date and original setting of these books?), and matters of interpretation (for example, what has
been, and can now be, regarded as the "literal sense" of a passage?). The course will also provide students, through
practice as well as instruction, with a basic understanding of various methods by which one can recover the meaning of
a passage in its historical context, including the use of archaeological discoveries. Contextual resources will include the
African [Study] Bible, Africa Bible Commentary (WordAlive, 2006), and Mary Getui, et al., eds., Interpreting the Old
Testament in Africa (Acton, 2001).
CHS 203. Old Testament II

A continuation of Old Testament I, this course will survey the contents of the remaining books of the Old Testament in
the Christian canons. The same issues will be explored as in Old Testament I. Owing to time, relatively less time will
be given to those books not recognized by all Christians as constituting the canon of the Old Testament. (See Old
Testament I above for selected resources specific to an African context.)
CHS 204. New Testament I

This course will survey the contents and theological distinctiveness of each of the so-called Synoptic Gospels (Matthew,
Mark, and Luke), with secondary consideration given to traditional academic matters (the relation of these gospels to
each other, authorship, possible sources, historical reliability, etc.). Intentionally following the canonical order, the
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course will continue with a similar survey of the Gospel of John. Given that Jesus is the Gospel, the portrait that
emerges from these four witnesses will be examined for the distinctive richness that each brings to an understanding of
Jesus Christ, the “son of God.” (Where helpful to understanding these primary sources, the historical and cultural
milieus of first-century Judaism and Greco-Roman culture will be included.)
CHS 205. New Testament II

This course will survey the remaining books of the New Testament. Given its canonical placement, the Acts of the
Apostles will form the historical backbone for understanding the Epistles of St. Paul that follow. Emphases will be
similar to New Testament I in considering the theological contribution of each book as well as to matters of historical
context. (Both this course and New Testament I will include some interaction with distinctively African contributions
to biblical scholarship, such as reflected in the Africa Bible Commentary [Word Alive, 2006] and the new edition of the
African [Study] Bible [Paulines, forthcoming].)
CHS 206. Church History to 451 AD: The Formative Period

This course will consider the history of the church from the end of the New Testament period to the Council of
Chalcedon in 451. These were often times of ideological threat from the outside and controversies from within, both of
which led the church carefully to consider how best to represent the biblical witness. Key matters of Christian faith
were tested in light of Holy Scripture, often adjudicated by invoking the regula fidei (“rule of faith”) as a means of
distinguishing the novel and heretical from the biblical and apostolic. Crucial matters of abiding relevance concern the
identity of Christ as both fully human and divine (e.g. “eternally begotten, not made”), the nature of the Trinity and the
historical and theological background to key Creeds such as the “Apostles‟”, Nicean and Chalcedonian.
CHS 207. Theology I: The Nature of God

This course will think about how, from a Christian point of view, we can talk about God, who is "beyond all human
understanding," "immortal, invisible, only wise." How then do we know Him? This term will consider what we can
know about Him by our own capacities (natural theology, including the religions), and how God tells us about Himself
(the doctrine of revelation). This leads naturally to the Christian understanding of the authority of Holy Scripture. The
term will conclude with the nature of God as Father, Son, and Spirit, growing as it does from the affirmation that Jesus
Christ is God's Son. How can we as Christians believe this even as we affirm God
as one?
CHS 208. Theology II: The Work of God

Following from CHS 207, this course will consider the work of Christ on our behalf. What does it mean to say we are
creatures? What does it mean to say we are sinners? Why and how does this require the work of God to forgive and
free us (doctrine of the atonement)? We will consider the Scriptural basis for the atonement. Finally we will consider
how, forgiven, we are called into the community of Christ's Body, the new people of God (ecclesiology): why are the
churches many? What are the marks of the true church? In what sense is the church itself sinful ? Will there be a
church on the day of the Lord (eschatology)?
300 Level
CHS 301. The Christian Life

This course will consider various practical and ethical aspects of living that arise in the wake of the experience of
forgiveness of one‟s sins through the atoning work of Christ. The course will consider why in the view of both Jesus
and St Paul, the experience of God‟s grace and forgiveness can never evoke licentiousness as a response but rather the
opposite, a life of obedience lived in response to, and as a manifestation of, the bestowal of grace and freedom in Christ.
On a more practical level the course will identify key Christian virtues, and practices (prayer, worship, sexual purity,
chastity, Christian marriage, concern for the poor, etc.). Advice will be given how grace-fully to adopt these traits and
practices in personal and ecclesial life––and in and for society at large.
CHS 302. Christianity in The Gambia

This course will begin by looking at the missionary efforts to The Gambia begun by Portuguese Roman Catholics in the
fifteenth century, and in the nineteenth century, by Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Methodists. It will offer a West
African Christian perspective on the successes and failures of these missionary efforts, including why it has taken a long
time for Christianity to be adopted widely in The Gambia. This course will also look at the religious milieu of the
country, including the impact of Islam, as well as some of the economic and political factors contributing to
Christianity‟s spread. A key focus, however, will be on the history of efforts by Gambian and other West African
Christians to reach their fellow countrymen and others for the Gospel.
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CHS 303. Christianity in Africa
For most of Africa, Christianity was originally mediated through European missionaries, and in each case they were
received differently, and produced different results. This course will analyze the theology and the practice of
missionaries in Africa, and the role of European colonizers on the continent of Africa. However, the key focus will be
on the history, significance and distinctive efforts by African Christians to reach their fellow countrymen and others
with the Gospel, and the challenges posed and lessons learned by these efforts. Particular attention will be given to
West Africa, but brief consideration will be given to Christianity in North Africa, Ethiopia, East Africa and South
Africa.
CHS 304. Christian History Beyond 451 AD: Overview and Highlights
This course will offer a basic overview of Church History from 451 AD to the present. Periods in which the Bible,
theology and the experience of God took on a seemingly new or different light will be highlighted, as will factors that
affected Christianity in Africa. Approximately one-fourth of the course will be given over to independent guided study
of a period or periods highly influential within the student‟s own ecclesial tradition.
CHS 305. Communicating the Bible

This course reckons with the reality that most Christians will at one point or another be called upon to lead a Bible
study, teach or preach the Bible. The course thus considers both hermeneutic and pedagogical principles that are
essential to effective communication of the Bible and its message of God‟s love, forgiveness and calling in Christ.
CHS 306. Classical and African Expressions of Christian Spirituality

Spirituality (sometimes called “godliness” or “piety”) refers to aspects of the devotional practices of a religion,
especially those that affect the inner life of a Christian. As Richard Foster (Celebration of Discipline) has noted,
Christian spiritual exercises are concerned not with emptying the mind or self (as is common in Eastern traditions) but
with infilling by Christ through the Holy Spirit. Such exercises are not a sign of spirituality but a path towards it. The
various disciplines the course will consider include Julian of Norwich, Thomas Kempis, the exercises of St. Ignatius of
Loyola (1520s), Lectio Divina, Christian meditation, Oswald Chambers, Richard Foster and Eugenhe course will draw
heavily from African perspectives on Christian Spirituality, as chronicled by such writers as Paul Christian Kiti (on
African Ignatian Spirituality), John Mbiti, Laurenti Magesa, and especially Gerrie ter Haar, author of How God Became
African: African Spirituality and Western Secular Thought.
CHS 307. Biblical Exegesis and Hermeneutics

Biblical exegesis refers to the process whereby one arrives at as unbiased and accurate understanding of the meaning of
a biblical text in its original context as possible. Partly art, partly science, skill at this process is vitally important
ability, as the Bible is the medium by which God speaks and can thus be understood. This course will provide the
student with instruction and practice at exegeting biblical texts of a variety of types and genres, seeking wherever
practical to incorporate African perspectives.
Hermeneutics involves making the move from the original meaning of a text to its contemporary meaning or
significance. The second part of this course will introduce the student to (especially African) hermeneutical approaches
and theories.
400 Level
CHS 401. Christian Apologetics

Christian apologetics is the discipline of defending the truth of Christianity in light of various objections leveled against
it. The course will consider, and clarify, various misconceptions about Christianity that prevail in the both the secular
Western environment as well as within the Gambia. The course will also offer instruction on how lovingly and
truthfully to respond to various philosophical, theological and scientific problems that are sometimes raised against
Christian beliefs.
CHS 402. West African Theologians and Their Theological Emphases

This course will examine the contribution of recent West African academic theologians to Christian thought. Authors
to be considered will include Kwame Bediako (from Ghana), Valentin Dedji and Lamin Sanneh (both from The
Gambia). The goal will be to understand the theological contribution of each, their places in current Christian discourse
and the role(s) their African context may have played in their contributions to Christian scholarship.
CHS 403. Christian Ethics and Social Action

This course will examine the role of Christian Ethics as it applies to both ethical issues and social needs. Ethical issues
examined will be drawn from the following: veneration of the ancestors, abortion, medical ethics, polygamous converts
to Chritianity, just war, alcohol use, HIV/AIDS and wealth and poverty. The more recent (yet historic) trend towards
63
regarding Christian ethics more in terms of character (Virtues) than judgments on controversial issues will also be
considered. Based upon Christian ethical reflection rooted in Scripture and theology, an appropriate response will be
considered for addressing key social issues within The Gambia.
CHS 404. Denominational History and Theology

This course seeks to honor the integrity of the particular distinctives of various Christian sub-groups (“denomination”).
The student will thus research and report on the particularities of the particular denomination that he/she (or, in some
cases, a denominational leader to whom the student has chosen to be accountable) chooses. The purpose of the course
is for the student to be better grounded in a Christian tradition (normally the one to which the student belongs).
CHS 405. Denominational Polity and Practice

This course follows from the course on denominational history and theology and serves the same purposes. In this
course, however, the student will examine matters of policy and procedure relevant to his/her particular denomination.
Matters of policy will include such things as canon law (where applicable), membership criteria, church government,
recognition of formal leadership etc.. Matters of practice will include instruction on such things as worship and church
life in general (e.g. procedures for celebration of communion, baptism, weddings, funerals, familiarity with worship
practices, liturgy etc.) (For denominations with relatively few distinctive policies and practices, the history and
theology of that denomination will be examined in greater detail.) Finally, consideration will be given to many African
theologians‟ criticism of denominationalism as a sort of “European tribalism” that has marred the reputation of
Christianity in Africa.
HEBREW LANGUAGE
HEH 101. Biblical Hebrew I

Well over half the Christian Bible is written in Hebrew. Moreover the Hebrew language is much less precise than
Koine Greek (the language of the New Testament), meaning that English “translations” are more like interpretations at
many points. This course will therefore introduce the student to the biblical Hebrew language so that he/she can not
only understand the interpretative differences and adjudicate between them, but otherwise benefit from studying the
majority of the Word of God in its original language (See further on Biblical Hebrew II below.) N.B. Knowledge of
Arabic, though not expected, required or presumed, would prove advantageous.
HEB 102. Biblical Hebrew II

A continuation of Biblical Hebrew I. This course will move from the fundamental aspects of the alphabet, nouns,
adjectives and the strong verb learned in Biblical Hebrew I, to consider the weak verbs as well as basic Hebrew syntax.
Note again: Knowledge of Arabic, though note required, expected or presumed, would prove advantageous.
64
Study Plan for Bachelor of Arts in Christian Studies (NOTE: This study plan is merely a suggestion. It does not
include the student’s MINOR area)
Credit
XXX Foreign Language 3 None GER
CHS 101 The Bible, Jesus and The 3 Grade 12 WASSCE MAJ
Apostles
HEH 101 Biblical Hebrew I 3
Total 18
Civilisation
MTH 101 Basic Maths 3 None GER
CHS 102 The History and Doctrine of 3 CHS 101 MAJ
Christianity: An overview
HEB 102 Biblical Hebrew II 3 HEB 101 MAJ
Total 18

Credit
Fall HIS 201 History of The Gambia to 3 None DER
1900
Theory and Practice
CHS 201 Tool and Tips for study of 3 Completion of 1st year MAJ
the Bible in the original Courses
language
CHS 202 Old Testament I 3
CHS 203 New Testament I 3
Total 18
Spring LITE 100 Introduction to the study of 3 None DER
Literature
CHS 204 Old Testament II 3 Completion of 1st MAJ
CHS 205 New Testament II 3 Year Courses
CHS 206 Church History to 451 AD:
The Formative Period 3
CHS 207 Theology I: The Nature of
God 3
CHS 208 Theology II: The work of
God 3
Total 18

Credit
Fall XXXX Elective - Humanistic Tradition 3 None GER
DEV 204 Sub Saharan : International 3 DEV 101 DER
Relations
LITE 200 Introduction to Gambian 3 None DER
65
Literature
CHS 301 The Christian Life 3 Completion of 2nd MAJ
CHS 302 Christianity in The Gambia 3 year courses
CHS 303 Christianity in Africa 3
Total 18
Spring XXXXXX Elective - Behavioural Sciences 3 None GER
XXXXXX Elective - Economics and 3 None GER
Management Tradition
CHS 304 Christian History beyond 451 3 Completion of 2nd MAJ
AD: Overview and Highlights year courses
CHS 305 Communicating the Bible 3
CHS 306 Classical and African 3
expression of Christian
Spirituality
CHS 307 Biblical Exegesis Hermeneutics 3
Total 18

Credit
Fall XXXXXX Elective - Behavioural 3 None GER
Sciences
CHS 401 Christian Apologetics 3 Completion of 3rd MAJ
CHS 402 West African Theologies and 3 Year courses
Theological Emphases
Total 9
Spring CHS 403 Christian Ethics and Social 3 Completion of 3rd MAJ
Action Year courses
CHS 404 Denominational History and 3
Theology
CHS 405 Denominational Polity and 3
Practice
Total 9
MAJ: Major Requirements for degree
66
PART B
DIVISION OF PHYSICAL
AND NATURAL SCIENCES
(DPNS)
67
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS
Introduction
Mathematics is the language of modern science; basic training in the discipline is essential for those who want to
understand, as well as for those who want to take part in, the important scientific developments of our time.
Acquaintance with mathematics is also extremely useful for students in the social sciences and valuable for anyone
interested in the full range of human culture and the ways of knowing the universe in which we live.
Graduates of UTG in Mathematics will be prepared for graduate work in mathematics or computer science, or for
employment in such mathematics-related fields as systems analysis, operations research, actuarial science etc.
Objectives
The objectives for undergraduate education in Mathematics at UTG are no different from any standard university
mathematics program. The objectives for students in the Department of Mathematics fall into five categories:
1 Logical Skills: Students should be proficient in the application of the laws of logic to mathematical statements.
Students encounter this rigorous mathematical thinking in the pre-requisite linear algebra course, and expand
and sharpen those skills in the required courses in analysis and algebra course. Many other courses require
students to write proofs and/or construct algorithms.
2 Accumulation of Knowledge: Students should have a detailed understanding of a broad subset of

known mathematical notions and results. Our major courses cover a broad set of fields: analysis, algebra,
topology, probability and statistics, ordinary and partial differential equations, and programming. Our
requirements force students to learn material in several of these areas.
3 Analytical Skills: Students should have the ability to see connections between mathematical notions and
applications, to formulate precise and relevant mathematical statements and questions, and to find valid means
of resolving those questions. All major courses require extensive problem solving on the part of the student.
4 Writing: Students should be able to communicate mathematical concepts and reasoning effectively, and should
be able to write rigorous proofs. Almost all of our courses require problem solving, and they require writing to
communicate their solutions. Many math courses, including some required courses includes the writing proofs;
this is the most demanding of all technical writing. Students are expected to be able to communicate their
solutions and proofs effectively and concisely.
5 External Performance: Students should be able to perform and compete successfully at graduate school and at
their work places.
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COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
MTH 001 College Algebra (3) is a university level course in algebra that provides a foundation for further courses in
Mathematics and includes discussions on real numbers and their properties, exponents and radicals, polynomials and
factoring, rational expressions, linear and quadratic equations, linear and quadratic inequalities, the Coordinate
Cartesian plane, functions and their graphs.. Pre-requisite: None.
MTH 002 Pre-Calculus (3) focuses principally on trigonometry and analytic geometry and prepares students for
further courses in calculus while building on the algebra substructure erected by MTH 001(University Algebra). Pre-
requisite: MTH 001 or suitable score on the university mathematics placement test.
MTH 101 Calculus I (3) introduces the basic notions of calculus such as limits and continuity, differentiation and
applications of differentiation such as curve sketching, related rates, and maximum/minimum problems. Pre-requisites:
MTH 002, a passing grade in secondary school A-level mathematics or suitable score on the university mathematics
placement test.
MTH 102 Calculus II (3) provides an overview of integration, applications to area, volume, motion, length, work and
fluid pressure, methods of integration, approximate integration, and improper integrals. Pre-requisites: MTH 101.
MTH 103 Basic Maths (3) is a university level course in basic mathematics. It is the course to be taken by students
who either failed or just passed mathematics to fulfil their university mathematics course requirement. It includes
discussions on equations and inequalities, absolute values, ordered pairs representation in the Cartesian plane, linear
programming, geometry, functions (polynomial, exponentials, logarithmic), trigonometry, complex numbers,
determinants and systems of equations, matrices, sequences and series, permutations and combinations, the binomial
theorem and mathematical induction. Pre-requisite: None.
MTH 105 Basic Statistics (3) provides a general introduction to statistical methods with examples from business and
economics. The course covers topics like definition and uses of statistics, tabulation and presentation of ungrouped data
in diagrams, measures of location of ungrouped data, measures of dispersion of ungrouped data, measures of location
for grouped data, measures of dispersion for grouped data, linear coding to find the mean and standard deviation,
definition of probability, normal distribution, standardising scores, method of least square lines of regression. Pre-
requisite: MTH 001 or qualifying score on placement examination.
MTH 109 Finite Mathematics (3) is an introductory level university course that focuses on thinking logically in
mathematical terms and that prepares students for higher level courses in mathematics and statistics. Topics include
linear functions, systems of linear equations, linear programming, the mathematics of finance, and an introduction to
probability and statistics.
MTH 201 Intermediate Calculus I (3) Topics include sequences and series, convergence tests, power series,
parametric equations, polar coordinates, vectors in 2 and 3 dimensions, dot product and cross product, equations of lines
and planes, vector functions
Prerequisite: MTH 002, MTH 101, MTH 102
MTH 202 Intermediate Calculus II (3) Topics include functions of 2 variables, partial derivatives, the gradient
vector, extrema, double and triple integrals, Vector fields, Divergence and curl, Fundamental theorem of Line Integrals,
surface integrals, Green‟s Theorem, Stokes Theorem, Divergence Theorem, second order differential equations
Prerequisite: MTH 002, MTH 101, MTH 102, MTH 201
MTH 203 Linear Algebra I (3 lecture, 1 lab) Systems of linear equations, matrices. Gaussian elimination,
homogeneous systems of linear equations, systems of equations & invertibility. Matrix algebra – Determinants The
determinant function: cofactor expansion: Cramer‟s Rule. Vector spaces – linear independence, basis & dimension, row
& column spaces, rank, finding bases, span & spanning sets. Orthogonality – scalar products, scalar & vector
projections and inner product, together with various applications and computational methods. Pre-requisites: MTH 101,
MTH 102
MTH 204 Linear Algebra II (3) Topics include orthogonality – Gram-Schmidt process, orthogonal and orthonormal
bases, general Gram–Schmidt process, orthogonal matrices, change of basis, coordinatization, matrix representations &
similarity, diagonalization, diagonalization of quadratic forms, application to conic sections. Eigenvalues &
Eigenvectors: The LU factorization. complex numbers, modules, complex conjugates, division, complex vector spaces,
complex inner product spaces, unitary, normal, & Hermitian matrices. Applications of linear algebra – Differential
69
equations, Approximation problems, Fourier series. Linear transformation of Euclidean spaces: linear transformations
of the plane. Prerequisite: MTH 203
MTH 205 Differential Equations I (3 lecture 1 lab) introduces first and second order differential equations with
applications, series solutions, numerical methods, Laplace transforms, and systems of differential equations with
applications, as well as an introduction to partial differential equations. Matrix methods, Fourier series, Sturm-Liouville
expansions. Prerequisite: MTH 202, MTH 203
MTH 206 Differential Equations II (3) Topics include analysis of the solutions of the wave equation, heat equation
and Laplace's equation. Integral relations and Green's functions. Potential theory, Dirichlet and Neumann problems.
Asymptotic methods: the method of stationary phase, geometrical optics, regular and singular perturbation methods.
Prerequisite: MTH 205
MTH 207 Introduction to Proofs (3) This course is designed to help mathematics majors to make the transition from
computational courses to the more theoretical 400-level courses. Topics will include: set proofs, proofs of
biconditionals, divisibility proofs, mathematical induction, and proof by contradiction. Prerequisite: MTH 101.
MTH 212 Applied Statistics (3) Descriptive statistics and statistical methods, both theory and (for large samples) with
aid of a statistical package (SPSS).Topics include descriptive statistics, cross tables, comparing two variances, analysis
of variance, simple and multiple linear regression, goodness of fit, nonparametric testing (sign test, rank tests), correct
interpretation of the output of statistical programs.
MTH 301 Introduction to Mechanics (3) This course introduces the fundamental principles of mechanics. Topics
include, statics of particles; forces in a plane and in space, Equivalent systems of forces; cartesian vector and vector
operations, equilibrium of rigid bodies; including free body diagrams, simple trusses, distributed forces; centroids,
centres of gravity and moments of inertia, static indeterminacy and friction, stress and strain concepts; including
Hooke's law, mechanical properties of materials, axial and torsion loading, bending behaviour; including shear and
moment diagrams. Prerequisites: MTH 202, PHY 101, 102
MTH 302 Probability and Statistics I (3) covers the fundamentals of probability; discrete and continuous random
variables; expected value; variance; joint, marginal, and conditional distributions; conditional expectations;
applications; simulation; central limit theorem, order statistics. It also includes methods of estimation, collection,
analysis and display of quantitative information, hypothesis testing, regression, ANOVA. Pre-requisites: MTH 101,
MTH 105.
MTH 303 Probability and Statistics II (3) Deepening concepts and construction methods in probability and statistics
with emphasis on statistics. Topics include Probability: characteristic functions, more distributions: Erlang, Gamma,
Students t, chi square, Fisher. Introduction to Queuing Theory and Markov processes. Statistics: Moment and maximum
likelihood estimators, consistent estimators, consistent test statistic, power of tests, MP-tests (likelihood ratio test) , P-
values, one and two-sided confidence intervals, link between confidence intervals and hypothesis-testing, application to
one and two-sample problems.
MTH 304 Introductions to Complex Variables (3) Topics include complex arithmetic, analytic functions, elementary
functions, integration, Cauchy integral formula, series. Prerequisite: MTH 202
MTH 305 Computer Programming I (3) Topics include: types, operators, control structures, input/output, arithmetic
operations, functions and parameters, arrays, strings, pointers, and structures. Program design and style will be
emphasized: Prerequisite: Good math background
MTH 307 Computer Programming II (3) This is a continuation of MTH 305, topics include key concepts in software
design and object-oriented programming. Prerequisite: MTH 305
MTH 310 Number Theory (3) Divisibility, solution of congruences, Fermat‟s little theorem, Euler phi-function,
quadratic residues and quadratic reciprocity, Diophantine equations, topics in algebraic or analytic number theory.
Prerequisites: MAT 102 and 207.
70
MTH 312 Combinatorics (3) A survey of both classical and modern results to include generating polynomials,
recursion, inclusion and exclusion, topics from combinatorial design and from graph theory. Stress will be placed upon
applications, and there will be discussion of current problems in combinatorics. Prerequisites:MAT102,203and207.
MTH 325 Computational Mathematics (3) This course is designed to introduce the student to the use of the computer
as an investigative tool in the field of mathematics with emphasis on experimental techniques involving graphical and
numerical displays, application of techniques from numerical analysis to data driven problems, and the use of computers
in solution techniques. Prerequisite: MTH 102 & MTH 204
MTH 403 Introduction to Modern Algebra I (3) This course covers the basic concepts of group theory. Topics
include group theory, including subgroups, normal subgroups, cosets, quotient groups, and group homomorphisms.
MTH 404 Introduction to Modern Algebra II (3) This course is a continuation of Modern Algebra I, covering the
theory of rings and fields. Topics include Rings, fields, ideals, quotient rings, Euclidean domains, and extension fields.
MTH 405 Numerical Analysis I (MATLAB) (3) Topics include construction and analysis of numerical algorithms for
root finding, interpolation and approximation of functions, quadrature, and the solution of differential equations;
fundamentals of computer arithmetic; solution of linear systems, least squares problems, and eigenvalue problems via
matrix factorizations; the singular value decomposition (SVD) and basic sensitivity analysis. Prerequisite: MTH 201,
203, 305.
MTH 406 Numerical Analysis II (MATLAB) (3) Topics include Iterative methods for linear systems of equations
including Krylov subspace methods; Newton and Newton-like methods for nonlinear systems of equations; Gradient
and Newton-like methods for unconstrained optimization and nonlinear least squares problems; techniques for
improving the global convergence of these algorithms; linear programming duality and primal-dual interior-point
methods. Prerequisite: MTH 405
MTH 407 Real Analysis I (3) This course covers the theoretical foundation of calculus.Topics include Completeness
property of the real number, limits of sequences, limits and continuity of functions of one variable. Prerequisite: MTH
201
MTH 408 Real Analysis II (3) This course is a continuation of Real Analysis I.Topics include the theory of
derivatives, the Riemann integral of functions of one variable, sequences and series of functions. Prerequisite: MTH
202, MTH 407
MTH 409 Introduction to General Topology (3)

Topics include Metric spaces, definition of topological space, open and closed sets, separation properties, compactness.
MTH 411 Introductory Mathematical Modeling (3) Mathematics models are formulated for problems arising in
various areas where mathematics is applied. Techniques are developed for analyzing the problem and testing validity of
proposed model. Prerequisite: MTH 407, MTH 205 & MTH 203
71
STUDY PLAN

Semester Title Credit Hours Prerequisite
Course # Fulfills
I EGL 100 Writing Skills 3 None GER
MTH 002 Pre-Calculus 3 MTH 001 MJR
CPS 111 Introduction to Information 3 None GER
Communication Technology
CHM 101 General Chemistry 3 MJR
General Requirement 3 GER
Total 15
a. II General Requirement 3 GER
MTH 101 Calculus I 3 MTH 002 MJR
PHY 101 Fundamentals of Physics I 3 To be taken MJR
concurrently
with MTH 101
Total 18
Second Year (36 Credit Hours)

Course # Fulfills
III MTH 102 Calculus II 3 MTH 101 MJR
PHY 102 Fundamentals of Physics II 3 MTH 101 MJR
MTH 207 Introduction to Proofs 3 MTH 101 MJR
General Requirement 3
GER
Total 18
IV MTH 201 Intermediate Calculus I 3 MTH 102 MJR
MTH 203 Linear Algebra I 3 MTH 102 MJR
MTH 305 Computer Programming I 3 MJR
Total 15
72
Third Year (33 Credit Hours)
Course # Fulfills
V MTH 204 Linear Algebra II 3 MTH 203 MJR
Major elective 3 MJE
MTH 202 Intermediate Calculus II 3 MTH 201 MJR
MTH 205 Differential equations I 3 MTH 201

MJR
FRE 300 Free Elective 3 CRR
Total 15
b. VI MTH 302 Probability and Statistics I 3 MJR
MTH 206 Differential equations II 3 MTH 205 MJR
MTH 403 Introduction to Modern 3 MTH 204 MJR

algebra I
MTH 301 Introduction to Mechanics 3 PHY 101 &
PHY 102 MJR
MJE 302 Major Elective 3
MJE
Total 18
Fourth Year (30 Credit Hours)

Course # Fulfills
FRE 400 Free Elective 3 CRE
VII
MTH 405 Numerical Analysis I 3 MTH 305 MJR
MTH 304 Introduction to Complex 3 MTH 202 MJR
Variables
MTH 407 Real Analysis I 3 Senior MJR

Standing
MJE 400 Major Elective 3 MJE
Total 15
c. VI MTH Major Elective 3 MJE
II
MTH Major Elective 3 MJE
Free Elective 3 MJE
Free Elective 3 MJE
Free Elective 3 FRE
Total 15
Abbreviations: GER: General Education Requirement; CRR: Core Requirement; CRE: Core Elective; MJR Major
Requirement; MJE: Major Elective; FRE: Free Elective
73
Lectures of all math courses are 2 1½ per week or 3 semester hours (unless stated otherwise)
The content of the calculus courses are based on the calculus book by Stewart - 4th/5th edition
NB: Students considering graduate school in mathematics are strongly advised to take Introduction to Modern Algebra
II and Real Analysis II as two of their electives
Students can choose the elective courses from the following:

They could choose five from the following courses
MTH 303 Probability and Statistics II

MTH 404 Introduction to Modern Algebra II
MTH 408 Real Analysis II
MTH 406 Numerical Analysis II
MTH 409 Introduction to General Topology
MTH 410 Geometry
MTH 411 Introductory Mathematical Modeling
MTH 325 Computational Mathematics
MTH 307 Computer Programming II
MTH 310 Number Theory
MTH 312 Combinatorics
74
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS
Introduction
Physics is a practical-oriented science subject and every scientific discovery has been made as a result of experimental
investigation. To understand the theoretical aspects of physics taught in the classroom or laboratory, the student must be
prepared to master some of the techniques of experimental physics.
Graduates of UTG in Physics will be prepared for graduate work in physics , computer science, or for employment in
such physical and engineering related fields as systems analysis, operations research, actuarial science etc. Our
undergraduate students have opportunities to pursue forefront research in almost any area.
All undergraduate students at UTG study, Electricity and Magnetism, Electronics and Solar Energy. Beyond that, our
Physics majors pursue a programme that provides outstanding preparation for advanced education in Physics and other
careers.
Objectives
The objectives for undergraduate education in Physics at UTG are no different from any standard university Physics
program. The objectives for students in the Physics Units are:
1. To provide a balanced introduction to the most important concepts and phenomenon in physics in a way that
reflects the beauty and excitement of physics and also provide a solid foundation for further study.
2. To present physics in a logical and coherent manner that is interesting and accessible to all students.
3. To help students build self-confidence in their understanding of physics and in their problem-solving skills.
4. To stimulate student by exposing them to some of the many contemporary applications of and developments in
Physics in everyday life, in today's technology.
Students encounter this rigorous analytical/ mathematical thinking in the pre-requisite Fundamental of physics courses
and expand and sharpen those skills in courses in Classical Mechanics, Quantum Physics and Analogue and
Digital Electronics.
5. Students should have a detailed understanding of a broad subset of known Physics concepts. Our courses cover
a broad set of fields: Mechanics, Electricity and Magnetism, Thermodynamics, Electromagnetic Theories,
Electronics, Geophysics, Modern Physics, Renewal Energy etc. Our requirements force students to learn
material in several of these areas.
6. Students should have the ability to see connections between Principles in Physics and applications to everyday life,
to formulate precise and relevant physical problems and to find valid means of resolving those problems. All major
courses require extensive problem solving on the part of the student.
7. Students should be able to communicate Physical concepts, Experimental works and reason effectively, and
should be able to write rigorous proofs. Almost all of our courses require problem solving, and writing to
communicate their solutions. Many Physics courses, requires writing proofs, this is the most demanding of all
technical writing. Students are expected to be able to communicate their solutions and proofs effectively
and concisely.
8. The Gambia's geographical location gives it plenty of sunlight hours. The country receives 2,500 hours
of sunlight yearly and a daily solar energy potential of an average 2.5 KJ per square centimeter area. The
Government is encouraging use of alternative energy and the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and associated
equipment is on the rise be it for domestic, commercial or industrial use. The use of alternative and
renewable energy in the country is gaining recognition, especially the use of solar PV. hence the need for the
Solar Energy courses.
75
STUDENTS WHO WISH TO MAJOR IN PHYSICS SHOULD DO THE FOLLOWING CORE COURSES:
PHY 101 Fundamental of Physics I

PHY 102 Fundamental of Physics II
PHY 104 Experimental Physics I (General)
PHY 201 Modern Physics I
PHY 202 Modern Physics II
PHY 204 Electricity and Magnetism.
PHY 205 Experimental Physics II (Electricity)
MTH 201 Intermediate Calculus I
MTH 205 Differential Equations I
PHY 206 Electric Circuit
PHY 207 Analogue and Digital Electronics
PHY 301 Optics
MTH 202 Intermediate Calculus II
MTH 206 Differential Equations II
CPS 101 Computer Programming I
PHY 304 Electromagnetic Theory I
PHY 306 Electromagnetic Theory II
PHY 310 Experimental Physics III (Electronics)
PHY 406 Solar Energy
PHY 408 Experimental Physics IV (Solar)
STUDENTS WHO WISH TO MINOR IN PHYSICS SHOULD DO THE FOLLOWING CORE COURSES:

PHY 102 Fundamental of Physics II
PHY 204 Electricity and Magnetism
PHY 206 Electric Circuit
PHY 207 Analogue and Digital Electronics
PHY 306 Electromagnetic Theory II
STUDENTS HAVE THE OPTION TO CHOOSE THE FOLLOWING COURSES AS ELECTIVES:
PHY 203 Thermodynamics

PHY 209 Renewable Energy
PHY 302 Classical Mechanics
PHY 305 Solid State Physics
PHY 308 Acoustics
PHY 309 Quantum Physics
PHY 401 Geophysics
PHY 412 Thermal Physics
PHY 407 Research Project
76
COURSES DESCRIPTIONS
Prerequisites: Grade 12 physics and MTH 101
This calculus- based introductory Physics course provides a complete and formal introduction to the equations of
motion, Newton‟s Law s of motion, Newton‟s Laws of Universal Gravitation, thermodynamics and kinetic theory of
gases.
PHY 102 Fundamentals of Physics II
Prerequisites: PHY 101 and MTH 101, MTH 102
This calculus-based introductory Physics course provides a complete and formal introduction to the fluid mechanics,
electrostatics, Quantum physics and Special Relativity.
PHY 103 College Physics
Prerequisites: Grade 12 Physics and Mathematics
This algebra based introductory physics course is designed for biology and Agriculture students. Topics of study
motion, the structure of the atom, electricity, light and optics, heat, radioactivity and sound. Applications of physics in
life science are emphasized throughout the course
Prerequisites: PHY 101, PHY 102
This experimental course is based on selected topics in Fundamentals of Physics I and II.
PHY 201 Modern Physics I
This course will introduce the concepts of blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, the Compton Effect, the concept
of wave – particle duality and the Schrodinger equation (applied to one dimensional example), atomic
structure and spectra
PHY 202 Modern Physics II
Prerequisite: PHY 201
This course introduces the concepts of nuclear physics, special relativity Quantization of light, Bohr atom, wave
mechanics, The Schrodinger equation (applied to three dimensional analyses)
PHY 203 Thermodynamics
The laws of thermodynamics describe the behaviour of the macroscopic world around us.This course will introduce the
concepts behind the description of bulk systems, including temperature, energy, entropy and laws of thermodynamics,
Maxwell‟s relations and phase transition.
77
PHY 204 Electricity & Magnetism
Prerequisites: PHY 101, PHY203, MTH 102
Students will be introduced to basic concepts describing electric and magnetic fields, including Gauss‟s Law, Faraday‟s
Law, conductors and insulators, resistance, inductance, capacitance in AC circuits. Transformers – step up and step
down,
Fundamentals of electromagnetic analysis, circuits and fields, Review of vector analysis, physical interpretation of
gradient, divergence and curl. Vector relation in other co-ordinates systems. E.m waves, polarization, reflection and
refraction of planes wavs, poynting theorem and power flow, instantaneous average and complex poynting vectors.
This experimental course is based on selected topics in Electricity and Magnetism and Electric Circuits theory.
PHY 206 Electric Circuits
Kirchoff‟s laws, Superposition, Millmas theorem, Threvenin‟s theorem, Norton‟s theorem, Linear quadripoles, Transfer
functions of quadripoles, RC circuits, RLC circuits (series & parallel),Filters- high pass, low pass, band pass etc.
PHY 207 Analogue & Digital Electronics
Student would be introduced to the basic concepts of n-type and p-type semiconductor,diodes, rectifier circuits, bridge
rectifier and rectifier with center tapped transformer, p-n junction in semiconductors, depletion zone, barrier voltages, v-
i characteristics of a p-n diode in forward and reverse direction, reverse breakdown, zener and avalanche effect, p-n
diode as rectifier, small signals and power rectifier, basics smoothing circuits for small signals and power rectifiers,
half-wave and full-wave rectification, zener voltage stabilizer, bipolar transistors,v-i characteristics in common base
and common emitter connection. unipolar transistors, JFET, MOSFET, depletion and enhancement mode of operation.
PHY 209 Renewable Energy
Students will be introduced to basic concepts describing solar thermal,Geothermal, bio fuels production, biomass, bio
energy technology, hydro power, ocean technology and wind technology and its associated applications.
PHY 301 Optics
An introduction to the concepts behind the production, propagation, and manipulation of waves including light. Topics
that would be discussed including the simple harmonic oscillator, the waves equation, wave velocity and propagation,
wave packets. This will lead to a discussion of the techniques of geometrical and physical optics.
78
PHY 302 Classical Mechanics
Prerequisites :PHY 203, PHY 202
Kinematics, coordinates systems, (Cartesian coordinates, polar coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, spherical
coordinates), velocities and acceleration of a point in a Frenet base, circular motion, helical motion, Change of frame of
reference, composition of velocities, composition of acceleration, Newtonian mechanics, Galileo transformations,
Terrestrial frame of reference, Work, Power, Kinetic energy, Potential energy, total mechanical energy, Interaction
between two bodies, Central force motion, Newton‟s universal law of gravitation, Kepler‟s laws, Orbits and Satellites
Prerequisites : PHY 302, PHY 203
This course introduces the equations for electric and magnetic fields in free space and in media. Techniques studied
include the lab lace and Poisson Equations, Maxwell‟s Equations and an introduction to Electrodynamics in free space.
PHY 305 Solid State Physics
Motion in one dimension with constant force, work done by a variable forces, work done by a variable forces, work and
energy in 3-D, and the dot products. Potential energy and equilibrium in 3-D, the generalized work energy theorem,
center of mass and center-of-mass reference frame. Collision in 3-D, broad field of circular motion and rotation
dynamics and vibrations. Classical atomic theory of solids, quantum concept s of conductivity-band models of
conductors, semiconductors, inductors, electrical conducting materials, properties of copper and its alloys, aluminum
and its alloys, ferro-electric materials, magnetic materials, magnetic polarization, diamagnetism, paramagnetism and
ferromagnetic materials.
PHY 306 Electromagnetic Theory II.
This course introduces an advanced discussion of electrodynamics in dielectrics and conductors, behavior of
electromagnetic waves at boundaries, dispersion, radiation and scattering.
PHY 308 Acoustics
Speed of sound waves, harmonics sound waves, waves in 3- D, intensities, interference, beats. Standing sound waves,
harmonics analysis and synthesis, wave packets and dispersion, Doppler effects, musical acoustics and musical
instruments, acoustics of buildings, ultrasonic generation and practical application, concept of resonance, echo and its
applications.
PHY 309 Quantum Physics.
Prerequisites :PHY 302, PHY 203
Limitation and failures of classical physics, Dual mature of matter, De – Broglie wavelength and uncertainty principle.
Wave Equation and concept function. The Schrondinger wave equation for quantum particle. Interpretation of wave
function in quantum mechanics, density, current density, average and expectation values of operators. Concept
operators types, Linear Hermitan and unitary operators, operators: algebra Dynamical variables and corresponding
operators; Momentum, angular Hamiltonian postulates of quantum mechanics, Eigen – value equations and stationary
states. Applications to simple one dimensional problems, potential barriers, square wells the harmonics oscillator,
central potential problems, the hydyogen – like atoms, concept of spin, Pauli‟s exclusion principle. Many – electron
atoms,. The periodic Table of elements.
79
This experimental course is based on selected topics in Analogue and Digital Electronics.
PHY 401 Geophysics
Prerequisites PHY 204, PHY 206, PHY 301
Introduction to seismic gravity, magnetic, and electrical methods, emphasing and interpretation of geographical data
related to applied geology. Techniques of photochrametry, study and interpretation of aerial photographs and satellites
imagery. Dynamics of rocks, stress-strain relationships, faults, folds ring dykes, physical properties of rocks and
materials.
PHY 406 Solar Energy
Internet structure of the Sun, Radiation outside the Earth‟s atmosphere, Nebulosity, Attenuation of solar radiation by
atmospheric layers, Reflection of solar rays by atmospheric layers, Diffuse solar radiation, Direct solar radiation on the
Earth‟s surface, Global solar radiation on the Earth‟s surface, Global solar radiation on a tilted surface, Transmission of
solar rays through a glass, photovoltaic conversion of solar rays, Thermal conversion of solar energy.
PHY 407 Research Project ( Project Work)
PHY 408 Experimental Physics IV (Solar Energy)
This course involves practical work based on system design (PV cells) and Solar Energy.
PHY 412 Thermal Physics
Heat conduction in 2 and 3 dimensions, Fourier equation of heat conduction with source and without source, Numerical
solution of Fourier equation,. Thermal convection on a horizontal surface, Thermal convection on a vertical surface,
Thermal convection in pipes, Thermal radiation, Emissivity and absorptivity of gray bodies, Black body- radiation,
Heat exchangers.
80
STUDY PLAN
YEAR 1
Semester Course Code Title Credits Prerequisite(s) Course

I GEL 101 Use of English I 3 None GER
GER Elective GER
GER Elective GER
DER Elective DER
DER Elective DER
PHY101 Fundamental of Physics 1 3 Grade 12 Physics, MTH MJR

002
Total Credits
Semester Course Code Title Credits Prerequisite(s) Course

II GEL102 Use of English II 3 GER
GER Elective GER
DER Elective DER
DER Elective DER
PHY 102 Fundamentals of Physics II 3 PHY 101 MJR

MTH 101
PHY 104 Experimental Physics I 4 PHY 101 MJR
(General) PHY 102 MTH 101
Total Credits
YEAR 2
Semester Course Code Title Credit Prerequisite(s) Course

I GER Elective GER
GER Elective GER
81
DER Elective DER
PHY 201 Modern Physics I 3 PHY 101 PHY 102 MJR
PHY 204 Electricity & Magnetism 3 PHY 101 MTH 102 MJR
PHY 206 Electric Circuits 3 PHY 101 MJR
Total Credits

II GER Elective GER
DER Elective DER
PHY 202 Modern Physics II 3 PHY 201 MJR
PHY 205 Experimental Physics II 4 MJR

(Electricity)
MTH 201 Intermediate Calculus I 3 MTH 101 MTH 102 MJR
MTH 205 Differential Equations I 3 MJR
Total Credits
YEAR 3

I GER Elective GER
GER Elective GER
DER Elective DER
PHY 207 Analogue & Digital 3 PHY 204 PHY 206 MJR
Electronics
PHY 301 Optics 3 PHY 201 PHY 202 PHY MJR
204 PHY 205
PHY 310 Experimental Physics III 4 PHY 204 PHY 206 PHY MJR
(Electronics) 207
Total Credits
82
II MTH 202 Intermediate Calculus II 3 MJR
MTH 206 Differential Equations II 3 MJR
CPS 101 Computer Programing I 4 MJR
PHY 304 Electromagnetic Theory I 3 MJR
Minor MNR
Elective Elective
Total Credits
YEAR 4

I PHY 406 Solar Energy 3 PHY 301 MJR

PHY 305
PHY 308
PHY 306 Electromagnetic Theory II 3 PHY 304 PHY 305 MJR
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
Total Credits

II PHY 408 Experimental Physics IV 4 PHY 406 MJR

(Solar)
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
83
Minor MNR
Minor MNR
Total Credits
Abbreviations: GER: General Education Requirement; DER: Department Education Requirement; MJR Major
Requirement; MNR: Minor Requirement.
Lectures of all Physics courses are 2 hours per week or 3 semester hours (unless stated otherwise)
84
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY
Introduction
The program for a bachelor‟s of Science degree in biology is a four year program. It aims to train and produce teachers
with a solid capability to teach biology at High School. It also produces young scientist with the background, skill and
knowledge required to work in a wide range of sectors such as: Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, and Medicine. The
program is composed of the different courses that are displayed below.
Major Courses
BIO 101: Introduction to Biology l
BIO 102: Introduction to Biology ll
CHM 101: Introduction to Chemistry l
CHM 102: Introduction to Chemistry ll
BIO 201: Principles of Zoology
BIO 202: Ecology / BIO: 207 Fresh Water and Marine Biology
BIO 203: Plant Science
BIO 204: Principle of Genetics
BIO 206: Parasitology
BIO 208: Mycology
BIO 311: Invertebrate Zoology
BIO 312: Vertebrate Zoology
BIO 305: General Microbiology
BIO 307: Embryology
BIO 302: Conservation Biology
BIO 205: Animal Physiology I
BIO 308: Animal Physiology II
BIO 210: Cell Biology / BIO: 209 Biochemistry
BIO: 400: Research Project for honours
Minor Courses
BIO 101: Introduction to Biology l
BIO 102: Introduction to Biology ll
BIO 201: Principles of Zoology
BIO 202: Ecology
BIO 203: Plant Science
BIO 204: Principle of Genetics
BIO 206: Parasitology
BIO 208: Mycology
BIO 305: General Microbiology
Electives
BIO 401: Selected Topics in Biology
BIO 403: Animal Physiology III
BIO 304: Human Genetics
BIO 404: Molecular Biology
BIO 402: Advanced Microbiology
BIO 412: Comparative Anatomy
BIO 411: Plant Ecology
85
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
CODE: BIO 101
TITLE: Introduction to Biology
CREDITS: 4 Semester: 1st Annually
EXAM: Written, 3 hrs Term paper
PREVIOUS Basic mineral and organic chemistry
KNOWLEDGE:
CREDIT REDUCTION: --
Aim of The course has as aim to give thorough information on cells, the different
Course: types, their constitutive elements and the mechanisms that take place in
their functioning. The way they inter-act with themselves and with their
environment is given consideration. All the different forms of connections
between themselves which contribute in a large part to the nature and type
of tissue are covered. The chemical properties of the major molecules,
their structure and metabolism are explained in order to give a solid
biological basis to the learner. The course prepares the student for
subsequent courses in the domain of biology.
Hrs/week Weeks Total hrs Days Required
LECTURES 4 16 64 --
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
LABORATORY COURSE 6 3 18
FIELD COURSE
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Methodology in biology: Microscopy – light and electron microscope.
Atoms and their electronic arrangement: chemical bonding; properties of water, hydrogen
bonding- cohesiveness.
Acids and bases; pH variations and buffers; oxido-reduction reactions.
Carbon compounds: the functional groups; carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
The nucleic acids: Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
Cell Structure and Size:
The different types of cells, Prokaryotes / Eukaryotes: Plant and animal cell; differences and
similarities. Plasma membrane and structural properties and role in the functions of the cell
Cell Functioning:
Energy acquiring /release pathways; the role of enzymes and cellular metabolism: Cellular
respiration and fermentation; Protein synthesis.
Cell divisions: Mitosis and Meiosis; Inheritance and the genome
Reading list and course program will be available before lecture starts.
CODE: BIO 102

TITLE: Introduction to Biology
CREDITS: 4 Semester: 2nd Annually
EXAM: Written, 3 hrs Term paper
PREVIOUS Basic mineral and organic chemistry/ Bio 101 introduction to biology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of
Course:
LECTURES 4 16 64 --
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
FIELD COURSE
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT:
Classification of Living organisms; Origin and Evolution of Life; Evolutionary Thoughts;
86
Microevolution: “Gene pool” – Stability and change in allele frequencies- Mutations;
Natural Selection: Directional change in the range of variation-
Selection against or in favor of extreme Phenotypes: Special Types of Selection-Gene Flow;
Genetic Drift-Patterns: Morphological Species Concept; Biological Species Concept-
Genetic change and Speciation
Allopatric Speciation defined-the pace of Geographic Isolation- Sympatric Speciation-
Parapatric Speciation.
Macroevolution-Evidence of Morphological Divergence- Evolutionary Relationships
Among Species.
Plant Kingdom: Angiosperms and Gymnosperms; characteristics and reproduction
Great groups of Algae: characteristics, reproduction and economic interest.
The different groups of Fungi: morphological features, reproduction
Symbiosis relationship studied in Lichens
CODE: BIO 302

TITLE: Conservation Biology
CREDITS: 3 Semester: 2nd Annually
EXAM: Written, 3 hrs Term paper and seminar or presentation to be
evaluated
PREVIOUS Recommended: Ecology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of to make the learner to be able to methodically approach various
Course: environmental practical issues
to put in him /her the capacity to contribute constructively to any debate
relating to the two major crises that the whole world is confronting today:
The deterioration of the environmental conditions and the loss of
biodiversity.
To make him/her understand how political will, scientific background and
economic support are useful in environmental problem solving.
LECTURES 4 16 64 --
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK 2 4 8 4
LABORATORY COURSE
FIELD COURSE 4 2 8 2
WORKSHOP 3 2 6 2 Ext.
Presenter
OTHER
CONTENT: The charters on biodiversity, the endangered species and protected ecosystems; chemical
toxic pollution; climate change; exhaustion of natural resources; genetically modified
organisms; globalization and technology.
CODE: BIO 305

TITLE: General Microbiology
CREDITS: 4 Semester: Summer Annually
EXAM: Written and oral Term paper to be evaluated
PREVIOUS Bio. 101; Bio 102
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of to make the student discover the world of micro-organisms.
Course: To make the student be able to classify various bacteria based on
classification keys.
To make him/her be able to conduct Gram staining techniques.
To make him /her understand the great input of these beings in the
maintain on earth of lives but their power also to disrupt the intrinsic
harmony of environmental habitats or create change or disease to other
87
live forms.
LECTURES 3 15 60
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
FIELD COURSE
WORKSHOP 3 1 3 External
presenter
OTHER
CONTENT: Bacteria and viruses; General biology of bacteria; Division of bacteria into phyla and
kingdoms; Structural characteristics of bacteria and bacterial association; The gram stain
and bacterial cell walls; Gram negative and gram positive bacteria; Bacterial reproduction
and resting; Archaebacteria; aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Viruses;
Viral structure and reproduction: The bacteriophages; Viroids.
CODE: BIO 201

TITLE: Principles of Zoology
CREDITS: 4 Semester: 1st Annually
EXAM: Written Term paper evaluated
PREVIOUS Bio 101; Bio 102
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of - to allows the student to know the organizational
Course: hierarchy of the animal kingdom
to make him/her be able to succinctly classify the animal in its perfect
systematic group
The student is also able to compare the different metabolic functions in
different phyla of the kingdom
To put in him/her a clear understanding of the history of the anatomic
structures of the animal but also the links between the animal and its
habitat
To make him/her fully understand the reproduction patterns in the groups
of animals

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
LABORATORY COURSE 3 3 9 Lab
materials
FIELD COURSE 4 3 12 transport
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Animal cells and tissues; the hierarchy in the animal kingdom; classification of animals.
Invertebrates: protozoa - diploblastic animals. Triploblastic animals: acoelomate animals,
coelomate animals: the protostomes and deuterostomes. The chordates; the different
reproduction patterns; Solitary and social animals; commensalisms, phoresis, predation and
parasitism. Adaptation and migration.
Reading list and course programmed will be available when teaching starts
CODE: BIO 307

TITLE: Embryology
PREVIOUS BIO 101; BIO 102
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of -To make the student grasp the nature of animals egg, its evolution from
88
Course: production, fertilization to segmentation.
-To understand the different types of gastrulation in the different
categories of eggs.
- To be able to trace the phylogenic link between the different animal
groups based on the different embryonic settings or structures
- To know about neurulation, organogenesis and possible developmental
errors and mal formations in human being embryology
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Different categories of eggs and characteristics: alecithe egg; oligolecithe egg; heterolecithe
egg; telolecithe egg.
Various types of segmentation and gastrulation
Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus; Echinodermata) embryology
Frog; (Anoure amphibian) embryology*
Birds embryology*
The embryonic annexes: Amnion; Allantois; and the placenta
The different types of placenta
Human embryology
Reading list and course program will be available when teaching starts
CODE: BIO 402

TITLE: Advanced Microbiology
PREVIOUS BIO305; BIO 101; BIO 102
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To introduce the student to
Course: the general characteristics of viruses bacteriophages as an example
the viruses of eukaryotes
the concept of microbial taxonomy
the concept of nonspecific resistance and the immune response
the control of microbial disease
the concept of hypersensitivity
the different serological tests and tools
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: - immunological tools-serological tests-microbial diseases and control-immune response-
bacteriophage
CODE: BIO 203

TITLE: Plant Science
89
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of to make the student understand the dichotomy that exists within the plant
Course: kingdom with emphasis on the gymnosperms to and the angiosperms.
To make him/her grasp the reproductive pattern of each of the above
groups with emphasis on their specific developmental requirements.
To make him/her be able to recognize and identify the structural
arrangement of the tissues in the different groups.
To make him/her be able to differentiate monocots from dicots and also
the variations of tissue arrangement on the different parts of the plant:
root level; stem, and leaves.
LECTURES 3 15 45
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK 3 1 3 --
materials
FIELD COURSE -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: General characteristics of plants
Great dichotomy in the plant kingdom
Vascular system and tissues arrangement in plants
Non flowering plants or Gymnosperms
Flowering plants or Angiosperms
CODE: BIO 202

TITLE: Ecology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make the student be aware of the important relations between living
Course: things themselves and between them and the non living things that
surround them
To make him or her understand the factors which control distribution and
abundance of livings things in ecosystems
To inculcate in the student the concept of ecosystem service and the
factors which may alter its performance
To allow the student be able to differentiate habitat from niche and
understand the stratification pattern in ecosystems.
LECTURES 3 16 48
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE 4 3 12
WORKSHOP -- --
OTHER
CONTENT: Definition of ecology, basic problems and approaches
Overall structure of ecosystems and levels of integration
Concept of limiting factor
Food chains and Ecological pyramids
Food web
Biogeochemical cycles: nitrogen and sulfur cycles
Biomes and climate
Ecosystems efficiencies in ecology
90
CODE: BIO 206

TITLE: Parasitology
PREVIOUS BIO 101; BIO 102;
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make:
Course: the student be aware of the concept of parasitism and the difficulty to
define parasitism.
the student know the different groups of parasites and life cycles
him/her be able to correlate parasitic phase and pathology
Him/her be aware of the adaptation capabilities of parasites
him/her or her endowed with the basic immunologic concepts
him/her understand the economic burden linked to parasitism

LECTURES 3 15 48
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK 3 2 6
materials
FIELD COURSE 4 1 4
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Concept of parasite; Definition
The protozoa (Amoeba sp, Trypanosoma sp); Sporozoa (Apicomplexa); life cycle and host
range.
Metazoa parasites: Plathyhelminthes (Tenia saginatta); Nematohelminthes (Ascaris
lumbricoides);
Plants nematodes: Meloidogynes
CODE: BIO 204

TITLE: Principles of Genetics
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make the student be aware of the mechanism of inheritance
Course: To understand the laws of Mendel in the transfer of traits: Monohybridism
and dihybridism
To know about:
- Meiosis and its errors
the relationships that exist between different inheritable traits
The part of the environment on the expression of genes
Linked genes and their transfer
Sex determination.
The different genetic abnormalities as meiotic errors

LECTURES 3 16 64
LABORATORY COURSE -- -- --
FIELD COURSE -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
91
CONTENT: Concept of genotype; phenotype and alleles; Monohybridism and Mendel‟s laws. Genes
interaction; The rules of Mendel applied to multiple alleles
Di-hybridism; Predictions: probability, binomial theorem and the Chi-square test applied to
genetic crosses
Human pedigree; genetic disorder
CODE: BIO 209

TITLE: Biochemistry
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The student is able to unravel
Course: The molecules of Physiologic Significance
Overview of Metabolism
Glycolysis and the Oxidation of Pyruvate
The citric Acid Cycle: Catabolism of Acetyl-CoA
Proteins catabolism
Role and properties of enzymes/ co-enzymes as helpers
Nucleic Acid Structure and Function: DNA- RNA
pH variations and chemical behavior of molecules
Principles of Electrophoresis/Chromatography

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE -- -- 12
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Biological molecules: Proteins, lipids; carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
Amino Acids and peptide bonding; Hormones and their action
Enzymes and metabolism
CODE: BIO 401

TITLE: Selected Topics in Biology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To develop in the student a real critical thinking mass that would allow
Course: him/her a general understanding of biological-related topics or events. It
helps the learner develop a real analytic capacity and be able to express
out with clarity his ideas.
All the topics will not treat the same thing
Each and everyone topic has its own importance
They all revolve around “life” and what can make it better
Topics such as Industrialization, Fishing, Forest and/or carbon dioxide
emission and up take are all sighting to improve the quality of life
The student is given the opportunity to learn how to arrange, rank and
present his ideas in public fora.
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
92
materials
WORKSHOP 4 1 4
OTHER
CONTENT: Forest and inherent challenges face in this new century
Industries and their input in the global climate
Oceans and the world fishing flute
Biodiversity and the endangered species
Role of the international Nature oriented organisms: e.g. CITES; WWF
Illegal settlements and urban migration dilemma
CODE: BIO 208

TITLE: Mycology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The student is taught:
Course: the basic biology of fungi
the different botanical groups
the filamentous fungi and filamentous bacteria
the morphogenesis of yeast and hyphs
the reproduction patterns in fungi
the disease mechanisms of pathogenic fungi
The spectrum of mycoses:
The anti fungal agents

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE -- -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Introduction to mycology.
Basidiomycetes
Zeugomycetes
Ascomycetes
Symbiosis of fungi and other botanical groups
Basic biology of fungi-Disease mechanisms of fungi-Spectrum of mycoses-Antifungal
drugs
CODE: BIO 210

TITLE: Cell Biology
PREVIOUS BIO 101; BIO 102; BIO 209
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make the student understand the basic structure of living organism and
Course: the mechanisms that support its existence.
To make him/her understand how cells adhere to each other to form tissues
To make him/her understand the details and the important metabolic
93
pathways which take place at the cellular level
To put in him/her the basic structure of the plasma membrane and its
importance in the crossing of materials to and from the cytoplasm
To make him/her understand the structure of the Nucleus and its content
The DNA and its role in the Synthesis of proteins
To make him/her be able to differentiate animal from plant cell.
To know the process of multiplication of cells (mitosis) and production of
particular categories of cells such as sperms and ova (meiosis)
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
LABORATORY COURSE 3 3 9 Lab materials:
light
microscopes;
microscope
slides.
FIELD COURSE -- -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Introduction to the study of cell biology: The discovery of cells/Cellular properties and
organization/the foundations of cells chemistry/ Acids, bases, and buffers/ cell theory/
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes/Cellular Specialization/units of measurement/ the size of cells/
the microscope.
The structure of proteins: Amino Acids/ Protein structure/ Antibody structure and function.
Example of energy acquiring and release pathways in cells: Krebs Cycle/Fermentation
Membrane composition/structure and functions.
CODE: BIO 207

TITLE: Marine and Fresh Water Biology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The learner will be able to differentiate fresh water quality from marine.
Course: He/She is expected to know the different categories of lives proper to
each environment.
The student is also expected to possess the basic ecological information
that characterizes each of these habitats
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Chemistry of marine water
Ecology and adaptation of invertebrates in lenthic and lotic systems;
groundwater, swamps, and saline water, temporal and thermal waters; role of vertebrates in
aquatic systems;
pollution- effects of pollutants on aquatic systems and aquatic organisms;
Marine plants primary production and energy flow.
secondary production. Biology of pelagic and benthic life forms.
Special ecological habitats and Adaptation to extreme conditions in the marine
environment.
94
CODE: BIO 304
TITLE: Human Genetics
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of
Course:
Course outline to be written very soon

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT:
CODE: BIO 309

TITLE: Plant Physiology
PREVIOUS Bio 101; Bio 102; Bio 203
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The student is supposed to know at the end of the course how plants
Course: grow; what biological products intervene in their phonological
transformations.
He/She is expected to understand the effect of certain factors such as
light; substrate; acids or heat on the behavior of plants
He/She is expected to know about the importance of balance between
respiration/fermentation on the quality of fruit.
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Movements in plants
Growth hormones
Cal and Gale in plants
Auxins and other plant hormones
Photosynthesis and further transformation of products in plants
Canopy and Root System
Reproduction in Gymnosperms and in Angiosperms
Classification of Fruit categories
CODE: BIO 310

TITLE: Plant Taxonomy
95
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The course introduces students to the principles, theories and methods of
Course: taxonomy, with particular reference of course to the flowering plants. The
principles are illustrated and applied to a selection of important families
of monocots and dicots of the Gambia. It is expected that the course
would develop students interest in application of their knowledge and
skills in future research on the Gambian floral biodiversity.
Practical work is integrated with theory. Field trips and excursions would
be undertaken. Students may be required to develop a mini-herbarium
individually or in groups. Identification and naming of plants of particular
importance in both scientific and local languages would be required.
Assessments would include mini-project and/or a term paper.
Method by which existing and new plant species are identified, described
and named will be emphasized.
The course is recommended for students in biology and agriculture, and
indeed other students wishing to acquire a sound understanding and
appreciation of the traditional taxonomy as well as some modern
approaches or schools of thought
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Review of Angiosperms; Morphology and life history. Scope and definitions of taxonomy
and related terms; history of classification of angiosperms. Types of classification; units of
classification. Types/Systems of classification of plants (including their merits and
demerits); units of classification. Features used to describe angiosperm plants. Features used
to describe; Botanical collections; Learning the families of plants
Reading list and course program: see with lecturer
CODE: BIO 205

TITLE: Animal Physiology I
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make the student understand the different physiological functions and
Course: importance of:
- Movement of ions across a semi-permeable membrane
- Irritability and stimuli
The nervous system and property of nerves
The skeletal cells and muscles contraction
Nature of the Nerve impulse
- Neurotransmitters and synapse.

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
FIELD COURSE -- --
96
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: - Nerve cells; Schawn and Myelin sheath
- Ion potentials across nervous membranes
- Great theories on the nervous system
- Action potential and nervous flux
- Striated and smooth muscular tissues
- Contractility and stimuli
- Synaptic zones and Neurotransmeters
CODE: BIO 308

TITLE: Animal Physiology II
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of To make the student understand the different physiological functions and
Course: their importance
To know about:
The digestive tract and digestion
The respiratory system and respiration
The circulatory system and blood composition and circulation
The kidneys and excretory function

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
LABORATORY COURSE 4 4 16 Lab materials
(Conservative
reagent and
containers)
FIELD COURSE -- --
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Digestion and the digestive system
Respiration and respiratory system
The heart and blood circulation
Excretion/the kidneys
CODE: Bio 301

TITLE: Environmental Resource Management I
PREVIOUS Bio 101; Bio 102; Bio 202 ecology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of The student is given the necessary knowledge to be at a position to
Course: analyze objectively the consequences resulting from the interaction
between different crucial factors that play a leading role in the quality of
the environment. The possible impact of a number of currently used
products in households as well as in the nature is highlighted to awake a
more environmentally friendly approach in terms of resource
management. Respect of the carrying capacity of ecosystems being a rule
97
of thumb in sustainability, a good deal is devoted to incrust to the
student‟s ability the secret to handle sensitive issues such as forestry,
estuaries, marine ecosystems, arable lands water and wastes.

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Ecosystems: terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems characteristics and quality.
Marine and coastal areas under the influence of global climate change
Food and agriculture: Overexploitation and mal practices
Ecosystems Health and Chemical treatments; biological agents and other toxic agents in
food; Occupational hazards and accidents,
Energy: the nature of energy; current energy situation in the West African sub region; case
of the Sene-gambian; the global energy crisis; renewable energy resources.
Indoor pollution from fossil fuels, indoor pollution from biomass fuels, Trends, Strategies
and recommendations.
Water Quality and WHO recommendations.
CODE: BIO 403

TITLE: Environmental Resource Management II
PREVIOUS ENV. “301” Bio 202
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of It aims to enable the learner to understand the big stakes in the
Course: management of sensitive ensembles in the sub-region as well as in the
world. A clearer vision is given to understand core roles of different
authorities with regard to public places management as well as commonly
owned necessities. Their responsibility and the ideal ways to ensure
sustainability of quality and security in these localities are emphasized.
Different management strategies are highlighted for efficient application
in hot environmental issues. Government and civil society roles in
community management are thoroughly unraveled to incrust that
precautionary temper which characterizes all skilled managers.

LECTURES 3 12 36
LABORATORY COURSE
FIELD COURSE 4 3 12
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT: Agricultural development, Land ownership or tenure, Impact of farming on water quality,
Forestry, Additional problems for developing countries; case of the Gambia, Trends,
Strategies and recommendations.
Water: Water and production, Maintaining water quality, water quality in urban areas in
developing countries, Communicable diseases associated with water, water and sanitation,
Changing disease patterns resulting from water management, Strategies and
recommendations.
Energy use/production and Health, environmental and health effects of energy, Fossil fuels
98
and Pollution, Hydropower, Nuclear power Electricity, Accidents,
Human settlements and Urbanization:
Housing/basic services and health in developing and developed countries Health care,
Education, Garbage collection and disposal, health impact of urbanization in developing
countries, trend, strategies and recommendations.
Industry: Industrial activities and their health hazards, Occupational exposure, Health risks
to the public, Accidental releases, Toxic chemicals and hazardous waste disposal,
Identifying the health impact, additional problems in developing countries, strategies,
recommendations
Trans-boundary and International problems: Long rang transport of air pollutants, trans-
boundary movement of hazardous products and wastes, Stratospheric ozone depletion,
climate change, Ocean pollution, Biodiversity, Strategies and recommendations.
Sustainable Development, Sustainable development in developed and developing countries,
progress and implications.
Ecosystem Approach, Nature of the ecosystem approach, Distinction between
comprehensive and integrated approaches, Agro-ecosystem analysis, Examples of
ecosystem approaches.
Adaptive environmental management, Adaptive versus programmed approaches,
Experiences with adaptive management, Implications
Local knowledge Systems, Co-management, Local knowledge for resource and
environmental management, Implications
CODE: BIO 311

TITLE: Invertebrate Zoology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of
Course:

LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT:
CODE: BIO 312

TITLE: Vertebrate Zoology
KNOWLEDGE:
Aim of
Course:
99
LECTURES 3 16 64
SEMINARS,GROUP WORK
materials
WORKSHOP
OTHER
CONTENT:
Note: This proposed Biology program is what the University of the Gambia has set to offer to the students yet it is not
something that cannot be changed for improvement. Suggestions in this regard are asked at the end of each academic
year to lecturers for that conditions and supporting equipments can change.
STUDY PLAN

1st Semester
Semester Course Title Credit hours Pre-requisite CC
code
L BIO 101 Introduction to Biology l 4 None MJR
PHY 103 College Physics 4 None DER
MTH 101 Calculus 3 None DER
CHM 101 Chemistry l 4 None DER
General Requirement 3 None GER
Total 21
First Year (20 credit hours)

2nd Semester
Code
l BIO 102 Introduction to Biology ll 4 BIO 101 MJR
CHM 102 General Chemistry ll 4 CHM? MJR
MTH 105 Basic Statistics 3 None DER
Total 20
100
Second Year (21 Credit hours)
1st Semester
Code
Ll BIO 201 Principles of Zoology 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 205 Cell Biology 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 206 Parasitology 4 BIO MJE
101&102
CHM 203 Organic Chemistry 4 CHM? MJR
Total 18
Second Year (23 Credit hours)

2nd Semester
Code
lV BIO 204 Principles of Genetics 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 203 Plant Science 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 207 Animal Physiology 4 BIO MJE
101&102
BIO 202 Ecology 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 209 Introduction to Biochemistry 4 BIO101&CH MJE
M 101
Total 23
Third Year (21 Credit hours)

1st Semester
Code
V BIO 310 Plant Taxonomy 4 BIO 203 MJE
BIO 305 General Microbiology 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 308 Animal Physiology 4 BIO MJR
101&102
BIO 208 Mycology 4 BIO MJE
101&102
Total 21
101
Third Year (21 Credit hours)
2nd Semester
Code
Vl BIO 307 Embryology 4 BIO 205 MJE
BIO 302 Marine and Fresh Water Biology 4 BIO MJE
101&102
BIO 309 Plant Physiology 4 BIO 203 MJE
BIO 304 Conservation Biology 3 BIO 202 MJR
BIO 303 Plant Ecology 4 BIO 203 MJE
Total 21
Fourth Year (23 Credit hours)

1st Semester
Code
Vll BIO 401 Selected Topics in Biology 4 4th Year MJR
students
BIO 402 Advanced Microbiology 4 BIO 305 MJE
BIO 403 Animal Physiology 4 BIO 308 MJE
BIO 404 Human Genetics 4 BIO 204 MJE
BIO 406 Cell Biology ll/ 4 BIO 205 MJE
Total 23
Fourth Year (21 Credit hours)

2nd Semester
Code
Vll BIO 405 Introduction to Environmental 3 BIO 202 MJR
Science
BIO 301 Environmental Management 3 BIO 202 MJR
BIO 407 Natural Resources Management 3 BIO 202 MJE
BIO 400 Research Project 6 Honours MJE
Students
Total 21
Abbreviations: GER: General Education Requirement; DER: Divisional Education Requirement; CC: Course
Classification; MJR: Major Requirement; MJE: Major Elective;
102
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE CHEMISTRY
Introduction
The chemistry programme is intended to cover the following branches: analytical, inorganic, organic, physical
chemistry and, to a lesser extent, biochemistry. At the end of the four years, students are expected to be well-grounded
in the listed areas so that they can make an informed choice when it comes to higher studies in chemistry or chemistry
related fields. The programme does not encourage specialisation in any area of chemistry. It has a good theoretical
base. This, in addition to the available laboratory facilities equips students with a good knowledge in chemistry.
Objectives
The programme aims to, among other things, train students to be teachers of chemistry. The Gambia is in need of
teachers in physical sciences. Many graduates of the programme have been teaching chemistry and other sciences
subjects in schools: junior and senior. In addition, chemistry graduates of the University of The Gambia are able to
work in research institutes and industries. Some of the products of the programme work in the Medical Research
Council Laboratories, a British Research Institute.
History of the Programme

The chemistry programme started with only two students; one of them is working on his PhD in analytical chemistry, at
the Middle Eastern Technical University, (METU), Turkey, while the other is working on his masters thesis, also in
analytical chemistry and in the same university. Over the years, other graduates have enrolled in various masters
programmes in chemistry related areas in other universities.
Lecturers in the chemistry unit of the Physical and Natural Sciences division are involved in research and consultancy
which benefits the Gambian community. Consultancy such as the training of trainers in the use of the micro-chemistry
kit for the teaching of chemistry by teachers in secondary schools. A recent undergraduate research project has led to
the discovery of mercury in some soaps that are sold in The Gambia. This has led to a re-examination of the Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides Regulation by the National Environment Agency. The Unit recently collaborated with the
University of Illinois at Springfield in a research which involved analysis of well water in Farato and Busumbala.
Requirements for Admission into the Programme

Entry into the chemistry programme requires five credits at the senior secondary school certificate examinations,
WASSCE; University of London, GCE and any other equivalent examination recognized by the University of The
Gambia. Students with Advanced level results may be considered for advanced standing in some of the courses. The
five credits must be in the following subjects: biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and English language.
103
Overview of the Programme
Courses for Chemistry Major

CHM 141 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
CHM 171 Introduction to Physical Chemistry
CHM 101 Principles of Analytical Chemistry
CHM 151 Experimental Qualitative and Quantitative Inorganic Chemistry
CHM 161 Principles of Organic Chemistry
CHM 152 Experimental Organic Chemistry1
CHM 242 Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry
CHM 272 Intermediate Physical Chemistry
CHM 262 Organic Chemistry 1
CHM 263 Bio-organic Chemistry
CHM 211 Basic Biochemistry
CHM 251 Experimental Physical and Inorganic Chemistry
CHM 252 Experimental Organic Chemistry 2
CHM 331 Introduction to Industrial Chemistry
CHM 374 Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics
CHM 332 Industrial Attachment
CHM 403 Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry
Courses for Chemistry Minor

CHM 151 Experimental Qualitative and Quantitative Inorganic Chemistry
Elective Courses (chemistry major students may select two from the following courses; chemistry minor
students may select only one; however, students may select more than the stated number of courses)
PHY 201 Modern Physics 1
CPS 101 Computer Programming1
EDU 203 Methodology of Teaching Subjects
CHM 364 Organometallic Chemistry
CHM 402 Applied Spectroscopy
CHM 477 Quantum Chemistry
CHM 426 Undergraduate Research Project
CHM 424 Chemistry Seminar
CHM 431 Polymer Chemistry
CHM 465 Chemistry of Natural Products
CHM 425 Management of Environmental Issues in The Gambia
Courses for Non-Majors and Non-Minors

1)GER 121 General Chemistry1 (fulfils University-wide General Education
Requirement for competencies in Science; for non-science students)
2)DER 122 General Chemistry 2 (for science students who are non-majors and non-
minors in Chemistry; fulfils Divisional Education Requirement)
3)CHM 121 Principles of Chemistry 1
4)CHM 122 Principles of Chemistry 2
104
COURSE DESCRIPTION
GER 121 General Chemistry1

Pre-requisite: General Science Junior School
An introductory course emphasizing the principles and practices of chemistry for students having no prior background
in chemistry. This course is designed for non-chemistry majors in their first year. It is a general education requirement;
fulfils the science competencies of the general education requirement of the University. It is intended for students not
anticipating further study in chemistry. covers the basics of general, inorganic and organic chemistry as they relate to
health sciences and the society. Basic concepts of chemistry will be introduced, followed by studies of their
relationships to one or more selected topics (life processes, the environment, consumer products, etc.). This course
satisfies the general education requirement in physical science.
DER 122 General Chemistry2

Pre-requisite: General Science Senior School or High School Chemistry
An intermediate level course that covers a little bit of inorganic, organic and physical chemistry. This course is
designed for non-chemistry majors and minors who are science students in their first year. It is a divisional education
requirement. It is intended for students not anticipating further study in chemistry. Compared to General Chemistry1,
this course is a little bit more mathematical in nature since it is meant for science students.
CHM 121 Principles of Chemistry1

Pre-requisite: Credit in High School Chemistry/Grade 12 Chemistry
This course is designed for students who are in their first year in the medical school; premed students.
Topics to be covered are: Acids, bases and buffers. Biochemical relevance of pH. Osmosis. 1st and 2nd laws of
thermodynamics. The concept of entropy. Chemical equilibrium. Application of Thermodynamics to Biological
systems. Kinetics of chemical reactions. Rate equations, order and molecularity, temperature effects on reaction rates
and catalysis. Enzyme catalysis. Oxidation and reduction. Introduction to coordination chemistry and bio-inorganic
chemistry. Introduction to nuclear chemistry and application of the isotopes. Role of metals in living systems.
Introduction to electrochemistry.
CHM 122 Principles of Chemistry 2

This course is designed for students who are in their first year in the medical school; premed students. Emphasis will be
placed on examples related to medicine and biology. Basic concepts and terms in organic chemistry. IUPAC system of
nomenclature. Elemental analysis, molecular formula and determination of structures. Isomerism. Homologous series
and functional groups.
Aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene. Properties and uses of:- alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acids and some derivatives. Amines. Stereochemistry.

Pre-requisite: Credit in High School/Grade 12 Chemistry
This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. Topics covered include atomic
structure, electronic structure of elements, chemical bonding, valence bond theory, hybridization and nuclear chemistry.

This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. It introduces students to the
basics of analytical chemistry. Topics covered include: steps in and applications of quantitative chemical analysis.
Expressions of concentrations. Data treatment, potential sources of error in chemical analyses. Sampling, sample size
and sample collection. Titrimetric analysis: acid/base, redox, complexometric and precipitation. Gravimetric analysis.
Analyses of water, food and feeding-stuff, soil and minerals.

Co-requisite: MUST be offered together with CHM 152
basics of organic chemistry. Topics covered include, chemical bonds in organic molecules, Lewis stuctures, formal
charges, hybridisation, IUPAC system of nomenclature of small compounds. Classes of hydrocarbon compounds;
alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Isomerism: constitutional and geometric. Conformational analysis of aliphatic systems
including cyclohexaan. Functional groups, structure, bonding and acid base properties of alcohols, amines, carboxylic
105
acids, esters amides, aldehydes, ethers, halo alkanes, nitro and thio compounds. Resonance and stability, aromaticity.
UV absorbance of (conjugated) alkenes. Nucleophilic substitution reactions SN 1, SN2. Elimination reactions E1, E2.
Halogenation of alkenes.

basics of physical chemistry. Topics covered include, gases, solutions. Colligative properties. Chemical equilibrium.
Equilibrium constants. Electrochemistry; reduction potentials. Electrolysis. Voltaic cells. Free energy and cell
voltages. Nernst equation. Batteries. Thermochemistry. Hess's law.
CHM 151 Qualitative and Quantitative Experimental Chemistry

This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. Laboratory exercises include
different types of titration: acidimetry, alkalimetry, (including back titration), redox and precipitation. Qualitative
inorganic analysis of simple salts; analysis of cations and anions.

This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. Laboratory exercises include
qualitative organic analysis. Preliminary tests, solubility test, identification of functional groups inter alia.
CHM 211 Basic Biochemistry

Pre-requisite: CHM 161
This course is designed for students who are intending to major in chemistry. It introduces students to biochemistry.

Co-requisite: MUST be offered together with CHM 272 & CHM 251
This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. It builds on the knowledge of
introduction to inorganic chemistry. Topics covered include a tomic spectra of hydrogen and the Bohr theory.
Chemistry of the main group elements. Chemistry of the transition metals. Crystal field theory. Nomenclature of
complexes. Molecular orbital theory. Structures and properties of solids. Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric
compounds and defects.

principles of organic chemistry. Topics covered include, preparation of Grignard and organolithium reagents. Reactions
with aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition by various nucleophiles: CN -, Grignard and alkyl lithium reagents;
reduction of aldehydes and ketones by NaBH4 and LiAlH4, hydrate formation, (hemi)acetal formation, imine formation
and reductive amination and the Wittig reaction. Conjugate addition to   unsaturated aldehydes, ketons, esters and
amides. Synthesis of amides and esters from acid chlorides, anhydrides. Ester and amide hydrolysis. Enolate
formation and the aldol reaction and the Claisen condensation. In all cases there is not only a focus on the reaction
outcome, but also the mechanism is described in detail. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Diels Alder reaction.

This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. Topics covered include:
carbohydrates. Stereochemistry. Fats and oils. Soaps and detergents. Polymers. Amino acids and vitamins.

introduction to physical chemistry. Topics covered include: acid-base equilibria, buffers. Partition coefficient, solvent
106
extraction. Electrochemistry. Molar conductivity. Ionic mobilities. Ionic strength. Chemical spectroscopy,
vibrational, rotational and Raman spectroscopy. Statistical thermodynamics. Partition functions. Debye-Hückel
limiting law. Ionic strength.

Pre-requisite: CHM 171, CHM 150
This course is designed for students who are intending to major or minor in chemistry. Emphasis will be placed on the
writing of laboratory report, identification of sources of errors when performing experiments etc. Laboratory exercises
will include the following: errors and treatment of data, preparation of some inorganic compounds and complexes;
calculation of yield, gravimetric analysis, kinetics, determination of partition constant and association number.
Preparation of buffer solutions and their use in the determination of pH.
CHM 252 Experimental Organic Chemistry 2

This course is designed for students who are intending to major in chemistry. Laboratory exercises include: separation,
purification and identification of organic compounds by solvent extraction, distillation, crystallization followed by
determination of physical constants. Simple organic synthesis and qualitative analysis by chemical methods.
CHM 331 Introduction to Industrial Chemistry

This course is meant for students who intend to major in chemistry. It introduces some aspects of industrial chemistry.
Topics covered include: chemical processes and equipment. Processing of waste water/sewage. Ore production of
selected iron, aluminium, steel. Basic organic synthesis. Alcohols; fermentation; beverages/spirits. Acids; vinegar.
Production of: soap, detergents, plastics, polythene. Chemistry and the environment. Primary and secondary
petrochemical industrial processes and uses. Industrial gases – purification and uses. Field trips to selected Industries.

This course is designed for students who are intending to major in chemistry. It builds on the knowledge of principles
of organic chemistry 1. The goal is to understand and apply an important series of synthetic transformations. In this
course the arsenal of useful synthetic reactions will be extended to produce a well-stocked toolbox that can be applied in
many areas of chemistry in which synthesis plays a role. The reactions will be applied and illustrated with the use of
published syntheses. They will be placed within a modern context. The reaction mechanisms will be discussed. The
course will feature the following chemical reactions and methods: The chemistry of Grignard and alkyl lithium
compounds and their cuprate derivatives. Conjugate addition, olefination (Julia, Peterson, Wittig,
Horner/Wadsworth/Emmons), rearrangements (Bayer-Villiger, Beckman, Wolf, Curtius), metathesis. Applications of the
organic chemistry of S, B, Si en Sn. Transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions (Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Sonogashira,
Trost/Tsuji, Buchwald/Hartwig). Cylization reactions (e.g. Baldwin‟s rules). Synthesis and properties (pKa, reactivity)
of simple heterocylic compounds, including CuAAC („click chemistry‟). Stereochemistry, introduction to asymmetric
synthesis.
CHM 322 Organometallic Chemistry

This course is an elective for students who intend to major or minor in chemistry. It introduces students to
organometallic chemistry. Topics covered include:
Grignard reagents; preparation, structure, reactions, synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, abnormal behaviour of
Grignard reagents. Alkyl metallic compounds; nomenclature, preparation, alkali group, copper group, organic-zinc
compounds, organo-cadmium compounds, organo-mercury compounds,organo-lead compounds. Preparation and
reactions of alkyl free radicals. Transition metals; cross couplings, metathesis, hydrogenation.
CHM 332 Industrial Attachment

rd
Pre-requisite: All 3 Year courses
This course is meant for students who intend to major in chemistry. Students are expected to be in an industry for six
weeks. During this time they are expected to work under a supervisor in the respective industry. They will be
monitored by a lecturer. Students are to submit a report at the end of the exercise.
107
CHM 373 Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Pre-requisite: CHM 272, MTH 101, MTH 102
This course is meant for students who intend to major in chemistry. It advances the physical chemistry which was
taught in physical chemistry 2. Topics covered include: chemical kinetics, integrated rate equations, composite
mechanisms, theories of reaction, collision theory, transition state theory. Chemical thermodynamics, laws of
thermodynamics.
*It is important that students must have offered calculus2 before offering this course because some aspects involve the
application of calculus.
CHM 413 Applied Spectroscopy

Pre-requisite: CHM 242, CHM 262, CHM 272
This course is an elective for students who intend to major or minor in chemistry. course applies some of knowledge of
chemistry taught in the second year courses. Topics covered include: UV spectroscopy, Lambert/Beer law, electronic
transitions of various functional groups, HOMO-LUMO transitions (conjugated) alkenes, prediction rules for absorption
wavelengths, applications of UV spectroscopy, optical rotation of chiral compounds, IR spectroscopy, NMR
spectroscopy foundation, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, Karplus equation, interpretation of 1H and 13C NMR
spectra, Mass spectrometry, principles of EI, ESI, MALDI.
CHM 414 Quantum Chemistry

This course is an elective for students who intend to major or minor in chemistry. It is an introduction to quantum
mechanics; classical mechanics, Schrodinger equation; application to the hydrogen atom and multi-electron systems.
Simple harmonic oscillator principle, symmetry operations, definition of a group, molecular point groups, translational
motion, particle in a box.
CHM 426 Research Project

Pre-requisite: All chemistry courses meant for a major in chemistry
This course is meant for students who have chosen chemistry as a major. It involves the experimental investigation of a
chemical research problem. This should start during the first semester and end in the second semester. The student will
work under the supervision of a lecturer.
CHM 403 Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry

This course is meant for students who have chosen chemistry as a major. It advances the knowledge gained so far in
analytical chemistry. Topics covered include: separation methods: ion exchange, gas, paper, liquid and column liquid
chromatography, HPLC and electrophoresis. Atomic and molecular emission and absorption techniques.
Spectrofluoroescence and phosphorescence. Electroanalytical techniques. Analysis of materials: methodology and
examples selected from industrial raw materials, air, foods, medicine, water, soil, living organisms, etc. hyphenated
techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, atomic absorption spectrometry.
CHM 425 Management of Environmental Issues in The Gambia

Pre-requisite: General Science Junior Secondary School
This is an elective course. In addition to chemistry majors and minors, it can also be offered by students who are not
intending to major or minor in chemistry. It is a seminar course which focuses on an examination and discussion of all
the laws and policies of The Gambia Government as it relates to the environment. It involves class discussions and field
trips to stakeholders of the environment in The Gambia. Topics covered include: Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides
Act, environmental laws in The Gambia, National Environment Management Act. The National Environmental Agency,
environmental law enforcement. Water quality. Waste management in The Gambia. Field trips to the NEA, Bansang
water works, Kanifing Municipal Council and selected Industries. The course is usually involves students from St
Mary‟s College of Maryland, as part of the PEACE Program.
CHM 465 Chemistry of Natural Products

This is an elective course. This course is designed for students who are intending to major in chemistry. Topics covered
include:
A. Steroids
Introduction, Diels hydrocarbon, sterols, cholesterols, structure of the ring system, ocurrence, characteristics and
reactions, spectral properties of steroids, conformational analysis of steroids
B. Terpenes
Introduction, isolation, methods of determining structure. Monoterpenes (acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic).
108
Carotenoids: introduction, alpha and beta carotenes, geometric isomerism, reactions of eitral. Important derivatives.
Vitamin A.
C. Alkaloids
Definitions, extraction, general properties, methods of determining structure, classification:
1. Phenyl ethyl amine group with appropriate examples such as ephedrine, benzedrine, adrenaline
2. Pyrollidine group such as hygrine and piperine
3. Pyrollidine-pyridine group such as tobacco alkaloids, atropine, cocaine
4. Quinoline group such quinine
5. Isoquinoline group such as opium alkaloids
6. Phenanthrene group such as morphine and codeine. Biosynthesis of C 1 to C6.
CHM 431 Polymer Chemistry

Pre-requisite: All chemistry courses meant for a major
This course is an elective for students who intend to major or minor in chemistry. introduces students to polymer
science as it relates to chemistry with emphasis on application of polymers.
CHM 426 Chemistry Seminar

Pre-requisite: All chemistry courses meant for a major in chemistry
This course is an elective for students who intend to major or minor in chemistry. The purpose of the seminar is to link
the study of chemistry to societal applications and needs. Students will be required to present papers in the general
areas of chemistry and society with titles selected from wide-spread areas, for example, Agriculture, Industries, Health
and Medicine, the Judiciary, psychological effects of alkaloids, the Military etc. Students must make use of Journal
articles. No final examinations. Assessment will be based on quality of presentation.
109
Year 1
Course Course Title Lec Lab C.H Nature of Course Prerequisite Course
code Hrs Hrs Course(s) Classification
GER General Chemistry1 3 0 3 fulfils University-wide General Science General

121 General Education Junior School Education
Requirement for Requirement
competencies in
Science; for non-
science students
DER General Chemistry 2 3 0 3 for science students General Science Divisional
122 who are non-majors Senior School or Education
and non-minors in High School Requirement
chemistry; fulfils Chemistry
Divisional Education
Requirement
CHM Introduction to 3 0 3 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
171 Physical Chemistry chemistry High
(must be offered Major & Minor School/Grade 12
along with CHM chemistry
151)
CHM Experimental 0 3 3 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
151 Qualitative and chemistry High
Quantitative Major & Minor School/Grade 12
Inorganic chemistry
Chemistry(must be
offered along with
CHM 171)
CHM Principles of 3 0 0 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
101 Analytical Chemistry chemistry High
Major & Minor School/Grade 12
chemistry
CHM Principles of 3 0 3 Only for Premed Credit in Core course for
121 Chemistry 1 Students High medicine
School/Grade 12
chemistry
CHM Principles of Organic 3 0 3 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
161 Chemistry must be chemistry High
offered along with Major & Minor School/Grade 12
CHM 152) chemistry
CHM Experimental Organic 0 3 3 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
152 Chemistry1 (must be chemistry High
offered along with Major & Minor School/Grade 12
CHM 161) chemistry
CHM Principles of 3 0 3 Only for Premed Credit in Core course for
122 Chemistry 2 Students High medicine
School/Grade 12
chemistry
CHM Introduction to 3 0 3 Compulsory for Credit in Core course
141 Inorganic Chemistry chemistry High
Major & Minor School/Grade 12
chemistry
110
Year 2
Course Course Title Lec. Lab. C.H Nature of Prerequisite Course
code Hrs Hrs Course Course(s) Classification
CHM Intermediate Inorganic 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 141 Core course

242 Chemistry (must be offered for chemistry
along with CHM 251 & 272) Major &
Minor
CHM Intermediate Physical 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 171 Core course
272 Chemistry (must be offered for chemistry MTH 101
along with CHM 242 & 251) Major &
Minor
CHM Experimental Physical and 0 3 3 Compulsory CHM 141 Core course
251 Inorganic Chemistry (must be for chemistry CHM 171
offered along with CHM 242 Major & CHM 151
& 272) Minor
CHM Organic Chemistry 1 (must be 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 161 Core course
262 offered along with CHM for chemistry
252) Major &
Minor
CHM Experimental Organic 0 3 3 Compulsory CHM 161 Core course
252 Chemistry 2 for chemistry CHM 152
(must be offered along with Major
CHM 262)
CHM Bio-organic Chemistry 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 171 Core course
263 for chemistry CHM 262
Major &
Minor
CHM Basic Biochemistry 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 161 Core course
211 for chemistry
Major
Year 3
Course Course Title Lect. Lab C.H Nature of Course Prerequisite Course
code Hrs Hrs. Course(s) Classification
CHM Organic Chemistry 2 3 3 4 Compulsory for CHM 262 Core course for
363 chemistry Major major
CHM Introduction to 3 0 3 Compulsory for CHM 262 Core course for

331 Industrial Chemistry chemistry CHM 272 major
Major CHM 242
CHM Chemical Kinetics and 3 3 4 Compulsory for CHM 272 Core course for
374 Thermodynamics chemistry Major MTH 102 major
CHM Organometallic 3 0 3 Elective CHM 242 Elective

364 Chemistry CHM 262
CHM Industrial Attachment 0 6 3 Compulsory for All 3rd Year Core course for
332 chemistry Major chemistry courses major
111
Year 4
Course Course Title Lect. Lab. C.H Nature of Prerequisite Course
code Hrs. Hrs Course Course(s) Classification
CHM 477 Quantum Chemistry 3 0 3 Elective CHM 373 Elective

MTH 101
MTH 102
CHM 402 Applied Spectroscopy 3 0 3 Elective CHM 242 Elective
CHM 262
CHM 272
CHM 426 Undergraduate 0 6 6 for Honors All chemistry courses Elective
Research Project meant for a major in
chemistry
CHM 424 Chemistry Seminar 3 0 3 Elective All chemistry courses Elective
meant for a major in
chemistry
CHM 403 Instrumentation and 3 0 3 Compulsory CHM 101 Core Course
Analytical Chemistry for for Major
chemistry
Major
CHM 431 Polymer Chemistry 3 0 3 Elective All chemistry courses Elective
meant for a major
CHM 465 Chemistry of Natural 3 0 3 Elective CHM 262 Elective
Products CHM 363
CHM 425 Management of 3 Class 3 Elective Basic Junior High Elective
Environmental Issues Field School Science
in The Gambia Trips
Coding System
st st nd rd th
1 digit represents the Year; (1 is for 1 year course, 2 is for 2 year course, 3 is for 3 year course and 4 is for 4 year
course).
2nd digit represents the Area in chemistry; Areas: 0 is for analytical chemistry, 1 is for biochemistry, 2 is for general
chemistry, 3 is for industrial chemistry, 4 is for inorganic chemistry, 5 is for a laboratory course, 6 is for organic chemistry, 7
is for physical chemistry, 8 is for Research Project, (student research project).
3rd digit represent the level of complexity in the respective area of chemistry; 1 is for introductory level, 2 is for the next
level and 3 is for the next level and so on.
112

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TABLE OF CONTENT

 General Education Requirements (GER)……………………………………………… p. 3

 Division Education Requirements (DER)

- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences……………………………………… p. 4

- Division of Physical and Natural Sciences……………………………………… p. 5

 Programs under the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences (PART A)

 B.A in Islamic Studies………………………………………………………… p. 25

 B.A in Development Studies..………………………………………………… p. 32

 B.A in Political Science……………………………………………………… p. 39

o Diploma in Social Work…………………………………………… p. 56

 B.A. in Christian Studies……………………………………………..… p. 58

 Programmes under the Division of Physical and Natural Sciences (PART B)

 B.Sc. in Chemistry…………………………………………………………… p. 103

Welcome to UTG, your citadel of knowledge!

Dr. Pierre Gomez

1. SOC 101 : Introduction to Sociology

Plus any TWO of the following :

 DEV 204 : Sub-Saharan Africa Development

Note: A course cannot be double counted as a DER and a GER

1. DER 302 Research methods in the Physical and Natural Sciences

Plus any ONE of the following:

o MTH 102 Introduction to Calculus 2

SCI 101: General Science 1

DER 301: Research Methods in the Social Sciences

DER 302: Research Methods in the Physical and Natural Sciences

a. Use of English (GEL 101, 102)

Divisional Requirement Course

ELI 201: Introduction to Gambian Literature

i) ELA 101: Phonetics and Phonology

i) ELI 401: Chaucer and some Greek Plays

ELA101: Phonetics and Phonology

GEL 101 and 102 - Use of English

GEL 101: Use of English

GEL 102: Use of English

ELA 102: History of the English Language

a) The Middle English Period, a period of Great changes.

ELA 301: Advanced Composition (Prerequisite GEL 101 and 102)

ELA 401: Syntax

1. Word clauses, nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, propositions.

ELI 102: African Prose

ELI 103: African Drama

ELI 104: Drama Creative Writing and Acting

ELI 201: Introduction to Gambian Literature

ELI 202: Introduction to Oral and Written African Literature

ELI 301: Non African Drama

ELI 302: Study of Poetry

ELI 303: Non-African Drama

ELI 401: Chaucer and Some Greek Plays

ELI 402: Comparative Literature

ELI 404: Literary Theory and Criticism

ELI 405: Advanced Gambian Literature

Freshmen Year (32 Credit Hours)

Sophomore Year (30 Credit Hours)

Senior Year (30 Credit Hours)

Aims and Objectives

Unit Staff and Materials

Prerequisites for a Major or a Minor

GENERAL / DIVISIONAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS

1. FLA 201: French Reading And Writing Skills I

1. FLA 103: French Communication Skills (Oral and Written)

FLA 203: Translation I (French – English)

FCU 201: French Civilisation

FCU 202: The Francophone World (taught in English)