FORMULA sheet

 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑎 + 𝑉𝑤 + 𝑉𝑠  𝑉𝑣 = 𝑉𝑤 + 𝑉𝑎
 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑣  𝑊 = 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤
𝑊𝑤 𝑀2−𝑀3
 𝜔= × 100  𝜔= × 100
𝑊𝑠 𝑀3−𝑀1
𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑣 𝜂 𝑉𝑤
 𝜂= × 100  𝑒= = =
𝑉 𝑉𝑠 1−𝜂 𝑉𝑠
𝜔𝐺𝑠 𝑉𝑤
 𝑒=  𝑆𝑟 =
𝑆𝑟 𝑉𝑠
 ˅=1+𝑒  𝐺=
Ɣ𝑠
Ɣ𝑤
𝑉𝑎 𝑉𝑎
 𝜂𝑎 = × 100  𝑎𝑐 = × 100
𝑉 𝑉𝑣
𝑒 𝐺𝑠 Ɣ𝑤
 𝜂=  Ɣ𝑑𝑟𝑦 =
𝑒+1 1+𝑒
Ɣ Ɣ𝑤 (𝐺+𝑆𝑟 𝑒)
 Ɣ𝑑𝑟𝑦 =  Ɣ=
1+𝜔 1+𝑒
Ɣ𝑤(𝐺𝑠 +𝑒) Ɣ𝑤(𝐺−1)
 Ɣ𝑠𝑎𝑡 =  Ɣ =
′
1+𝑒 1+𝑒
𝐺.Ɣ𝑤 (1+𝜔) (1−𝜂𝑎 )Ɣ𝑤
 Ɣ=  Ɣ𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 1
1+𝑒 (𝜔+ )
𝐺𝑠
𝜔𝑖𝑛𝑠−𝑃𝐿
 𝐿𝐼 =  𝐼𝑃 = 𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿
𝐿𝐿−𝑠𝑃𝐿
 𝜔𝑃𝐿 = 𝜔𝑙𝑙 − [
2∆𝜔
]  𝜔𝑃𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿𝐿 − 4.2𝛥𝜔
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑀2 ⁄𝑀1

 ω=
(𝜔1 −𝜔𝑑𝑟𝑦 )−(𝑉1 −𝑉2)  𝐼𝑆 = 𝑃𝐿 − 𝑆𝐿
𝜔𝑑𝑟𝑦
𝐿𝐿−𝜔𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝐼𝑃
 𝐶𝐼 =  𝐴=
𝑃𝐼 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑠

 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑞𝑢 (𝑈𝑛 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑑)  𝑞 = 2𝐶
𝑞𝑢 (𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦)
1 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑒
  = 𝐶 = 𝑞𝑢  𝐷𝑟 =
2 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛
1⁄ (𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝜂)(1−𝜂min)
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌  𝐼𝐷 =
 𝐷𝑟 = 1 = (𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑥− 𝜂min)(1−𝜂)
⁄𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 −1⁄𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥
1⁄ 1
Ɣ𝑚𝑖𝑛 − ⁄Ɣ
1⁄ 1
Ɣ𝑚𝑖𝑛 − ⁄Ɣ𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐿 𝐿
 𝑉=  𝐷 = 𝐾√
𝑇 𝑇
𝑅 𝜌𝑠 −𝜌𝑤 𝐷
 %𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = × 100  𝑉= ( )2
𝑀 18𝜂 10
 𝑉 = 𝜌𝑤 (𝐺 − 1)  %𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝑅𝑐 𝛼
𝑀
 𝐾=
30𝜂
 𝑅𝑐 = 𝑅𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 − 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 +
𝐺−1
𝐶𝑇

1
 𝐷60 (𝐷30 )2
 𝐶𝑢 =  𝐶𝑐 = (𝐷
𝐷10 60 )(𝐷10 )
 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =  𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 = (𝐹200 − 35)[0.2 +
𝛴(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑) 0.005(𝐿𝐿 − 40)] + 0.01(𝐹200 −
100 15)(𝑃𝐼 − 10)
 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 = 0.01(𝐹200 −  𝐼𝑃 > (𝜔𝐿 − 30)
15)(𝑃𝐼 − 10)
 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑖𝐴  𝑖=
∆ℎ
𝐿
𝑉𝐿 𝐾𝑖
 𝐾= ×𝐶  𝜈𝑆 =
∆ℎ𝑡𝐴 𝜂
ℎ 𝑟
𝑎𝐿 ln( 1⁄ℎ ) 𝑞 ln( 2⁄𝑟1 )
 𝐾= 2  𝐾=
𝐴𝑡 2𝜋𝐻(ℎ2 −ℎ1 )
𝑟 𝐻
 𝐾=
𝑞 ln( 2⁄𝑟1 )  𝛥𝑞 = 𝑘
𝑁𝐷
𝜋(ℎ2 2 −ℎ1 2 )
𝐻𝑁𝐹 𝐻𝑛
 𝑄=𝑘  𝛥𝑞 = 𝑘
𝑁𝐷 𝑁𝐷

 ℎ=𝑧+
𝑢
+
𝑉2  𝜎 =𝜎 +𝑢 ′
Ɣ𝑤 2𝑔
 𝜎 = ℎƔ  𝑢 = ℎ𝑤 Ɣ𝑤
𝑄 𝑄 3
 𝜎𝑧 = 2 𝐼𝐵= 𝐼𝑊  𝐼𝐵 = 5
𝑧 𝑧2 2𝜋[1+(𝑟 ⁄𝑧)2 ] ⁄2
(1⁄𝜋) 𝑑𝑄 3𝑧 2
 𝐼𝑤 = 3  𝑑𝜎𝑧 =
[1+2(𝑟 ⁄𝑧)2 ] ⁄2 2𝜋 (𝑧 2 +𝑟 2 )5⁄2
 𝜎𝑧 = 𝑞𝐼  𝑛= ,𝑚=
𝑙 𝑏
𝑧 𝑧
 𝜎𝑧 = 𝑞(𝐼1 − 𝐼2 − 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 )  ∆𝜎𝑧 = (𝐵+𝑧)(𝐿+𝑧)
𝑄

 𝜎𝑧 = 𝐶𝑖 𝑁𝑞  𝜏 = 𝑐 + 𝜎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙
𝜎 −𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 3  𝜏𝐹 = 1 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2
 𝜃= +
𝜋 𝜙
 𝜎1 = 𝜎3 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
4 2
𝜎1 +𝜎3 𝜎1 −𝜎3 𝜕𝑒
 𝜎𝑛 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃  𝑎𝑣 =
2 2 𝜕𝜎𝑣
𝑎𝑣 𝑘𝑧
 𝑚𝑣 =  𝐶𝑣 =
1+𝑒 𝑚𝑣 Ɣ𝑤
 𝑇𝑣 =
𝜋 𝑈𝑎𝑣 % 2
( )  𝑇𝑣 = 1.781 − 0.933 log(100 −
4 100
𝑈𝑎𝑣 %)
𝑆 𝑢
 𝑈𝑣 = 1 −  𝑈𝑣 = 1 −
𝑆𝑡 𝑢0

2
 𝑒 𝑇90 𝐻𝑑2 0.848𝐻𝑑2
 𝑈𝑣 = 1 −  𝐶𝑣 = =
𝑒0 𝑡90 𝑡90
∆𝐻 ∆𝑒
 ∆𝑒 = (1 + 𝑒𝑜 )  𝑚𝑣 =
𝐻𝑜 ∆𝜎𝑣 (1+𝑒𝑜 )
𝑎
 𝑚𝑣 = (1+𝑒𝑣  𝑘 = 𝐶𝑣 𝑚𝑣 Ɣ𝑤
𝑜)

 𝐸=
1
 𝐻𝑜 = 𝐻′ − 𝜕
𝑚𝑣
𝐻𝑜 ∆𝐻
 𝐻𝑠 =  ∆𝑒 =
1+𝑒𝑜 𝐻𝑠

 𝑒𝑓 = 𝑒𝑜 − ∆𝑒  Hd=(Hi+Hf)/4
 ɤbulk OR wet=W/V  Hf=Hi-∆H
𝑒2 −𝑒1
 𝐶𝑐 =
log(𝜎1 )−log(𝜎2 )

Soil II Formulas
𝑞 Δ𝜎
 𝑁50 =  = 0.05
10 𝜎′
𝑝
 Δ𝜎 ′ = 𝜋  𝐷𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐷𝑓 + 𝐷
(𝐵+𝐷)2
4
𝑝 𝑃
 Δ𝜎 ′ = (𝐵+𝐷)(𝐿+𝐷)  𝑞=
𝐴

 𝐷𝑏 = 3𝑆 0.7  𝐷𝑏 = 6𝑆 0.7
350 2000
 N=𝑁 ′  𝐶𝑛 = 0.77log( )
(𝜎+70) 𝜎′
1
 𝐶𝑤 = (1 +
𝐷𝑤
)  𝑞𝑎 = 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑢 𝑞𝑡𝑝
2 𝐷+𝐵
𝑆𝑖 𝑁 𝑆𝑙 𝑁 𝐵+0.33 2
 𝑞𝑎 =  𝑞𝑎 = ( )
1.9 2.84 𝐵

 𝑞𝑎 =
𝑆𝑙 𝑁
 𝑍𝑖 = 𝑒 1.77𝑙𝑛𝐵
2.84
1.71 𝑆𝐿 2
 𝐼𝑐 =  𝑞𝑎 = + 𝜎′
𝑁1.4 0.7
𝐵 𝐼𝑐 3
𝐻 𝜎𝑜 +∆𝜎𝑜 1.5𝐶𝑟
 𝑆𝑖 = log( )  𝐶𝑠 =
𝐶𝑠 𝜎𝑜 𝜎𝑜

3
 2𝐵 𝐵
 𝑆𝐹 = 𝑆𝑝 ( )2  𝑆𝐹 = 𝑆𝑝 ( 𝐹 )
𝐵+𝐵𝑝 𝐵𝑝

 𝑆𝑅𝐹 = 𝑆𝐹 × 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟  𝑆𝑖 = 𝑞. 𝐵(

1−𝑣 2
)𝐼𝑡
𝐸𝑠

 S=𝑆𝑖𝑐 × 2  𝑆𝑖𝑐 =q(

1−𝑣 2
)(𝐼𝑡1 𝐵1 + 𝐼𝑡2 𝐵2 +. . +𝐼𝑛 𝐵𝑛 )
𝐸𝑠

1−𝑣 2 1−𝑣 2
 𝑆𝑖𝑐 = 𝑞. 𝐵( )𝐼𝑠  𝑆𝑖𝑐 =q( 𝐸𝑠
)(𝐼𝑠1 𝐵1 + 𝐼𝑠2 𝐵2 +. . +𝐼𝑠𝑛 𝐵𝑛 )
𝐸𝑠
′
𝜎𝑧𝑐 ′
𝜎𝑓𝑖𝑛
 𝑂𝐶𝑅 =  𝑆𝑐 =
𝐻𝑜
𝐶𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝜎𝑧𝑜 1+𝑒𝑜 𝜎𝑧𝑜
′ ′
𝐻𝑜 𝜎𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑜 𝜎𝑓𝑖𝑛
 𝑆𝑐 = 𝐶𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔  𝑆𝑐 = [𝐶𝑟 log(𝑂𝐶𝑅 ) + 𝐶𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
1+𝑒𝑜 𝜎𝑧𝑜 1+𝑒𝑜 𝜎𝑧𝑐

 𝐶𝑐 = 0.009(𝐿𝐿 − 10)  𝐶𝑐 = 0.007(𝐿𝐿 − 10)

 𝑆𝑐 = 𝐻𝑚𝑣 ∆𝜎𝑧  ∆𝜎𝑧𝑜
′
=
𝑛(∆𝑧)=(𝑛−1)(∆𝑧)2 +(𝑛−2)(∆𝑧)3 +⋯+(∆𝑧)𝑛
𝑛+(𝑛−1)+(𝑛−2)+⋯+1
𝐻 𝜎 𝐻𝑜
 𝑆= 𝐶𝑐 log( )  ∆𝑠 = ∆𝑒
1+𝑒𝑜 𝜎0 (1+𝑒𝑜 )

 ∆𝑒 = 𝐶𝛼 log( 2)
𝑡
 𝑞𝑓 = 0.5ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ + 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + ɣ𝐷𝑁𝑞
𝑡1

 𝑞𝑢 = 0.4ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ + 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞  𝑞𝑢 = 0.3ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ + 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞

𝑊𝐷+𝑙 +𝑊𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 +𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑟 𝑞𝑢 −𝑞𝑠𝑢𝑟
 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝑞𝑢
=  𝑞𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑡) =
𝐹𝑆 𝐴 𝐹𝑆
𝑞𝑢
 𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 = + ɣ𝐷𝑓  𝑞𝑢 = 0.5ɣ′ 𝐵𝑁ɣ 𝑠ɣ 𝑑ɣ 𝑖ɣ +
𝐹𝑆
𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 𝑠𝑐 𝑑𝑐 𝑖𝑐 + ɣ′ 𝐷𝑁𝑞 𝑠𝑞 𝑑𝑞 𝑖𝑞
𝐵 𝑁𝑞 𝑁
 𝑠𝑐 = 1 + ( )( )
𝐿 𝑁𝑐
 𝑠𝑐 = 1 + 𝑁𝑞
𝑐

 𝑠𝑞 = 1 + ( ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
𝐵  𝑠𝑞 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
𝐿
𝐵 𝐷𝑓
 𝑠ɣ = 1 − 0.4 ( )  𝑑𝑐 = 1 + 0.4
𝐿 𝐵
𝐷𝑓 𝐷𝑓
 𝑑𝑐 = 1 + 0.4𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )  𝑑𝑞 = 1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙)2
𝐵 𝐵

4
 𝑑𝑞 = 1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙(1 −  𝑖𝑐 = 𝑖𝑞 = (1 −
𝛽° 2
)
90°
𝐷𝑓
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝐵

 𝑖ɣ = (1 −
𝛽° 2
)  𝛽=𝜃
𝜙°

 𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 − 𝑁𝑐′ + ɣ𝐷𝑓 𝑁𝑞′ + 0.4ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ′  𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 − 𝑁𝑐′ + ɣ𝐷𝑓 𝑁𝑞′ + 0.4ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ′
 𝑞𝑢 = 5.7𝐶𝑢 + 𝑞  𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(5.7)𝐶𝑢 + 𝑞 = 7.41𝐶𝑢 + 𝑞

 ɣ𝐵 = ɣ𝑧 +ɣ′ (𝐵 − 𝑍)  ɣ𝐵 = ɣ𝑠𝑎𝑡 +ɣ′ (𝐵 − 𝑍)

 ɣ𝐷𝑓 = ɣ𝑧 +ɣ′ (𝐷𝑓 − 𝑍)  𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝑆𝑖 𝐸
+ ɣ𝐷𝑓
𝐵(1−𝑣 2 )𝐼𝑝

 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝑆𝑐
+ ɣ𝐷𝑓  𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 5.14𝑠𝑢 𝑠𝑐 𝑑𝑐
𝑚𝑣(1+𝐼)𝐻

 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = ɣ𝐷𝑓 (𝑁𝑞 − 1)𝑠𝑞 +  𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 5.14𝑠𝑢 𝑑𝑐 𝑖𝑐

0.5ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ 𝑠ɣ 𝑑ɣ

 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = ɣ𝐷𝑓 (𝑁𝑞 − 1)𝑑𝑞 𝑖𝑞 +  𝑁𝑞 = 𝑒 𝜋𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45° + ∅′ ⁄2)

0.5ɣ𝐵𝑁ɣ 𝑠ɣ 𝑑ɣ

 𝑁ɣ = (𝑁𝑞 − 1)tan(1.4∅′ )  𝑁ɣ = 1.5(𝑁𝑞 − 1)tan(∅′ )

 𝑁ɣ = 2(𝑁𝑞 − 1)tan(∅′ )  𝑠𝑐 = 1 + 0.2

𝐵
𝐿
𝐵 𝐷𝑓
 𝑠𝑞 = 𝑠ɣ = 1 + 0.1𝐾𝑝  𝑑𝑐 = 1 + 0.2
𝐿 𝐵
𝐷𝑓 ∅′ 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛∅′
 𝑑𝑞 = 𝑑ɣ = 1 + 0.1(√𝐾𝑝 )  𝐾𝑝 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45° + ) =
𝐵 2 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛∅′
𝜃 𝜃
 𝑖ɣ = (1 − ′)2  𝑖𝑐 = 𝑖𝑞 = (1 − )2
∅ 90°
𝛼0 sin 𝜃
 𝑖𝑐 = cos 𝜃 [1 − (1 − ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃]  𝑖𝑞 = 𝑖ɣ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃(1 − )
𝜋+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅′

 
 