Physics Topic 1 Energy – Level 2 Revision Questions

Q1. The diagram shows a tennis ball thrown vertically into the air.

At position C, the ball has just left the tennis player's hand at a speed of 5.0 m/s

The tennis ball has a mass of 0.058 kg

(a) Write down the equation that links kinetic energy, mass and speed.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the tennis ball at position C.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Kinetic energy = ____________________ J

(2)
 (c) At position A the tennis ball is at maximum height.

What is the gravitational potential energy of the tennis ball at position A?

Ignore the effect of air resistance.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

At position B the tennis ball has 0.38 J of gravitational potential energy.

(d) Write down the equation that links gravitational field strength, gravitational potential
energy, height and mass.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Calculate the height of the tennis ball above the tennis player's hand when at
position B.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Height = ____________________ m
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

Q2.
The National Grid ensures that the supply of electricity always meets the demand of the
consumers.

The figure below shows how the output from fossil fuel power stations in the UK varied
over a 24-hour period.
(a) Suggest one reason for the shape of the graph between 15.00 and 18.00 on
Monday.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Gas fired power stations reduce their output when demand for electricity is low.

Suggest one time on the figure above when the demand for electricity was low.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) The National Grid ensures that fossil fuel power stations in the UK only produce
about 33% of the total electricity they could produce when operating at a maximum
output.

Suggest two reasons why.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q3. A new design for a kettle is made from two layers of plastic separated by a vacuum.
After the water in the kettle has boiled, the water stays hot for at least 2 hours.

The new kettle is shown below.

(a) The energy transferred from the water in the kettle to the surroundings in 2 hours is
46 200 J.

The mass of water in the kettle is 0.50 kg.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C.

The initial temperature of the water is 100 °C.

Calculate the temperature of the water in the kettle after 2 hours.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Temperature after 2 hours = ___________ °C

(3)

(b) Calculate the average power output from the water in the kettle to the surroundings
in 2 hours.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Average power output = ______________ W

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × speed2
allow Ek = 1/2 mv2
1

(b) Ek = 0.5 × 0.058 × 52

1

Ek = 0.725 (J)
an answer of 0.725 (J) scores 2 marks
1

(c) 0.725 (J)

allow ecf from (b)
allow the same amount of Ek as at A
1

(d) gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field

strength × height
allow Ep = mgh
1

(e) 0.38 = 0.058 × 9.8 × h

1

h = 0.67 (m)
an answer that rounds to 0.67 scores 3 marks
1
[8]

Q2.
(a) power output increases (to meet demand) due to people returning home from work /
school
accept many electrical appliances are switched on (which
increases demand)
1
accept other sensible suggestions

(b) 00.00
accept midnight
1
allow answers between 00.00 and 04.00

(c) any two from:

• conserves fuel reserves

• spare capacity to compensate for unreliable renewable resources
 • provides spare capacity in case of power station emergency shut-down
• so as to not make unnecessary environmental impact
2
[4]

Q3.
(a) 78 (°C)
allow 2 marks for correct temperature change ie 22 °C
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 46 200 = 0.5 × 4200 x θ
or

(b) 6.4 (W)

allow 2 marks for an answer that rounds to 6.4
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 46 200 = P × 7200
an answer of 23 000 or 23 100 or 385 gains 1 mark
2
[5]