Name of the Student__________________________________________________

Learning Area/Grade Level: ___________________________________________

Date: ___________________________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
The earth, similar to the structure of other terrestrial planets in the solar
system, is also composed of different layers; crust, mantle and core. We are more
familiar with the Earth’s crust since it is the outermost part and scientists did
comprehensive study on it. But how about the mantle and the core, how do you think
the scientists are able to discover and illustrate these parts if no one was able to
reach these layers of the earth?

In this learner’s packet, you will learn how scientists used earthquake waves in
studying the earth’s interior. You will learn about how the energy from the focus of
the earthquake travel inside the earth as seismic waves. Hence, you will perform
activities that will help you understand what seismic wave is and how it propagates
inside the earth. Moreover, you will know that despite the devastating effect of an
earthquake, it still helps our scientists understand the planet we live in.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM THE MELC

MELC: Explain how earthquake waves provides information about the interior of
the earth. (S8ES-IIc-17)
Objectives:
1. Define seismic waves.
2. Describe how seismic wave propagates.
3. Differentiate the characteristics of P waves and S waves.
4. Explain how earthquake waves provides information about the interior of
the earth.

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Elicit

In Grade 7, you learned that a wave is a disturbance in a medium that

carries energy from one point to another without a net movement of particles. You
also learned that waves can be categorized based from the way it travels or
propagate.
Recall what you have learned about waves by answering the activity
below. This concept will guide you to understand the concept of seismic waves.
1
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
Direction: Fill in the blanks with missing letters to identify the type of wave described
in each picture.

Picture A Picture B

Figure 3. Types of Mechanical Waves

Adapted from https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Compressional_wave

Question:

1. Which of the two picture represents a longitudinal wave? A transverse

wave? How will you differentiate the two types of mechanical waves?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Earthquake is characterized by the extreme shaking of earth’s ground

which can cause destruction of properties and loss of lives. These damages are
mostly experienced in the Earthquake’s epicenter. But how is it possible that the
trembling is also felt in different places?
Perform the next activity for you to understand how energy from an
earthquake travels in the earth in a form of a wave.

B. Engage

According to PHIVOLCS, there is an average of 100 to 150

Earthquakes that is felt in the Philippines a year, and one of the
strongest tremors happened last October 15, 2013. Are you curious
of what happened that day? Read the news article below and
answer the questions that follow.

2
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 7.2 Quake hits Bohol-PHIVOLCS
By: Frances Mangosing, Nestor P. Burgos Jr. –October 15, 2013 8:39 AM

CEBU CITY, Philippines — A tectonic 7.2 magnitude quake was recorded near
Bohol Tuesday morning with aftershocks expected, authorities said.
Initial reports said that four people had died. The quake was recorded from
two to five kilometers southeast of Carmen town at 8:12 a.m., the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology and the United States Geological Service reported.
2wqqq1y
PHIVOLCS said the earthquake had a depth of 33 kilometers. The tremor lasted for a minute and
triggered a blackout. Several aftershocks were felt.

According to initial reports, some houses and buildings were damaged. The earthquake was felt in parts of
Visayas and Mindanao:
 Intensity VI – Hinigaran, Negros Occidental
 Intensity V- Iloilo, City
 Intensity IV – Masbate City
 Intensity III – Davao City
Damages were also expected from the quake, PHIVOLCS said.
Source: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net
You can also watch the news just visit this link: https://youtu.be/1qyYYO3McbE.com

Questions:

1. What are the affected places based on the news?

__________________________________________________________
2. According to the news, the epicenter of the earthquake was in the
municipality of Carmen in Bohol but why is it that the tremor was also felt
in Davao City, Masbate City, and Iloilo City which are far from Bohol?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. How do earthquakes affect other places aside from the epicenter?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

The movement in the fault created earthquake which then

generates energy that travel as seismic waves.
You will learn about seismic waves as you do the activit ies.

3
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 C. Explore
Activity 1: Investigating Earthquake Waves
Direction: Analyze the picture below for you to understand what seismic wave is and
how it travels through the earth, then answer the questions that follow.

Legend:

- Earthquake’s focus
- Body wave
- Surface wave

- Seismic station

Figure 2. Seismic wave propagation in the earth.

Guide Questions

1. Where do seismic waves originate? ____________________

2. Seismic waves are classified into body waves and surface waves, how
do these waves differ from each other based from the location they
travel?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Starting from the focus, how are body waves and surface waves
propagates in the earth?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Based from your answers, how do you define seismic waves?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Seismic waves carry large amount of energy that travels inside and on the
surface of the earth, this energy may cause distortion and movement in any
object it passes through.
In the next activity you learn how seismic waves affects the medium it
propagates.

4
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
Activity 2: Understanding P waves and S waves.

Seismic waves propagate/ travel through the earth in different ways, these
waves are studied based from how they affect the materials they passed through. In
this activity you will learn the two types of Body waves, your task is to differentiate
the characteristics of these waves based from how they propagate.

Direction: Read carefully the paragraph. Differentiate the characteristics of P waves

and S waves by completing the table that follows.

Seismic waves are also known as earthquake waves. There are two main
types of seismic waves: Body waves and Surface waves. Body waves travel in the
interior part of the earth while Surface wave propagates in the surface of the earth.
There are two types of body wave, these are the P (Primary) wave and S
(Secondary) wave.
P wave travel fastest of all the waves, they are also unique in the aspect that
they can travel in all through all states of matter. P waves are considered push-pull
waves, they push and pull the rocks it moves through just like how sound waves
push and pull the air.
S wave travel slower than P wave. They cannot travel in liquids and in gases.
S wave move rock particles up and down or side to side perpendicular to the
direction that the wave is traveling.

P WAVE S WAVE

Direction of particles
Direction of particles

Direction of waves Direction of waves

Figure 3. Propagation of P waves and S waves.

Adapted from https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Compressional_wave

Types of Body Speed Medium Travelled

Movement/Motion
Waves (Fastest/Slowest) (solid, liquid & gas)

P wave

S Wave

5
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 The characteristics of P waves and S waves help scientists decipher what
is Earth made of. In the activity, you will learn how these waves propagates as
they pass through different layers of the planet.

Exploration 3: To the center of the Earth!

Direction: Study and Analyze the picture below, then answer the questions that
follow.

Legend:

- Earthquake’s focus
- P wave
- S wave

Figure 3. P wave and S wave propagation in the earth (not

drawn to scale)
Guide Questions

1. Similar to other kinds of waves, seismic waves refracted or bended when they
pass a certain medium (solid, liquid, or gas) due to increase or decrease in its
speed. What does the bending of Seismic waves imply about the
composition/structure of the earth?
______________________________________________________________
2. What happens to S wave when it reaches the outer core? What does it tell to
the composition of this layer?
______________________________________________________________
3. Explain how the propagation of Seismic waves provide information about the
earth’s interior.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Seismic waves can really change what we already know about the
earth. We will deepen your understanding about the concepts as you proceed
to the next part.

6
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 D. Explain
How did you find the activity? This time, try to understand the following ideas or
concepts for you to confirm the results of the activities you have performed.

Based from the activity you performed, you learned that seismic waves begin
on the focus of the earthquake then propagated inside and on the surface of the
earth. Hence, seismic waves are categorized based from the location where it
propagates, the waves that travel in the earth’s interior are called Body waves while
the waves that travel on the earth’s surface are Surface waves. Therefore, Seismic
waves can be defined as wave of energy generated during an earthquake and
propagated from the focus to the different parts of the earth. Seismic waves carry
large amount of energy that can affect any material that it passed through. Surface
waves caused most damages on people, structures, and natural environment since
they travel on the surface of the earth.

Body waves are classified into P wave and S wave. These waves can be
distinguished based from how they affect the materials they passed through. For
example, when P wave propagates it move the object forward and backward like the
movement of a slinky toy while S wave will push the materials up and down similar to
an ocean wave. The properties of material also affect how the waves travel, as the
waves travel through different densities, the waves can be refracted, changing the
speed of its propagation. Because of the different behavior of waves in different
material, seismologist can deduce the type of material the waves are travelling
through.

The behavior of seismic waves

as it propagates to different materials
helps seismologists assume that the
composition of the planet is not uniform
throughout but layered. In the
lithosphere, composed of the crust and
the uppermost part of the mantle,
seismic waves travel fast at this rocky
layer indicating that this part is solid.
Below the lithosphere, the seismic
waves slow down, this suggest due to Figure 4. Layers of the earth
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-earth-layer-layer

high temperature molten rocks in this

layer behave like fluid. Scientists call this region as Asthenosphere. Below the
asthenosphere, seismic waves increase its speed again indicating that the lower part
of the mantle is solid. This probably because of the pressure keeps the material

7
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
together in spite of very high temperature. As the waves enter the core, S wave
disappears, this suggest that the outer core is liquid. P wave on the other hand,
slows down in the outer core gains speed again when it reached the inner core. This
suggest that the center of the planet is solid.

E. Elaborate/Extend

Earthquakes are devastating phenomena but occurs naturally, since we

cannot predict when the earthquake will happen, it is better that we are prepared.
To apply what you have learned in the lesson about Earthquakes your
assignment is to accomplish this Performance Task.

Read and understand the situation below.

The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (PDRRMO),
instructed all Municipal DRRMO to make a campaign that will help people
prepare in case that an earthquake happen. As the Team Leader of the
MDRRMO, your task is to create an INFORGRAPHIC that includes details about
Earthquakes and instruction of what to do during and after an earthquake.

Example of info graphics

What is Infographic?
“a visual representation of
information or data”. In a detailed
definition, an infographic is a collection
of imagery, charts, and minimal text
that gives an easy-to-understand
overview of a topic.

YOUR TASK:
In a short size bond paper, create
one infographic about earthquakes and
give instruction on what to do during
and after an earthquake.
Your output will be assessed using
the rubric in page no. 11. Good luck!

Great job! You have completed your task. If you need some clarifications
feel free to ask your teacher.

8
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 F. Evaluate

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which statement best defines seismic waves?
a. Wave of energy released during an earthquake and travel to earth at a
constant velocity.
b. Wave of energy caused by the released in the epicenter of the
earthquake then propagates inside the earth.
c. Wave of energy that originates from the epicenter of the earthquake and
propagate to the surface of the earth.
d. Wave of energy that originates from the focus of the earthquake then
radiates within and in the surface of the earth.

2. How does the energy of an earthquake travel through the earth?

a. Seismic waves stay in the focus then travel in the earth’s interior.
b. Seismic waves move toward the focus and epicenter then move out in all
direction.
c. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake toward the focus,
through the earth’s interior and across the surface.
d. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus,
through the earth’s interior and across the surface.
Refer to the box below to answer items 3 and 4.

I- side to side, Perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

II- back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travel
III- Travel fastest
IV- Travel faster than surface wave
V- Can propagate through solid, liquid and gas.
VI- Can propagate in solids only

3. Which characteristics describe the propagation of P waves in the earth?

a. II, IV, VI c. II, III, V
b. I, V, III d. I, III, V

4. Which characteristics describe the propagation of S waves in the earth?

a. I, IV, VI c. II, IV, V
b. II, V, III d. I, III, V

5. Why do scientists use seismic waves in studying the composition of the

interior of the Earth? Scientist use seismic waves because __________
a. seismic wave release materials from within the earth.
b. seismic wave travel at different rates at different materials.

9
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 c. seismic wave travel through the earth at a constant velocity.
d. seismic wave changes the properties and composition of rocks it passes
through.

Hooray, you have finished your lesson about seismic waves! Please check
your answers by referring to the answer key. If you scored lower than 4, please go
over the earlier parts of this module and take on the activities once again. If you
scored 4 or above, you are now ready for the next module. CONGRATULATIONS!

IV. RUBRIC FOR SCORING

This Rubric shall be used to assess your Infographic Output.
CRITERIA OUTSTANDING VERY SATISFACTORY POOR
4 SATISFACTORY 2 1
3
Content Infographic Infographics is Infographics is No
All information reflects student mostly done but partially done Infographics
from the creativity and some information made
instructions effort and or content is
given are on the completely missing
infographics done.
(Weight x 2)
Work quality / The work done The work was Work is done Work is done
effort demonstrates done with good with fair effort; with little
(Weight x 2) full effort that effort that shows quality is still not effort, quality
the learner is what the learner what the learner is not what
proud of. The is capable of. It is is capable of. It is the learner is
effort that was evident that time evident that the capable of. It
put into this task was put into this work missing is evident
is the best it can poster. elements. that the work
be. was rushed
and little time
was spent on
the final
project. Work
is
incomplete.
Attractiveness The The Infographics The Infographics The
attractive in Infographics is is attractive in is acceptably Infographics
terms of design, exceptionally, terms of design, attractive, though is
layout and detailed in layout and it may be a bit distractedly
neatness terms of design, neatness unorganized messy or
(Weight x 1) layout and poorly
neatness. designed.

TOTAL

10
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
V. ANSWER KEY
A. Elicit
1. LONGITUDINAL WAVE
2. TRANSVERSE WAVE
B. Engage
1. The affected places based from the news are Hinigaran, Negros Occidental,
Iloilo City, Masbate City, and Davao City.
2. The earthquake was also felt in these places since earthquake releases
energy that can travel at different places on the surface of the earth.
3. Energy released by an earthquake travel in a form of waves, these waves
pass through the surface and within the earth as a result the epicenter will not
only feel the earthquake but the places near to it.
C. Explore
Exploration 1
1. The seismic waves begin or originate from the focus of the earthquake.
2. Body waves travel inside the earth while surface waves travel on the surface
of the earth.
3. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus,
through the earth’s interior and across the surface
4. (students answers vary) Seismic waves are waves of energy generated by
earthquake and can travel/propagate inside and on the surface of the earth.

Exploration 2:

Types of Body Speed Medium Travelled

Movement/Motion
Waves (Fastest/Slower) (solid, liquid & gas)

fastest Solids, liquid & gas Push-Pull

P wave

Slower Solid Side to side

S Wave

Exploration 3
1. The bending of seismic wave suggests that it changes its speed due to the
densities of the material it passes through. Thus, the behavior of the wave
tells that the earth is not uniform but layered.
2. When S wave reached the outer core of the planet it disappears, this
suggests that the outer core is liquid since S wave cannot propagate in this
state of matter.

11
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
 3. (students answers vary) The change in the speed of seismic waves
propagation helps scientists deduce that the earth is composed of different
layers, and these layers is made of different composition and properties.
D. Elaborate/ Extend
Rubric shall be used to assess your infographics. (refer to page 11)
F. Evaluate
1. D 3. C 5. B
2. D 4. A

Your journey through these lessons has been an additional experience. Try to make
a reflection by completing the following statements:

1. I have learned that

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. I realized that
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. I enjoyed a lot in
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. I wish to ask my teacher

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

VI. REFLECTION

12
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5
VII. REFERENCES

Campo, Pia C, et.al. “Earth and Space.” In Science 8 Learners Material, 115–36. Pasig
Ciity, Philippines: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council
Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS), 2013.

Campo, Pia C, et.al. “Earth and Space.” In Science 8 Teachers Guide, 115–36. Pasig Ciity,
Philippines: Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
(DepEd-IMCS), 2013.

Acosta, Herma, et al. Science 10-Learners Material. 1st ed., Department of Education, pp.
47–51.

Mangosing, Frances D. 7.2 quake hits Bohol. News Article, Visayas: Inquirer.net, 2013,
1.
Photos:
Fault model from http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks2 geography-
earthquakes-12196924
Propagation of Seismic waves from Adapted from
https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Compressional_wave
Layers of the Earth from
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-earth-layer-
layer
Sample Infographics from https://coronavirus.wa.gov/partner-
toolkit/infographic-library-black-and-white

Video clips:

https://youtu.be/1qyYYO3McbE.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFU3_mZdGfY

SMILE LEARNER’S PACKET DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer: MEL JOHN P. GUAN

Reviewers: ROWENA C. DE LEON

ERICK F. GAYANES
CHRISTY BLANCA G. LOBERIA
ESTER T. GONZALES
VENJO L. LESANO
ERNESTO B. GILE JR.
JOHN BRYAN M. EVASCO

Layout Artist: APRIL R. GERSALIA

Editor: CHRISTINA GUANIZO

13
RO_Science_Grade 8_Q2_LP 5