five different the 5 different gmos
BIOTECH CORN:
GMOs that is widely
being used here in
the Philippines
WHAT IS GMOS?
GMOs are organisms whose genomes have been changed
in the lab to encourage the expression of desired
physiological features or the production of desired
biological products. Breeding particular members of a
species in order to generate offspring with desirable
features have long been a common method in conventional
livestock production, crop farming, and even pet breeding.
Recombinant genetic technologies, on the other hand, are
used in genetic modification to create organisms whose
genomes have been precisely altered at the molecular
level. Typically, this is done by introducing genes from
unrelated species of organisms that code for traits that are
difficult to acquire through traditional selective breeding.
Through the use of genetic engineering, GMOs have
permeated many aspects of society and are now used in
agriculture, health, research, and environmental
management. The creation of GMOs continues to be a hotly
debated issue in many parts of the world even though
GMOs have benefited human society in many ways and also
have certain disadvantages.
2.
in the philippines
1. GOLDEN RICE:
Origin- The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and
the Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rice Research
Institute (DA-PhilRice) collaborated to develop Golden Rice,
which has higher levels of beta-carotene than regular rice
and is converted by the body into vitamin A.
Description- Genetic modified and biofortified rice is called
"Golden Rice." Crops that have been biofortified are more
nutrient-dense. Beta-carotene, which the body uses to
generate vitamin A but is not naturally present in rice, is
produced by genetically modifying rice to produce "Golden
Rice." Vision, growth, cell division, reproduction, and
immunity all depend on the nutrient vitamin A. Skin, immune
systems, and vision all benefit from vitamin A intake.
Use In Our Community- A rice variety known as "Golden Rice"
was created through genetic engineering to biosynthesize
beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, in the rice's edible
sections. It aims to generate fortified food that can be
produced and eaten in regions where dietary vitamin A is
scarce. The goal of the Golden Rice program is also to
counteract vitamin A deficiency by raising blood levels of
circulating vitamin A after consumption. This will strengthen
immunity to common illnesses and significantly lower the
incidence of childhood blindness, which is primarily caused
by vitamin A deficiency.
Origin- Since the 1996 US development of biotech corn, also
known as Bt corn MON810, "efforts to transfer it to the
Philippines began in earnest," Romero said. The production
and sale of Bt corn were authorized in the Philippines in 2022
following three phases of review. Since Bt maize MON810 was
created to combat certain pests that attack the crop, in this
case, the Asiatic corn borer, it has a higher level of pest
resistance than traditional corn, which means it doesn't need
to be treated with pesticides.
Description- The first generation of genetically modified
(GM) corn grown in the Philippines is Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) corn. It was introduced by international seed farmers in
2002 when the Department of Agriculture released its laws
on the commercial multiplication and importation of
genetically modified plants and plant products. Bt Corn, or
corn with a genetic modification that expresses one or more
proteins from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
Invasive insects including corn rootworm, corn earworm,
western bean cutworm, and others are managed by the use
of Bt corn.
Use In Our Community- The results demonstrated that Bt
corn producers had much higher yields and earnings than
non-Bt corn farmers. Furthermore, growers of Bt corn spent
substantially less money on insecticide. The use of Bt corn
variety among corn producers was shown to have a
considerable welfare impact by study results in all study
locations. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that
cultivating GMO corn lowers risky mycotoxin levels in grains.
Simply stated, growing GMO corn can raise farmers' incomes
while lowering the health risks for people who eat corn or
other forms of maize. The last benefit of growing GMO crops
is that farmers can spray fewer pesticides. The amount of
pesticides used on crops is decreased, saving farmers
money.
3. BT COTTON:
Origin- The Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority
is working to develop bt cotton (PhilFIDA). The technology
was initially tested in confined field trials in 2010 and multi-
location field trials in 2012 and 2013, both of which took place
in India and were sponsored by Nath Biogene Ltd. and Global
Transgene Ltd. Additionally, Bt cotton is an insect-resistant
transgenic crop created to fight cotton bollworm. This crop
offers greater environmental benefits because it just needs
a small amount of pesticide to be applied to it. Bt cotton
aims to address pest problems while boosting yields and
providing farmers with increased earnings.
Description- Compared to conventional Bt sprays, Cry-
insecticides are much more effectively delivered to target
insects via Bt cotton. Given that the Cry-protein
characteristic, like conventional plant resistance to insects,
is encoded in the genes of the plant, Bt cotton may also be
regarded as a form of host plant resistance. Additionally, Bt
cotton has produced enduring resistance to the important
Lepidopteran pest American bollworm, however it is
impossible to separate this effect from the impact of the
new, highly efficient pesticides that were introduced soon
before Bt seed.
Use In Our Community- To make the plant resistant to the
cotton bollworm complex, Bt cotton contains genes from
Bacillus thuringiensis. By reducing the need for chemical
pest control, this natural insect resistance can increase
farmer fields' yields while reducing the need for pesticides.
Enhancing soil health, decreasing compaction, and
controlling erosion are further goals, such as safeguarding
environmental functions and biodiversity, enhancing
irrigation methods' effectiveness to improve water quality
and conservation,and cutting back on the use of dangerous
pesticides.
4. BT EGGPLANT:
Origin- In 2005, two agricultural universities—the University
of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (UAS), and Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University (TNAU), located in Coimbatore—and
India's top seed firm, Maharashtra Hybrid Company, or
Mahyco, struck the first deal to create Bt Brinjal. Bt eggplant,
also known as talong, brinjal, or aubergine, is a genetically
modified (GE; sometimes known as genetically altered; GM)
variety that has been developed to be resistant to damage
brought on by the eggplant fruit and shoot borer. It was
additionally created by specialists from the University of the
Philippines Los Baos Institute of Plant Breeding, making it the
first biotech product made in the Philippines.
Description- Bt eggplant, also known as talong, brinjal, or
aubergine, is a genetically modified (GE; sometimes known
as genetically altered; GM) variety that has been developed
to be resistant to damage brought on by the eggplant fruit
and shoot borer. The DNA of the eggplant has been altered
by the insertion of a genetic cassette carrying genes from
the bacterium Bacillus thuringenesis, causing it to produce
the toxic protein Cry1Ac. Major worries exist, though, about
how this toxin may affect the environment, the health of
people and animals, and both. From any field tests of this GM
eggplant, contamination will inevitably happen.
Use In Our Community- Bs Eggplant is a nutrient-rich food
with a high fiber content that is low in calories and has a
number of possible health advantages. Eggplants are an easy
and delicious addition to any healthy diet, helping to lower
the risk of heart disease, control blood sugar, and aid in
weight loss. The Philippine Department of Agriculture's
Bureau of Plant Industry has authorized the use of
genetically modified eggplant, or Bt eggplant, as food or a
component of animal feed (DA-BPI). The most harmful insect
to eggplant is the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, although
the bt eggplant event EE-1 is resistant to it. In comparison to
other types, GE eggplant fetches greater pricing from
farmers. The method also lowered the need for pesticides,
perhaps reducing the harm that agriculture causes to the
environment and improving public health.
5. BT TOMATO:
Origin- The FlavrSavr gene, which allows tomatoes to ripen
without softening, was first used to create a commercially
viable genetically modified whole food crop for the tomato
(Martineau 2001). The product was not viable, however,
because of a conventionally cultivated variety with a longer
shelf life. Products that have been genetically altered are not
new. A genetically modified drug is insulin, which is used in
medicine. It was possible to clone and express human insulin
genes in E. coli in 1978. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and E. coli are being used to manufacture insulin for diabetic
people (Baeshen et al. 2014).
Description- Bt Tomatoes are varieties of tomatoes that
have been genetically modified to produce an insecticidal
protein similar to that produced naturally by the bacterial
species Bacillus thuringiensis. A tomato that has had its
genes altered by genetic engineering is known as a
transgenic tomato or a genetically modified tomato. The
Flavr Savr tomato, which was created to have a longer shelf
life, served as the first experimental genetically altered food
and was available for a brief period of time starting on May
21, 1994. Other initiatives seek to improve tomatoes by
adding elements that might improve their nutritional value or
overall health. In addition to creating innovative crops,
researchers also create genetically altered tomatoes to
better understand the role of genes found naturally in
tomatoes.
Use In Our Community- The tomato is a supplementary food
for protection. Because it is a crop with a short growing
season and a high yield, it is significant economically, and as
a result, the area under its cultivation is expanding daily.
Ketchup, sauce, chutney, soup, paste, puree, and other
preserved foods all contain tomatoes. Additionally, one of
the products that helps farmers earn money is the tomato.
Due to its many uses, which include those for food and skin
care, among others, the crop is thought to have a significant
market potential both locally and internationally. Last but not
least, by allowing the tomatoes to fully ripen on the stems, an
early harvest may not be required. The consequence is an
increase in farm productivity. They help to reduce soil
pollution because there is a decrease in the use of synthetic
pesticides. The protection of beneficial insects is made
possible by bt crops. It is easily able to feed an expanding
population because of increased yields in a short period of
time.