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SLP - Science - Grade 8 - Q2 - LP 5
SLP - Science - Grade 8 - Q2 - LP 5
I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
The earth, similar to the structure of other terrestrial planets in the solar
system, is also composed of different layers; crust, mantle and core. We are more
familiar with the Earth’s crust since it is the outermost part and scientists did
comprehensive study on it. But how about the mantle and the core, how do you think
the scientists are able to discover and illustrate these parts if no one was able to
reach these layers of the earth?
In this learner’s packet, you will learn how scientists used earthquake waves in
studying the earth’s interior. You will learn about how the energy from the focus of
the earthquake travel inside the earth as seismic waves. Hence, you will perform
activities that will help you understand what seismic wave is and how it propagates
inside the earth. Moreover, you will know that despite the devastating effect of an
earthquake, it still helps our scientists understand the planet we live in.
III. ACTIVITIES
A. Elicit
Picture A Picture B
Question:
B. Engage
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7.2 Quake hits Bohol-PHIVOLCS
By: Frances Mangosing, Nestor P. Burgos Jr. –October 15, 2013 8:39 AM
CEBU CITY, Philippines — A tectonic 7.2 magnitude quake was recorded near
Bohol Tuesday morning with aftershocks expected, authorities said.
Initial reports said that four people had died. The quake was recorded from
two to five kilometers southeast of Carmen town at 8:12 a.m., the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology and the United States Geological Service reported.
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PHIVOLCS said the earthquake had a depth of 33 kilometers. The tremor lasted for a minute and
triggered a blackout. Several aftershocks were felt.
According to initial reports, some houses and buildings were damaged. The earthquake was felt in parts of
Visayas and Mindanao:
Intensity VI – Hinigaran, Negros Occidental
Intensity V- Iloilo, City
Intensity IV – Masbate City
Intensity III – Davao City
Damages were also expected from the quake, PHIVOLCS said.
Source: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net
You can also watch the news just visit this link: https://youtu.be/1qyYYO3McbE.com
Questions:
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C. Explore
Activity 1: Investigating Earthquake Waves
Direction: Analyze the picture below for you to understand what seismic wave is and
how it travels through the earth, then answer the questions that follow.
Legend:
- Earthquake’s focus
- Body wave
- Surface wave
- Seismic station
Guide Questions
Seismic waves carry large amount of energy that travels inside and on the
surface of the earth, this energy may cause distortion and movement in any
object it passes through.
In the next activity you learn how seismic waves affects the medium it
propagates.
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Activity 2: Understanding P waves and S waves.
Seismic waves propagate/ travel through the earth in different ways, these
waves are studied based from how they affect the materials they passed through. In
this activity you will learn the two types of Body waves, your task is to differentiate
the characteristics of these waves based from how they propagate.
Seismic waves are also known as earthquake waves. There are two main
types of seismic waves: Body waves and Surface waves. Body waves travel in the
interior part of the earth while Surface wave propagates in the surface of the earth.
There are two types of body wave, these are the P (Primary) wave and S
(Secondary) wave.
P wave travel fastest of all the waves, they are also unique in the aspect that
they can travel in all through all states of matter. P waves are considered push-pull
waves, they push and pull the rocks it moves through just like how sound waves
push and pull the air.
S wave travel slower than P wave. They cannot travel in liquids and in gases.
S wave move rock particles up and down or side to side perpendicular to the
direction that the wave is traveling.
P WAVE S WAVE
Direction of particles
Direction of particles
P wave
S Wave
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The characteristics of P waves and S waves help scientists decipher what
is Earth made of. In the activity, you will learn how these waves propagates as
they pass through different layers of the planet.
Legend:
- Earthquake’s focus
- P wave
- S wave
1. Similar to other kinds of waves, seismic waves refracted or bended when they
pass a certain medium (solid, liquid, or gas) due to increase or decrease in its
speed. What does the bending of Seismic waves imply about the
composition/structure of the earth?
______________________________________________________________
2. What happens to S wave when it reaches the outer core? What does it tell to
the composition of this layer?
______________________________________________________________
3. Explain how the propagation of Seismic waves provide information about the
earth’s interior.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Seismic waves can really change what we already know about the
earth. We will deepen your understanding about the concepts as you proceed
to the next part.
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D. Explain
How did you find the activity? This time, try to understand the following ideas or
concepts for you to confirm the results of the activities you have performed.
Based from the activity you performed, you learned that seismic waves begin
on the focus of the earthquake then propagated inside and on the surface of the
earth. Hence, seismic waves are categorized based from the location where it
propagates, the waves that travel in the earth’s interior are called Body waves while
the waves that travel on the earth’s surface are Surface waves. Therefore, Seismic
waves can be defined as wave of energy generated during an earthquake and
propagated from the focus to the different parts of the earth. Seismic waves carry
large amount of energy that can affect any material that it passed through. Surface
waves caused most damages on people, structures, and natural environment since
they travel on the surface of the earth.
Body waves are classified into P wave and S wave. These waves can be
distinguished based from how they affect the materials they passed through. For
example, when P wave propagates it move the object forward and backward like the
movement of a slinky toy while S wave will push the materials up and down similar to
an ocean wave. The properties of material also affect how the waves travel, as the
waves travel through different densities, the waves can be refracted, changing the
speed of its propagation. Because of the different behavior of waves in different
material, seismologist can deduce the type of material the waves are travelling
through.
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together in spite of very high temperature. As the waves enter the core, S wave
disappears, this suggest that the outer core is liquid. P wave on the other hand,
slows down in the outer core gains speed again when it reached the inner core. This
suggest that the center of the planet is solid.
E. Elaborate/Extend
YOUR TASK:
In a short size bond paper, create
one infographic about earthquakes and
give instruction on what to do during
and after an earthquake.
Your output will be assessed using
the rubric in page no. 11. Good luck!
Great job! You have completed your task. If you need some clarifications
feel free to ask your teacher.
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F. Evaluate
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which statement best defines seismic waves?
a. Wave of energy released during an earthquake and travel to earth at a
constant velocity.
b. Wave of energy caused by the released in the epicenter of the
earthquake then propagates inside the earth.
c. Wave of energy that originates from the epicenter of the earthquake and
propagate to the surface of the earth.
d. Wave of energy that originates from the focus of the earthquake then
radiates within and in the surface of the earth.
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c. seismic wave travel through the earth at a constant velocity.
d. seismic wave changes the properties and composition of rocks it passes
through.
Hooray, you have finished your lesson about seismic waves! Please check
your answers by referring to the answer key. If you scored lower than 4, please go
over the earlier parts of this module and take on the activities once again. If you
scored 4 or above, you are now ready for the next module. CONGRATULATIONS!
TOTAL
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V. ANSWER KEY
A. Elicit
1. LONGITUDINAL WAVE
2. TRANSVERSE WAVE
B. Engage
1. The affected places based from the news are Hinigaran, Negros Occidental,
Iloilo City, Masbate City, and Davao City.
2. The earthquake was also felt in these places since earthquake releases
energy that can travel at different places on the surface of the earth.
3. Energy released by an earthquake travel in a form of waves, these waves
pass through the surface and within the earth as a result the epicenter will not
only feel the earthquake but the places near to it.
C. Explore
Exploration 1
1. The seismic waves begin or originate from the focus of the earthquake.
2. Body waves travel inside the earth while surface waves travel on the surface
of the earth.
3. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus,
through the earth’s interior and across the surface
4. (students answers vary) Seismic waves are waves of energy generated by
earthquake and can travel/propagate inside and on the surface of the earth.
Exploration 2:
Exploration 3
1. The bending of seismic wave suggests that it changes its speed due to the
densities of the material it passes through. Thus, the behavior of the wave
tells that the earth is not uniform but layered.
2. When S wave reached the outer core of the planet it disappears, this
suggests that the outer core is liquid since S wave cannot propagate in this
state of matter.
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3. (students answers vary) The change in the speed of seismic waves
propagation helps scientists deduce that the earth is composed of different
layers, and these layers is made of different composition and properties.
D. Elaborate/ Extend
Rubric shall be used to assess your infographics. (refer to page 11)
F. Evaluate
1. D 3. C 5. B
2. D 4. A
Your journey through these lessons has been an additional experience. Try to make
a reflection by completing the following statements:
3. I enjoyed a lot in
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
VI. REFLECTION
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VII. REFERENCES
Campo, Pia C, et.al. “Earth and Space.” In Science 8 Learners Material, 115–36. Pasig
Ciity, Philippines: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council
Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS), 2013.
Campo, Pia C, et.al. “Earth and Space.” In Science 8 Teachers Guide, 115–36. Pasig Ciity,
Philippines: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
(DepEd-IMCS), 2013.
Acosta, Herma, et al. Science 10-Learners Material. 1st ed., Department of Education, pp.
47–51.
Mangosing, Frances D. 7.2 quake hits Bohol. News Article, Visayas: Inquirer.net, 2013,
1.
Photos:
Fault model from http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks2 geography-
earthquakes-12196924
Propagation of Seismic waves from Adapted from
https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Compressional_wave
Layers of the Earth from
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-earth-layer-
layer
Sample Infographics from https://coronavirus.wa.gov/partner-
toolkit/infographic-library-black-and-white
Video clips:
https://youtu.be/1qyYYO3McbE.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFU3_mZdGfY
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