Department of CSE(N), U18IN306 COMPUTER NETWORKS

KITSW
3CSO1 AY:2023-24
LECTURE SUMMARY
CDT-33 Internetworking: how networks differ
Topics Covered
In real world scenario, networks under same administration are generally scattered
Motivation
geographically. There may existing requirement of connecting two different networks of
(Why you same kind as well as of different kinds. Routing between two networks is called
(students) should internetworking.
learn these topics
by him/her self? )

Lecture Learning Outcomes (LLOs): After completion of this lecture, you should be able to…
LLO1 Perform an integration of more than two networks into single network called internetworking using
On topic 1
different kind of networking devices

CDT-33 – Lecture Summary – Key Takeaways

Internetworking
Until now, we have implicitly assumed that there is a single homogeneous network,
with each machine using the same protocol in each layer. Unfortunately, this assumption is
wildly optimistic. Many different networks exist, including PANs, LANs, MANs, and
WANs. We have described Ethernet, Internet over cable, the fixed and mobile telephone
networks, 802.11, 802.16, and more. Numerous protocols are in widespread use across
these networks in every layer.
How networks differ
Networks can differ in many ways. Some of the differences, such as different
modulation techniques or frame formats, are internal to the physical and data link layers.
These differences will not concern us here. Instead, in Fig. 5-38 we list some of the
differences that can be exposed to the network layer. It is papering over these differences
that makes internetworking more difficult than operating within a single network.
When packets sent by a source on one network must transit one or more foreign
networks before reaching the destination network, many problems can occur at the
interfaces between networks. To start with, the source needs to be able to address the
destination. What do we do if the source is on an Ethernet network and the destination is
on a WiMAX network? Assuming we can even specify a WiMAX destination from an
Ethernet network, packets would cross from a connectionless network to a connection-
oriented one. This may require that a new connection be set up on short notice, which
injects a delay, and much overhead if the connection is not used for many more packets
Many specific differences may have to be accommodated as well. How do we
multicast a packet to a group with some members on a network that does not support
multicast? The differing max packet sizes used by different networks can be a major
nuisance, too. How do you pass an 8000-byte packet through a network whose maximum
size is 1500 bytes? If packets on a connection-oriented network transit a connectionless
network, they may arrive in a different order than they were sent. That is something the
sender likely did not expect, and it might come as an (unpleasant) surprise to the receiver
as well.

U18IN306 CN III Sem CSO OBLS Dr.V.Shankar, Dept of CSE(N) Page 1

 Department of CSE(N), U18IN306 COMPUTER NETWORKS
KITSW
3CSO1 AY:2023-24
LECTURE SUMMARY

CDT-33 - LECTURE LEVEL PRACTICE PROBLEMS (LLPs) to test the LLOs

To test whether you achieved the learning outcomes of this lecture, you should be able to solve the
following LLPs, in the class itself, after completion of the lecture. Minimum one question / problem (LLP) is
designed to test each expected LLO.

1. LLP1 (on LLO1):

a) How networks can be connected in internetworking?
b) What is the difference between networking and internetworking?
c) What are the main issues of internetworking?
d) What are the components of a protocol?

Additional LLPs: Practice problems for homework

2. LLP1.1 (on LLO1):
Make useful comparison between Hub, Switch, Router and Gateway

U18IN306 CN III Sem CSO OBLS Dr.V.Shankar, Dept of CSE(N) Page 2