STD – X CHAPTER TEST – 7_ C MARKS: 30 Time: 50 Min

Question 1: [TRIGINOMETRY]

(a) Prove that: sin$ A + cos )A = cos $A + sin) A

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐋𝐇𝐒: 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟒 𝐀

= sin$ A + (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀)$

= sin$ A + (𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀)$

⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 = 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀
= sin$ A + 1 − 2 sin$ A + sin) A
$ )
⇒ (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
= 1 − sin A + sin A

= 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝐀

= 𝐑𝐇𝐒

∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒

𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝
(b) Prove that: (sin A + cosec A)$ + (cos A + sec A)$ = 7 + tan$ A + cot $A

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐋𝐇𝐒: (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀)𝟐 + (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀)𝟐

⇒ (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
= sin$ A + 2 sin A ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + cosec $ A + cos $ A + 2 cos A ∙ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 + sec $ A
U U
⇒ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 = 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀
= (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀) + 2 sin A × + 2 cos A × + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀
VWX Y Z[V Y
⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 = 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝐀
= 1 + 2 + 2 + (1 + cot $ A) + (1 + tan$ A)
⇒ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 = 𝟏
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + cot $ A + 1 + tan$ A
𝟏
⇒ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 =
= 𝟕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
𝟏
= 𝐑𝐇𝐒 ⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒

𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝
 Z[V Y VWX Y
(c) Prove that: + = cos A + sin A
U _ `aX Y U _ Z[` Y

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
𝐋𝐇𝐒: +
𝟏 _ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝟏 _ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀

Z[V Y VWX Y
= cde f + ghc f
bU _ i bU _ cde f i 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
ghc f
⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 =
Z[V Y VWX Y 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
= ghc f j cde f + cde f j ghc f
b ghc f i b cde f
i 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
⇒ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 =
Z[V Y VWX Y
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
= cos A × b i + sin A × b i
Z[V Y _ VWX Y VWX Y _ Z[V Y

Z[Vk Y VWXk Y
= +
Z[V Y _ VWX Y 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 _ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

Z[Vk Y VWXk Y
= −
Z[V Y _ VWX Y 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 _ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

Z[Vk Y _ VWXk Y
=
Z[V Y _ VWX Y

(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 _ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀)(Z[V Y l VWX Y)

= (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 _ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀)

= (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀)
⇒ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
= 𝐑𝐇𝐒

∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒 𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝

 Z[VnZ Y _ U U _ VWX Y
(d) Prove that: m =
Z[VnZ Y l U Z[V Y

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
o
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 _ 𝟏 _ U
𝐋𝐇𝐒: m = cde f
⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐀 − 𝟏 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝐀
ghc f
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 l 𝟏
cde f

(Z[VnZ Y _ U) (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 _ 𝟏)
o j cde f
𝟏
= m(Z[VnZ Y l U) × (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 _ 𝟏) = cde f ⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 =
ghc f 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
cde f

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
(Z[VnZ Y _ U)k U _ VWX Y 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 ⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐀 =
= m (Z[VnZkY _ U) = × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 Z[V Y

(Z[VnZ Y _ U)k 𝟏 _ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀

= m =
Z[`k Y 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀

Z[VnZ Y _ U
= = 𝐑𝐇𝐒
Z[` Y

∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒

𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝
 $VWXk q _ U
(e) Prove that: tan θ − cot θ =
VWX q ∙ Z[V q

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐋𝐇𝐒: 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉

VWX q Z[V q
= −
Z[V q VWX q

VWXk q _ Z[Vk q
=
VWX q ∙ Z[V q

VWXk q _ (U _ VWXk q)
=
VWX q ∙ Z[V q

VWXk q _ U l VWXk q
=
VWX q ∙ Z[V q

𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝛉 _ 𝟏
=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉

= 𝐑𝐇𝐒

∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 𝐑𝐇𝐒

𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝
Question 2: [PROBABILITY]

(a) A box contains 6 blue, 4 white and 8 red marbles. If a marble is drawn at random from the box, what is the probability that it will be:

(𝑖) White? (𝑖𝑖) Red? (𝑖𝑖𝑖) Neither a white nor a red?

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝒏(𝐁𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬) = 𝟔, 𝒏(𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬) = 𝟒, 𝒏(𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬) = 𝟖

∴ 𝒏(𝐒) = 𝟔 + 𝟒 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟖
𝒏(𝐖) 𝟒 𝟐
(𝒊) 𝐏(𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟏𝟖 𝟗

𝒏(𝐑) 𝟖 𝟒
(𝒊𝒊) 𝐏(𝐑𝐞𝐝) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟏𝟖 𝟗

𝒏(𝐁) 𝟔 𝟏
(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝐏(𝐍𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐑𝐞𝐝) = 𝐏(𝐁𝐥𝐮𝐞) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟏𝟖 𝟑
(b) A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting:

(𝑖) an odd number (𝑖𝑖) a number greater than 4 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) a number less than 5

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔} ∴ 𝒏(𝐒) = 𝟔

(𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐝𝐝 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫

𝐄 = {𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄) = 𝟑
𝒏(𝐄) 𝟑 𝟏
∴ 𝐏(𝐄) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟔 𝟐

(𝒊𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟏 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟒

𝐄𝟏 = {𝟓, 𝟔} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) = 𝟐
𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) 𝟐 𝟏
∴ 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟔 𝟑

(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟐 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟓

𝐄𝟐 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟐 ) = 𝟒
𝒏(𝐄𝟐 ) 𝟒 𝟐
∴ 𝐏(𝐄𝟐 ) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟔 𝟑
(c) A bag contains 25 cards, numbered through 1 to 25, A card is drawn at random. What is the probability that the number on the card drawn is:
(𝑖) multiple of 5. (𝑖𝑖) a perfect square (𝑖𝑖𝑖) a prime number?

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … … 𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟒, 𝟐𝟓} ∴ 𝒏(𝐒) = 𝟐𝟓

(𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟓

𝐄 = {𝟓, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟓, 𝟐𝟎, 𝟐𝟓} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄) = 𝟓

𝒏(𝐄) 𝟓 𝟏
𝐏(𝐄) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟐𝟓 𝟓

(𝒊𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟏 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞

𝐄𝟏 = {𝟏, 𝟒, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) = 𝟓

𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) 𝟓 𝟏
𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟐𝟓 𝟓

(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟐 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫

𝐄𝟐 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟕, 𝟏𝟗, 𝟐𝟑} ∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟐 ) = 𝟗

𝒏(𝐄𝟐 ) 𝟗
𝐏(𝐄𝟐 ) = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟐𝟓
(d) Three unbiased coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting:

(𝑖) two tails (𝑖𝑖) at least two tails

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 = {𝐇𝐇𝐇, 𝐇𝐇𝐓, 𝐇𝐓𝐇, 𝐓𝐇𝐇, 𝐓𝐓𝐓, 𝐓𝐓𝐇, 𝐓𝐇𝐓, 𝐇𝐓𝐓} ∴ 𝒏(𝐒) = 𝟖

(𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟏 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟐 𝐓𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬

𝐄𝟏 = {𝐓𝐓𝐇, 𝐓𝐇𝐓, 𝐇𝐓𝐓}

∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) = 𝟑
𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) 𝟑
∴ 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟖

(𝒊𝒊) 𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝟏 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝟐 𝐓𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬

𝐄𝟏 = {𝐓𝐓𝐓, 𝐓𝐓𝐇, 𝐓𝐇𝐓, 𝐇𝐓𝐓}

∴ 𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) = 𝟒
𝒏(𝐄𝟏 ) 𝟒 𝟏
∴ 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) = = =
𝒏(𝐒) 𝟖 𝟐
(e) A bag contains 4 green, 12 red and 𝑥 yellow balls. Express in terms of 𝑥 the probability of drawing a yellow ball. When a ball is drawn, the probability of
getting yellow ball is double that of green ball. (𝑖) find the number of yellow balls (𝑖𝑖) probability of drawing red ball.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

(𝒊) 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐘𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = 𝒙, 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = 𝟒, 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = (𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒 + 𝒙) = (𝟏𝟔 + 𝒙)

𝒙
∴ 𝐏(𝐘𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥) =
𝟏𝟔 l 𝒙

𝟒
∴ P(Green Ball) =
𝟏𝟔 l 𝒙

∴ 𝐏(𝐘𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥) = 𝟐 × 𝐏(𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥)

š )
=2×
𝟏𝟔 l 𝒙 𝟏𝟔 l 𝒙

𝑥 =2×4

𝒙=𝟖

∴ 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐘𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 = 𝟖

𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
(𝒊𝒊) 𝐏(𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐥) = = =
𝟏𝟔 l 𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟐