Directorate: Curriculum FET

BUSINESS STUDIES
REVISION BOOKLET

2020 TERM 3

Grade 12

This revision program is designed to assist you in revising the critical content
and skills covered during the 3rd term. The purpose is to prepare you to
understand the key concepts and to provide you with an opportunity to
establish the required standard and the application of the knowledge
necessary to succeed in the NCS examination.

The revision program covers the following topics:

• Human Rights, Inclusivity & Environmental Issues
• Social Responsibility, CSR & CSI
• Presentation of Information & Data Response
• Forms of Ownership their impact on the business
operations
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INDEX PAGE

Contents Page number

1 Business Studies Main Topics & Topics 2

2 Pre-Test 3-4

3 Examination Tips 5-8

4 Human Rights, Inclusivity & Environmental Issues 8 – 13

5 Social Responsibility, CSR & CSI 14 – 20

6 Presentation of Information & Data Response 21 – 25

7 Forms of Ownership their impact on the business operations 26 – 30

8 Additional Resources 30

BUSINESS STUDIES – GRADE 12: MAIN TOPICS & TOPICS

Business Business Business Business Operations
Environments Ventures Roles

Impact of recent Management Professionalism Human Resources

1
legislation on business and leadership and Ethics function
Devise strategies Investment: Securities Creative thinking Quality of
2
performance
Business sectors Investment: Insurance Concept of corporate
3 and there social responsibility.
environments
Forms of ownership Team performance
4 and their impact on the Assessment and conflict
businessoperations Management
Presentation of Human Rights, Inclusivity
5 information and
and data response Environmental issues
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PRE-TEST
Gr 12 Business Studies Learner:
2020 Term 3 & 4 - Revision School:

1. Study the list of factors below and indicate whether the factors refer to before, during or
after a presentation.

Factors Answer
1.1 Create visual aids that will consolidate the information to be conveyed to the board of Before
directors.
1.2 Apologies for an error and promise to provide everyone with the correct details. After
1.3 Find out about the venue for the presentation, e.g. what equipment is available Before
1.4 Pace yourself and do not rush or talk too slowly. During
1.5 Keep the presentation short and simple. During
1.6 Do not allow one member of the audience to dominate the session and ask all the After
questions.
1.7 Avoid answering difficult questions when the answer is not known. After
1.8 Make appropriate use of gestures e.g. hands, to emphasize points. During
1.9 Prepare for the feedback session, by anticipating possible questions or comments. Before

[9]
2. Fill in the missing word: Responding to questions in a professional manner
Statement Answer
2.1 The presenter should stand throughout the … session. Feedback
2.2 Be … when responding to questions. Polite / courteous
2.3 Ensure that each question/comment is clearly understood before … Responding
/answering
2.4 … first and then respond. Listen
2.5 Provide feedback as soon as possible after the … was asked or after the session. Question
2.6 Be … when responding to questions. Honest

[6]
3. Fill in the missing word: Aspects to be considered when designing a multimedia presentation
Statement Answer
3.1 Start with the … Text / heading
3.2 Use … font and font size. Legible
3.3 Select the … Background
3.4 Choose … that may help to communicate the message. Images
3.5 Add … effects/sound/animation. Special
3.6 Create … to allow quick access to other files/documents/video clips. Hyperlinks
3.7 Make sure there are no … errors. Spelling /
grammatical
3.8 Use bright colours to increase … Visibility
[8]
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4. Indicate which of the following statements refers to Planet, People or Profit

Statement Answer
4.1 Businesses should not exhaust resources/harm the environment for profit purposes. Planet
4.2 Triple Bottom line means that businesses should not only focus on charging high prices, but Profit
should also invest in CSI projects.
4.3 Business operations should not have a negative impact on employees. People
4.4 They may support energy-efficient/eco-friendly products/production methods. Planet
4.5 Recycle/Re-use waste, e.g. packaging from recycled material. Planet
4.6 Businesses should not make a profit at the expense of its community. Profit
4.7 Improve the life style/quality of life of their human resources. People
4.8 Businesses should engage/invest in sustainable community programmes/ projects that will People
benefit/uplift communities.

[8]
5. Fill in the missing word: Purpose of CSR
Statements Answer
5.1 CSR programmes are … programmes that businesses use to comply with laws and ethics. Internal
5.2 Key areas of concern are … the environment, the well-being of employees from the community Protecting
and civil society in general.
5.3 Businesses seek to … public interest and do away with harmful practices without the need for Promote
any formal legislation.
5.4 Business operations address Triple bottom line through CSR programmes by considering its … Impact
on people, profit and planet.

[4]
6. Provide one term for the following descriptions:
Statements Answer
6.1 Rights that everyone must enjoy by mere fact that they are human beings Human rights
6.2 Not excluding any one because of their gender/age/race/ language/disability. Inclusivity
6.3 Preserving a clean/safe/sustainable environment Environmental issues

[6]
7. Match the statement in Column B, with the diversity issue in Column A
Column A Column B Answer
7.1 Poverty A A business may not employ children aged 15 or younger H
7.2 Inequality B Males and females should be offered equal employment opportunities E
7.3 Race C Provide training in the official language of the business I
7.4 Gender D Provide employment opportunities for people who are physically challenged B
7.5 Language E Implement equal opportunity policies when appointing new staff C
7.6 Age F Business must be sensitive to special requests from different cultural groups A
7.7 Disability G Business must not force employees to do work that could be against their religion D
7.8 Religion H Businesses should employ people from different socio-economic backgrounds G
7.9 Culture I No discrimination should be made based on skin colour F

[9]
TOTAL: 50
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EXAMINATION TIPS

The Business Studies Question Paper is split into TWO Question Papers:

• Paper 1 – This Question Paper will assess the Main Topics: Business Environments & Business Operations
• Paper 2 – This Question Paper will assess the Main topics: Business Ventures & Busines Roles

The structures of the Question papers

• You must answer FOUR questions in each QUESTION PAPER selected from the following:

QUESTION PAPER 1 QUESTION PAPER 2

Section Q Main Topics Marks Section Q Main Topics Marks
A 1 Bus Environments & 30 A 1 Bus Ventures & Bus Roles 30
Compulsory Bus Operations Compulsory
B 2 Bus Environments 40 B 2 Bus Ventures 40
Answer 2/3 3 Bus Operations 40 Answer 2/3 3 Bus Roles 40
4 Bus Environments & 40 4 Bus Ventures & Bus Roles 40
Bus Operations
C 5 Bus Environments 40 C 5 Bus Ventures 40
Answer 1/2 6 Bus Operations 40 Answer 1/2 6 Bus Roles 40
TOTAL MARKS: 150 TOTAL MARKS: 150
TIME: 2 HOURS TIME: 2 HOURS

Below find the Main Topics and Topics included in this Revision Booklet:

Main Topic Topic Question Paper

Business Roles Human Rights, Inclusivity & Environmental Issues 2
Social Responsibility, CSR & CSI 2
Business Ventures Presentation of Information 2
Forms of Ownership 2

Please note the following regarding the different Sections the Question Papers consist of:

Section A Different types of short and objective questions are set using various assessment styles and covers
the contents of both Paper 1 and Paper 2, e.g. Multiple choice questions, Match columns and Select
the correct word term
Section B These questions cover the contents of both Paper 1 and Paper 2, covered during the year. Answers
should be in paragraph style. Applicable verbs, e.g. discuss, motivate, compare, differentiate, explain,
etc. Case studies (scenarios) or source-based questions will be included.
Section C These are higher cognitive questions which assess insight and interpretation of theoretical
knowledge. (E.g. design, plan, appraise, evaluate, etc.). Answers should be in paragraph style.
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Tips that will assist you to answer questions in Section A, B and C

Section A type questions

Multiple Choice Questions
• Try to work out the answer without looking at the
possibilities.
• Read through the statement and all the options.
• Underline the key words in the statement.
• Cross out the options that are definitely wrong.
• Read through the statement again and select the most
appropriate option from the options remaining.
• Write down your answer and move to the next
question
• Go back to the questions you were not sure of at the
end of the paper.
• DO NOT leave the any answer blank
Match Columns Question
• Read through the entire list of statements in Column
A and all the descriptions in Column B.
• Read through each statement in Column A and find
the best match in Column B.
• Tick off the answers in Column B in pencil so that you
know the ones that you have already chosen
• Cross out the options that are definitely wrong.
• First do the ones you are sure of then go back to the
ones that you are not sure of and choose an answer
from the remaining options
• Go back to the questions you were not sure of at the
end of the paper if there is time left.
• DO NOT leave the any answer blank

Section B type questions

Case studies/ scenarios or data response questions
• Look at the heading and the pictures to get an idea of what the case study is about.
• Read through the case study carefully and slowly with understanding.
• Read each question and underline the keyword/ verb
• Read the case study again and underline each of the keywords in the case study.
• Now answer the questions, pay special attention to action verbs
• Look at the mark allocation as a guide of how many facts should be included in your answer

Section C type questions

An essay ALWAYS consists of three parts: Introduction, body and conclusion

INTRODUCTION
• Start with the word “Introduction” as a heading
• Write an opening statement that links to the
instructions of the essay question
• Give TWO meaningful facts to obtain maximum 2
marks
• [2 x 1=2]
• Do not repeat or use the words that are in the
scenario / case study
BODY
• Use information in the bullet’s points below the
scenario as headings in the body
• Break up the information into logical parts, making
use of heading and sub headings
• The maximum marks obtained for the body = 32
marks •
• Don’t repeat facts, get to the point
• Responses must be bulleted and in full sentences
• Put your statements in context
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CONCLUSION
• Start with the word “conclusion” as a heading.
• Briefly summarise the main point and focus of the
essay
• End your essay with a meaningful fact – not
repeating what was said in the introduction or body
• Give at least one meaningful closing statement -
[1x2=2]
LASO
• Write the words Introduction and Conclusion to
obtain full marks for layout.
• Write sub-headings that appear in the question
paper to obtain ONE mark for analysis.
• Ensure that you write as many correct facts as you
can that amount to at least 16 marks or more in the
body to obtain another ONE mark for analysis.
• Write only responses relevant to the questions asked
to obtain two marks for synthesis.
• Use at least TWO current examples to elaborate on
facts to obtain two marks for originality.

Please note that when you respond to questions in Section B and C of the Question Papers it’s important that you
consider the action verb in the questions. Questions are assessed differently, based on the action verb used in the
question. The following principles are applied:

• Part marking [Split marking] –
one plus one mark
• Full mark – Two marks
One marks is awarded for the fact ✓ and one additional mark for the
explanation or justification of the fact ✓
Action verbs: Describe; Explain; Distinguish; Discuss; Analyse; Elaborate;
Showing impact; Evaluate; Differentiate; Compare; Tabulate; Justify
Questions that could be used to get the additional mark are the following:
What; How; Why; For Whom; When.
Examples: Explain how a business could contribute time and effort in
improving the well-being of the community
Suggested answer:
• Business should improve the general quality of life of their community✓
[How?] by investing in education ✓
• Ensure that the product they supply do not harm ✓ [What?] the
environment. ✓
• Refrain from engaging in harmful practices✓ [How?] by not selling illegal
substances ✓
• Make ethically correct business decisions ✓[Why?] so that consumers
are not misled by unfair advertising ✓
• Donate money to a community project✓ [Why?] to uplift the
community✓
• Provide recreational facilities✓ [why?] to promote healthy activities.✓
Two marks at end of statement ✓✓
Action verbs: Classify; Name; Suggest; Advise; Propose; Define; Motivate
Support; Outline; Recommend; State
Example: Recommend strategies that could be used to deal with
unemployment [10]
Suggested answer:
• Provide skills development programmes through learnerships. ✓✓
• Offer bursaries to the community to improve the level of education. ✓✓
• Create jobs for members of the community. ✓✓
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• Provide entrepreneurial programmes that can promote self-

employment. ✓✓
• Support existing small businesses to create more employment
opportunities. ✓✓
One mark at end of phrase / statement / fact ✓
Action verbs: Give; Identify; List; Mention; Name; State
Example: List FOUR components of CSR
• Environment ✓
• Ethical corporate social investment ✓
• Health and safety ✓
• Corporate governance ✓

1. HUMAN RIGHTS; INCLUSIVITY & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

This topic is divided into three sections, namely:

• Human Rights
• Inclusivity
• Environmental Issues
Human Rights Inclusivity Environmental Issues

Rights that everyone must enjoy by Not excluding any one because of Preserving a clean/safe/sustainable
mere fact that they are human their gender/age/race/ environment
beings language/disability.

1.1. HUMAN RIGHTS:

1.1.1. Outline/Name the following human rights in the workplace.

1. Privacy 2. Equity 3. Information

4. Dignity 5. Freedom of speech and expression 6. Safety, security and protection of life
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In addition to naming the above-mentioned human rights in the workplace, you should also be able
to Identify the above-stated human rights from given scenarios /statement

1.1.2. Recommend ways in which businesses could deal with the above-stated human rights in the workplace:

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 117 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

1.1.3. Outline/State the economic rights of employees in the workplace

1. Free from forced 2. Equal pay for work of 3. Safe and healthy 4. Right to participate in a
labour equal pay working conditions legal strike
5. Free to accept or 6. Reasonable limitation 7. Join, form trade unions
choose work of working hours

1.1.4. Outline/State the social rights of employees in the workplace.

1. Access to clean water 2. Skills training 3. Health care services

4. Unemployment protection 5. Participating in special events day

1.1.5. Recommend ways in which businesses could promote social rights and cultural rights in the workplace.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 118 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

Some candidates had difficulty in making recommendations on how businesses could

promote cultural rights in the workplace in Q 4.9. Responses were limited to ‘cultural
activities that must be allowed in the workplace’. Many candidates continue to base their
answers on ‘allowing employees to practice their culture in the workplace’ even though
From 2019 NSC recommendations were made in the 2016 and 2017 national diagnostic reports that these
Diagnostic Reports facts will not be relevant in this context. Other incorrect responses included the cultures of
candidates.

Let’s look at Question 4.9 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Advise businesses on how they could promote the cultural rights of employees in the workplace. (6)
Recommendation • The recommended responses should be to ‘encourage employees to participate in cultural
activities
Suggested • Provide the environment in which employees are free to use their own language
Solution when interacting with others during their free time.
• Encourage employees to participate in cultural activities.
• Allow employees to provide solutions to challenges from their own cultural
perspective.
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• Regular cultural information sessions will help employees to respect each

other's culture in the workplace.
• Make provision for the needs of different cultures, such as food served in the canteen
• Employ people from various cultural backgrounds.
• Employees should be trained on cultural tolerance.

1.1.6. Explain the implication of equality, respect and dignity on businesses

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 119 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

1.2 INCLUSIVITY:

1.2.1. Define / Elaborate on the meaning of diversity in the workplace.

Refers to an organization that intentionally employs a workforce comprised of

individuals of varying gender, religion, race, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation,
education, and other attributes

1.2.2. Identify/Name diversity issues

1. Poverty 2. Race 3. Language 4. Age

5. Gender 6. Culture / Religion 7. Inequality 8. Disability
In addition to naming the above-mentioned diversity issues in the workplace, you should also be
able to Identify the above-stated diversity issues from given scenarios /statements

1.2.3. Recommend/Suggest ways in which businesses could deal with the above-stated diversity issues in the
workplace
Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 120 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

• In Q 4.3 some candidates could not correctly identify the diversity issues applicable in
the given scenario. They lost marks for motivation that were not linked to the diversity
issue.
Recommendation:
• Learners must be exposed to various scenarios and they must be guided on how to
From 2019 NSC
respond to questions that are based on similar scenarios.
Diagnostic Reports

Let’s look at Question 4.3 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

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Suggested
solution

1.2.4. Discuss the benefits of diversity in the workplace.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 121 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

1.3.1. Explain the responsibilities of employers in promoting human health and safety in the workplace.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 122 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

1.3.2. Explain the responsibilities of workers/employees in promoting human health and safety in the
workplace.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 122 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

• Many candidates confused Q4.2 with either the responsibility of employers in protecting
the workplace environment or strategies on how businesses can promote the health and
safety of employees in the workplace.
Recommendation:
From 2019 NSC
• Distinguish clearly between the responsibility of:
Diagnostic Reports
Employees; Employer & Health and safety representatives
 12

Let’s look at Question 4.2 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Elaborate on the roles of the health and safety representatives in protecting the workplace environment. (6)

Suggested • Ensure that protective clothing is provided/available√ to all workers Identify potential dangers in
solution the workplace.
• Initiate/Promote/Maintain/Review measures to ensure the health and safety of workers.
• Check/Monitor the effectiveness of health and safety measures with management.
• Ensure that all equipment that is necessary to perform work are provided maintained regularly.
• Promote safety training√ so that employees may avoid potential dangers/act pro-actively.

You should be able to Identify the responsibilities of employers and employees/workers in

promoting human health and safety in the workplace from given scenarios.

1.3.3. Outline/Explain/Discuss the roles of the health and safety representatives in protecting the workplace
environment

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 121 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

(Health and Safety Representatives are elected by co-workers to act on their behalf in resolving
health and safety issues in the workplace.)

In addition to outline/Explain/Discuss the roles of the health and safety representatives in

protecting the workplace environment you should also be able to Identify the roles of health and
safety representatives from given scenarios

1.3.4. Recommend/Suggest strategies businesses may use to protect the environment and human health.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 122 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution
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CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS
Year Exams Q Number Question / Type Marks
2019 NSC 4.2 Roles of health and safety representatives 6
4.3 Scenario – Diversity issues 6
4.9 Promoting cultural rights of employees 6
6.7 Dealing with HIV/Aids 6
2018 NSC 4.2 Benefits of diversity 8
4.7 Promoting social rights 8
2017 NSC 6.5.1 – 6.5.2 Scenario – Health and Safety Representatives 6
6.5.3 Employees promoting human health and safety 4
6.5.4 Employers promoting human health and safety 4
2016 NSC 4.2 Scenario – Diversity 14
4.3 Business promote cultural rights 6
4.4 Roles of health and safety representatives 8
2015 NSC 4.1 Economic rights 3
4.4 Business promote social rights 6

HIGH PERFORMING LEARNERS ONLY

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2. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY; CSR & CSI

This topic is divided into THREE sections, namely:

• Social Responsibility
• Corporate Social Responsibility [CSR]
• Corporate Social Investment [CSI]

Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility [CSR] Corporate Social Investment [CSI]

An ethical framework and
suggests that an individual, has
an obligation to act for the
benefit of society at large
The continuing commitment by business to
behave ethically and contribute to
economic development while improving
the quality of life of the local community
and society at large.
Projects that are not part of the
normal business activities of a
business and are designed and aim
to benefit the community.

2.1. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

2.1.1. Explain the relationship/link between social responsibility and triple bottom line.

Fill in the missing word/s

Profit/Economic
• Triple Bottom line means that businesses should not only focus on charging high prices, but should also … in CSI
projects.
• Businesses should not make a … at the expense of its community
People/Social
• Business operations should not have a negative … on/exploit people/ employees/customers/community.
• Businesses should engage/invest in … community programmes/ projects that will benefit/uplift communities.
• Improve the … of their human resources/employees
Planet/Environment
• Businesses should not exhaust … for production/profit purposes.
• They may support … methods.
• Recycle waste, e.g. packaging from … material.

2.1.2. Suggest ways in which a business project can contribute towards the community

• charitable contributions to NGO's

• involvement in community education,
• employment,
• employee volunteer programmes.
 15

2.1.3. Identify/Name socio-economic issues that affects businesses

1. HIV/Aids 2. Unemployment 3. Poverty

In addition to naming the socio-economic issues that affects businesses you should also be able to
identify socio-economic issues from given scenarios/statements.

2.1.4. Recommend/Suggest ways in which businesses can deal with the above-stated socio-economic issues.

HIV/Aids
Suggested Solution Key concepts
• Counselling programmes/train counsellors to provide infected and affected • Train counsellors
persons/employees.
• Develop counselling programmes for infected/affected persons/employees. • Counselling programmes
• Conduct workshops on HIV/Aids programmes/campaigns. • Workshops
• Roll out anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment programmes (ART) for the infected • Treatment programmes
employees.
• Encourage employees to join HIV/Aids support groups. • Support groups
• Develop strategies to deal with stigma and discrimination. • Strategies

Unemployment
Suggested Solution Key concepts
• Provide skills development programmes through learnerships. • Skills development programmes
• Offer bursaries to the community to improve the level of education. • Bursaries
• Create jobs for members of the community. • Jobs
• Provide entrepreneurial programmes that can promote self-employment. • Entrepreneurial programmes
• Support existing small businesses to create more employment • Small businesses
opportunities

Poverty
Suggested Solution Key concepts
• Invest in a young starting SME that can be a business competitor, buyer or supplier. • Young starting SME
• Attract the best employees by being socially responsible and offering the best • Socially responsible
volunteering programs. • Poverty alleviation
• Support poverty alleviation programmes that are offered by the government. programmes
• Donate money/food parcels to local NGO’s. • Food parcels
 16

• Although many candidates performed well in Q 6.7, some provided very general
statements on strategies to deal with HIV/Aids and others provided negative strategies on
dealing with HIV/Aids. These were not relevant. Some candidates went off the topic and
offered general ways of dealing with socio-economic issues
From 2019 NSC Recommendation:
Diagnostic Reports • Learners’ knowledge on how businesses can deal with HIV/Aids are not limited to HIV
awareness campaigns and programmes. Learners must also be able to suggest other
relevant strategies covered in the previous grades.

Let’s look at Question 6.7 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Explain how businesses could deal with HIV/Aids as a socio-economic issue. (6)

Suggested • Train counsellors to provide infected and affected persons/employees.

Solution • Develop counselling programmes for infected/affected persons/employees.
• Conduct workshops√ on HIV/Aids programmes/campaigns.
• Roll out anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment programmes (ART) for the infected employees.
• Encourage employees to join HIV/Aids support groups.
• Develop strategies to deal with stigma and discrimination.

2.1.5. Explain/Recommend/Suggest ways in which businesses can contribute time and effort in improving the
well-being of:
• employees
• communities.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 107 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

2.2. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY [CSR]

2.2.1. Describe/Explain the purpose of CSR.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 108 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

2.2.2 Identify/Name/Outline the components of CSR

1. Environment 2. Corporate governance 3. Supply chain/Distribution channel

4. Customers 5. Business ethics 6. Ethical corporate social investment
7. Health and safety 8. Employment equity 9. Community
 17

2.2.3 Explain/Discuss/Evaluate/Analyse the impact of CSR on:

• businesses
• communities.

The impact refers to the Benefits / Positive and / or Disadvantages / Negatives of each leadership
style

Impact of CSR on businesses

Suggested solution Key concepts
Advantages • A business may have a competitive advantage, resulting in good • Competitive
publicity/an improved reputation. advantage
• Promotes customer loyalty resulting in more sales. • Customer loyalty
• Projects may be used as a marketing strategy to promote their
• Marketing strategy
products.
• The business enjoys the support of communities. • Support
• Projects promote teamwork within businesses. • Teamwork
• Project helps to attract investors because of increased • Investors
profits/income
Disadvantages • Customers may not buy their products/services resulting in a • Decreasing sales
decrease in sales. • Difficult to
• Small and medium enterprises find it difficult to implement projects implement projects
• Detailed reports must be drawn up, which can be time consuming. • Reduces business
• Social spending reduces business efficiency which makes it less
efficiency
competitive.
• Social involvement is funded from business profits which could have • Funded from
been used to the benefit of customers/reduce prices. business profits
• CSI activities distract business focus from its core business • Distract business
functions. focus
• Businesses find it difficult to adhere to legislation governing CSI. • Adhere to legislation

Impact of CSR on community

Suggested solution Key concepts
Advantages • Socio-economic issues are attended to which will improve the • Socio economic
welfare of the community. issues
• Training opportunities in the community increase the possibility of • Training
appointments of members of the community. opportunities
• Implementing developmental programmes in the community • Developmental
improves entrepreneurial skills of communities. programmes
• Provision of bursaries encourages communities to improve their • Bursaries
skills. • Standard of living
• The standard of living of the community is uplifted/quality of life of
communities is improved.
Disadvantages • Businesses are not always equipped to address social problems. • Social problem
• Communities tend to be dependent on CSR programmes and • Dependent
struggle to take their own initiatives. • Scarce resources
 18

• Distribution of scarce resources to selected beneficiaries in the • Care for the

community may cause problems such as discrimination. community
• Some businesses only participate in CSR initiatives to raise profit • Sustainable
and do not really care for the community in which they operate. • Benefits
• Businesses cannot meet the longer term needs of the
society/Business cannot deliver sustainable CSR programmes.
• The benefits of the programmes may not filter to the intended
persons within the community.

2.3. CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENT

2.3.1 Describe/Explain the purpose of CSI.

Purpose Of CSI. Key Concepts

• CSI aims at contributing towards sustainable development of its immediate • Sustainable development
communities. • Enforceable by law
• CSI is enforceable by law and government requires business to make CSI • Development of
contributions. communities
• CSI projects play a positive role in the development of communities. • Business’s attitude
• CSI reveals a business’s attitude towards the community in which it operates. • Long-term investment
• CSI projects are long-term investment • Socio-economic upliftment
• It is relevant to the South African context where socio-economic upliftment is
such a priority.

2.3.2. Name CSI focus areas

1. Community 2. Rural development 3. Environment 4. Employees

Examples of CSI projects

Donation to support local organisations Investing in job creation projects Teaching entrepreneurial skills

Sponsoring arts and culture programmes Providing adult basic education Building infrastructure

2.3.3. Explain/Discuss/Evaluate/Analyse the impact of CSI on:

• businesses
• communities.

The responses to the impact of CSI and CSR on Businesses & the Community are the
same.
 19

• Poor performance was noted in Q 4.6.2 as some candidate confused the impact of CSI on
businesses with communities. Others provided incomplete responses such as increase
profitability and market share. There were also instances where candidates either
repeated words that were used in the scenario or gave other examples of CSI projects.
From 2019 NSC These were not relevant to answering this question.
Diagnostic Reports Recommendation:
• Businesses are expected to measure the impact of CSI projects on their operation.
Therefore, learners must be able to explain how these projects benefit businesses instead
of giving examples of CSI projects.

Let’s look at Question 4.6.2 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Discuss the impact of corporate social investment (CSI) on JT as a business. (6)

Suggested Solution
Positive • JT may attract experienced employees/increase the pool of skilled labour which could increase
impact productivity.
• Positive/Improved image as the business looks after employees/conducts itself in a responsible way.
• May have a competitive advantage, resulting in good publicity/an improved reputation.
• Promotes customer loyalty resulting in more sales.
• CSI projects may be used as a marketing strategy√ to promote their products.
• JT enjoys the goodwill/support of communities.
• CSI projects promote teamwork within businesses.
Negative • Customers may not buy their products/services, resulting in a decrease in sales.
Impact • Small and medium enterprises find it difficult to implement CSI programmes.
• Detailed reports must be drawn up, which can be time consuming.
• Social spending reduces business/economic efficiency which makes it less
• competitive.
• Social involvement is funded from business profits which could have been used to the benefit of
customers/reduce prices.
• CSI activities distract business focus√ from its core business functions.

2.3.4. Explain/Distinguish/Differentiate between CSR and CSI.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Roles, Pg. 111 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution
 20

HIGH PERFORMING LEARNERS ONLY

CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS
Year Exams Q Number Question / Type Marks
2019 NSC 4.6.1 Scenario – Well-being communities 2
4.6.2 Scenario - Impact of CSI 6
2017 NSC 4.1 Components CSR 5
4.2 Benefits CSI 8
4.3 Distinguish CSR & CSI 4
2016 NSC 4.5 Scenario – Well-being of employees 8
4.7 Negative impact of CSI 6
2015 NSC 4.2 CSI projects 6
 21

3. PRESENTATION & DATA RESPONSE

This topic is divided into TWO sections, namely:

• Presentation
• Data Response
Presentation Data Response

The process of presenting a topic to an audience Collection of data, processing of the data and analysing
the data

3.1. PRESENTATION

3.1.1. Outline/Explain/Discuss factors that must be considered when preparing for a presentation. (Before the
presentation)

Factors BEFORE the presentation Key concepts

• Clear objectives and main points of the presentation. • Objectives & Main
• Main aims captured in the introduction/opening statement of the presentation. point
• Information presented should be relevant and accurate. • Opening statement
• Fully conversant with the content/objectives of the presentation. • Relevant
• Background/diversity/size/pre-knowledge of the audience to determine the • Conversant content
appropriate visual aids. • Background of
• Prepare a rough draft of the presentation with a logical structure/format with an audience
introduction, body and conclusion. • Rough Draft
• The conclusion must summarise the key facts and how it relates to the • Conclusion
objectives/shows that all aspects have been addressed.

3.1.2. Outline/Explain factors that must be considered by the presenter while presenting (During the
presentation)

Factors DURING the presentation Key concepts

• Establish credibility by introducing yourself as the presenter at the start. • Introduce yourself
• Mention/Show most important information first. • Important
• Make the purpose/main points of the presentation clear at the start of the information
presentation. • Purpose of
• Use suitable section titles/headings/sub-headings/bullets. presentation
• Summarise the main points of the presentation to conclude the presentation. • Summarise main
• Stand in a good position/upright, where the audience can clearly see the points
presenter/presentation. • Stand upright
 22

• Maintain eye contact with the audience. • Eye contact

• Be audible to all listeners/audience. • Audible

In addition to the above you should also be able to Identify factors that must be considered when
preparing for a presentation and during the presentation from given scenarios/case studies.

3.1.3. Explain how to respond to questions about work and presentations/handle feedback after a presentation
in a non-aggressive and professional manner. (After the presentation)

Factors AFTER the presentation Key concepts

• Ensure that you understand each question/what is being asked. • Understand
• Rephrase questions if uncertain, before responding. • Uncertain
• Listen carefully to each question and think carefully before responding. • Listen carefully
• Address questions and not the person. • Address question
• Acknowledge good questions. • Acknowledge
• Remain professional/polite/calm/non-aggressive. • Remain professional
• Do not get involved in a debate or argument. • Argument

• In Q 8.2 some candidates confused the factors that must be considered during the
presentation with either before or after a presentation
Recommendation:
The relationship between factors that must be considered before and during a presentation
From 2019 NSC Learners must be taught to identify the relationship between these factors to realize the
Diagnostic Reports logic that a presenter must first prepare a presentation before Presenting.

Let’s look at Question 8.2 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Outline the factors that Mr Meyer should consider during his presentation

Suggested solution • Capture listeners' attention

• Use short video clips/sound effects/humour,
• Stand in a good upright, where the audience can clearly see the you
• Avoid hiding himself behind the equipment.
• Pace yourself, do not rush or talk to slowly.
• Keep the presentation short and simple.
• Manage time effectively to allow time for questions.

3.1.4. Explain/Suggest/Recommend areas of improvement in the next presentation.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Ventures, Pg. 67 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution
 23

• Many candidates performed poorly in Q 8.5 even though this question was asked many
times in past NSC papers.
• They provided general statements and confused this question with handling feedback in a
professional and non-aggressive manner.
From 2019 NSC • Some wrote one-word answers in this question.
Diagnostic Report Recommendation:
• Note that a presenter would usually consider areas of improvement in the next
presentation by evaluating the effectiveness of a previous presentation. This step is
termed a reflection. This is why some of the points that must be considered before and
during the presentation are repeated in this topic, in a different context.

Let’s look at Question 8.4 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Advise Mr Meyer on how he can improve on his next presentation.

Suggested • Revise objectives that were not achieved.

Solution • Humour should be used appropriately.
• Always be prepared to update/keep the information relevant.
• Reflect on any problem/criticism and avoid it in future presentations.
• Reflect on the time/length of the presentation to add/remove content.
• Increase/Decrease the use of visual aids or replace/remove aids that did not work well.
• He should reflect on the logical flow of the format/slides/application of visual aids.

3.2. DATA RESPONSE

3.2.1 Discuss/Explain how to design a multimedia presentation

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Ventures, Pg. 68 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

3.2.2. Give examples of non-verbal presentations as well as other verbal presentation

Non-verbal presentations Verbal presentations

• Tables • Written reports • Gesture
• Graphs [bar graph/line graph/histogram/pie chart • Flip charts • Body language
• Diagrams • Handouts • Speech
• Illustrations/Pictures/Photographs • Slide shows • Voice

3.2.3. Advantages of using visual aids in any presentation

Advantages Key concepts

• Emphasises the main points of the topic. • Main points
• Helps the audience to clarify the topic. • Clarify topic
• Makes a presentation more understanding and more memorable. • More
• Useful in presenting information to members of the audience who learn best understandable
through visuals.
 24

• Summarises large amounts of facts to keep the presentation short and to the point. • Visual learners
• Eye-catching visual aids can attract the audience/readers attention. • Summarise facts
• Very useful when presenting financial information to management. • Readers attention
• Stimulates more than one sense of the audience during a presentation, e.g. seeing • Financial
and hearing, to attract/keep their attention. information
• Senses

Visual Aids
1. Video conferencing 2. Flip-charts 3. Interactive whiteboard
4. Poster 5. Data Projector 6. Transparencies
7. Flyers

3.2.4. Explain/Discuss /Evaluate the impact (positives/advantages and/or negatives/ disadvantages) of each of
the visual aids listed above:

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Ventures, Pg. 69 - 71 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

• The majority of candidates were not able to evaluate the impact of a PowerPoint
presentation in Q 8.4. This topic remains a challenge in all NSC/SCE examinations.
• Many responses were based on the impact of any type of visual aid without focusing on a
PowerPoint presentation, and some responses were based on the impact of interactive
From 2019 NSC whiteboards.
Diagnostic Report Recommendation:
All relevant types of visual aids and their impact on businesses, must be taught and discussed
at length. It should be appreciated that the use of visual aids serves to enhance effective
presentation of business information. Learners must be provided with explanations so that
they do not confuse a PowerPoint presentation with interactive smartboards.

Let’s look at Question 8.4 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Evaluate the impact of a PowerPoint presentation.

Suggested solution • Easy to combine with sound/video clips.

• Simple/Less cluttered slides may capture the interest of the audience.
• Video clips can provide variety and capture the attention of the audience.
• Variation of colour/background/sound immediately captures the attention of the
audience√ and retain their interest throughout the presentation.
• Slides should only be used where they can enhance the facts or summarise information.
• PowerPoint slides can help to convey a large amount of facts√ in a short time.
 25

CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS
Year Exams Q Number Question / Type Marks
2018 NSC 3.7 Scenario – Visual Aids 19
2017 NSC 3.6.1 Factors before presentation 8
NSC 3.6.2 Designing multimedia presentation 6
2016 NSC 3.5 Scenario – Visual Aids / Factors during presentation 8

HIGH PERFORMING LEARNERS ONLY

 26

4. FORMS OF OWNERSHIP

This topic is divided into TWO sections, namely:

• Different types of Forms of Ownership
• Impact of the Forms of Ownership on the success or failure of a business

4.1. FORMS OF OWNERSHIP

1. Sole Proprietor 2. Partnership 3. Close Corporation

4. Cooperatives 5. Personal Liability Companies 6. State Owned Companies
7. Non-Profit Companies 8. Profit Companies [Private & Public Companies]

4.1.1 Provide the Forms of Ownership for each of the descriptions below:

Forms of Ownership – Descriptions Answers

1 Two or more members who own the business. They share the responsibility and they Partnership
share the financial and management decision of the business.
2 directors of company are jointly and severally liable for all the debts and liabilities of the Personal Liability
company Companies
3 a company that is registered to offer its stock and shares to the general public Public Company
4 company has the government as its major shareholder State Company
5 Company not formed with intent to make a profit, but established for public benefit Non-Profit
company
6 A business that is owned and managed by one person Sole Proprietor
7 It can be a small or large company and has one or more directors. Private Company
8 Minimum of one and maximum of ten members who share a common goal Close
Corporation
9 a group of interested parties getting together and sharing resources/infrastructures and Cooperatives
costs to achieve a better outcome.

4.1.2 Discuss/Explain the characteristics of each form of ownership.

Sole Proprietor - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 The owner has a personal interest in the management and the services that is personal interest
rendered.
2 It is easy to establish as there are no legal formalities in forming the business. no legal formalities
3 There are no legal requirements regarding the name of the business. name of the business
4 The owner has unlimited liability/The owner is personally liable for the debt of the unlimited liability
business.
5 A sole trader has limited company for expansion and lacks continuity of existence. lacks continuity
6 The business has no legal personality and therefore has no continuity/ Continuity no legal personality
depends on the life and health of the owner.
 27

Partnership - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 An agreement between two or more people who combine labour, capital and agreement
resources towards a common goal.
2 Partners combine capital and may also borrow capital from financial institutions. combine capital
3 No legal requirements regarding the name of the business. legal requirements
4 Partners have unlimited liability and are jointly and severally liable for the debts unlimited liability
5 Profit is shared according to the partnership agreement. Profit is shared
6 Partnership does not pay tax partners pay personal income tax. tax

Close Corporation - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 Minimum of one and maximum of ten members who share a common goal. Min & Max members
2 All members are involved and participate in its management. management.
3 Each member makes a contribution towards the corporation. contribution
4 Members have unlimited liability unlimited liability
5 A CC has its own legal personality and therefore has unlimited continuity. legal personality

Cooperatives - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 Legal entity and can own land and open bank accounts. Legal entity
2 Members own and run the business together and share equally in its profits. profits.
3 Decisions are taken democratically Decisions
4 They are motivated by service rather than profit motivated by service
5 Must register with the Registrar of Cooperatives Societies register
6 The objective of a co-operative is to create mutual benefit for the members. objective

State Owned Companies - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 Requires three or more directors and one or more shareholders. Directors
2 Register with the Registrar of Companies by drawing up MoI. Register
3 It is owned by the government and operated for profit. government
4 SOC is listed as a public company. listed
5 The name ends with letters SOC. name
6 State owned companies support private businesses by providing infrastructure, support
Post office and supply of electricity/Eskom.

Personal Liability Company - Characteristics Key Concepts

1 The company name must end with letters INC name
2 Directors have unlimited liability and they are jointly liable for the debts of the business unlimited liability
even if they are long out of office.
3 The memorandum of Incorporation should state that it is a personal liability company. MoI
4 They must at least have one director on their board of directors. directors

4.1.3. Explain the meaning of limited liability and unlimited liability.

Limited liability means the business owners' liability for debts is restricted to the amount they put into the
business.
Unlimited liability, the business owner is personally responsible for any loss the business makes.
 28

4.1.4. Discuss/Explain/Evaluate the impact (positives/advantages and/or negatives/ disadvantages) of the

different forms of ownership.

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Ventures, Pg. 45 - 53 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

4.2. FACTORS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF EACH FORM OF OWNERSHIP

4.2.1. Factors can contribute to success or failure of each form of ownership

Match the factor/criteria in Column B with the description in Column A

COLUMN A COLUMN B Ans.

1 Refers to the ability/potential of management to start and operate a A Tax implications E
business as planned
2 The tax requirements of each form of ownership determine the impact B Management A
of taxation on business success/failure.
3 Ownership impacts on management functions which determine the C Division of Profit B
success/failure of the business.
4 Refers to the ability to obtain capital from various sources D Legislation F
5 Refers to how profit is divided between shareholders. E Capacity C
6 Legal requirements for establishment/starting a business F Capital D

4.2.2. Discuss how the above-mentioned criteria could contribute to the success and/or failure of each form of
ownership:

Refer to 2020 WCED Grade 12 Core Notes – Business Ventures, Pg. 54 - 59 or the Gr. 12 Business Studies
textbook issued to you for the solution

• Many candidates did not attempt to answer Q 3.8. Some simply provided general
statements on the contribution of management and legislation to the success and/or
failure of a public company.
• Some responses focused on the characteristics of a public company and failed to link
From 2019 NSC them to success and/or failure factors.
Diagnostic Report • Only few candidates were able to explain how these criteria would influence the success
and/or failure of a public company. Some inappropriate and irrelevant responses included
the differences between management and leadership and the duties of a manager.

Recommendation:
• Learners must be provided with explanations of all the criteria relevant to each forms of
ownership.
 29

Let’s look at Question 3.8 of the 2019 NSC Question Paper

Advise businesses on how management and legislation could contribute to the success and/or failure of a public
company. (8).

Suggested solution • Management:

➢ Managed by at least one competent highly skilled director.
➢ The management of the company can improve since directors are accountable to
shareholders.
➢ Directors bring creative ideas which encourage innovation in the company.
➢ Shareholders can vote for the most capable directors to manage their company.

• Legislation:
➢ The company and its shareholders are separate entities, which may encourage more
people to join the company
➢ Limited liability allows for greater risk taking, which may lead to growth of the business
➢ Auditing of financial statements, gives shareholders the assurance that the business is
being properly managed and supports raising additional finance

CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS
Year Exams Q Number Question / Type Marks
2019 NSC 3.7 Advantages of non-profit company 8
3.8 Management & Legislation could contribute to the success / failure of 8
public company
2018 NSC 3.4 Distinguish between private company & public company 8
6.3 Importance of State Owned Companies 6
2017 NSC 3.5.1 Scenario - Public company 3
3.7 Importance of State Owned Companies 8
6.4 Scenario – Public company 8
2016 NSC 3.7 Management & Taxation could contribute to the success / failure of 8
partnership
3.8 Differences between private & Public company 8

HIGH PERFORMING LEARNERS ONLY

• Advise Peter and Teko on how the following factors could contribute to the success and/or failure of their
partnership:
- Management
- Legislation
 30

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

1 2020 Gr 12 Business Studies Core Notes: Business Ventures https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/110436

& Business Roles
2 Busines Studies: Section A Type Questions
3 Busines Studies Concepts: Business Ventures & Business
Roles
4 Gr 12 BSTD Paper 1 DBE Exemplar
5 Gr 12 BSTD Paper 1 DBE Exemplar_Memorandum
6 Gr 12 BSTD Paper 2 DBE Exemplar
7 Gr 12 BSTD Paper 2 DBE Exemplar_Memorandum
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/131716
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/131731
https://wcedeportal.co.za/node/140211
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/140226
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/140221
https://wcedeportal.co.za/node/140231

Best wishes with your studies !