OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Mention two Directive Principles with reference to Standard of living of citizens?
Answer:
The Directive Principles related to standard of living are :

(a) There should be an adequate means of livelihood for all its citizens.
(b) It is important to ensure that every citizen enjoys a decent standard of living and
leisure.

Question 2.
Explain briefly what is Gandhian Principles?
Answer:
During the freedom movement, Gandhiji had worked out a plan for social development.
Some of his ideas were included as Directive Principles, these are known as Gandhian
Principles.
Ramananda, Guru Nanak Dev ji.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Why was the Bhakti movement revived and strengthened in the Medieval Period?

Answer:
The Bhakti movement revived and strengthened during the Medieval Period as people
got attracted to the principles of equality, one God, universal brotherhood and respect
for all religions. This movements provided conducive conditions for peaceful and
harmonious co-existence of the Hindus and Muslims.

Question 2.
What
are the main principles of Sikhism?
Answer:
The main principles of Sikhism are:

(a) There is only one God and he is the creator of this universe.
All human beings are equal. The caste system must be rejected and the principles of
universal brotherhood must be followed.
(c) Everyone should lead a good and pure life based on truth and kindness, and discard
idol worship-and ritualism.
(d) True spiritual knowledge can be gained under the guidance of a guru.

Question 3.
Why is the Sikh religion also referred to as Gurumat?
Answer:
In Sikh religion Guru acquires the central position. The word sikhis derived from a word
which means disciple, so Sikhism is also referred to as Gurumat means guru's doctrine.

Question 4.
What provoked Guru Govind Singh to infuse his followers with the martial spirit?

Answer:
To save the people from cruelty of Mughal rulers, Guru Govind Singh infused his
followers with the martial spirit.

Question 5.
Throw some light on how the Sufis came to India?
Answer:
The Sufis came to India with the Turks in the 12th century. As the course of time went
on, they absorbed Buddhist and Hindu influences and were greatly respected by the
Muslims as well as the Hindus.

Question 6.
Who was the founder of the Sufi movement in India?

Answer:
The founder of the Sufi movement in India was Moinuddin Chisti. His dargah in Ajmer is
an important pilgrimage centre for both the Muslims and the Hindus.
 OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What role did Nur Jahan play in the administrative affairs of the empire?
Answer:
Nur Jahan was the power behind the throne. Jahangir consulted her on all the matters
related to the administration. Slowly she became the virtual ruler of the empire.

Question 2.
How did Aurangzeb come to power?
Answer:
Aurangzeb with the help of his brother Murad defeated Dara and executed him. Then he
imprisoned his father in the Agra Fort and occupied the throne.
Question 3.
When and where Jahangir give permission to set up trading posts to English East India
Company?
Answer:
Jahangir gave permission to English East India company to set up trading posts in AD
1618 at Surat and Broach.

Question 4.
Give reason to show Jahangir was a great lover of justice?
Answer:
Jahangir was a great ruler who was always concerned about the welfare of his people
and did his best to provide them justice. For this he had installed a 'chain of justice'
made of pure gold with sixty bells attached to it, between his palace and the bank of the
Yamuna. Anybody could ring that bell and ask for justice and Jahangir would personally
listen to the complaints and gave solution for it.
 Understanding the Poem
come to cut down the
1. Ihe speaker of this poem is a tree. The tree is addressing a woodcutter who has
tree.

2. In this context, the word'open-hearted' means wounded, hurt and open to pain and damage.
3. a. The speaker asks the cutter to put his ear to the bark so that he can try to hear the soft sound or
the sap fiowing inside the tree.
b. The speaker also requests the cutter to listen to the flutter of the tree's leaves and try to imagine
the heartbeat of the tree.
c. In the third stanza, the speaker asks the cutter whether he would turn the living tree into
timber-if he would reduce the tree to a heap of logs and a pile of brash.
4 In the fourth and fifth stanzas, the speaker calls herselfa world, a city of butterflies and a country of
leaves,
creatures. She calls herselfa world because as a big and strong tree, with her fruits, flowers,
a world in herself.
branches and the different creatures that live in the tree and depend on her, she is tree. She is a
living near or in the
She is a city of butterflies as many butterflies must be visiting her, branches and roots, such as birds.
her
country of creatures as different kinds of creatures live among
squirrels and different kinds of insects.
that her world takes years to grow and seconds to destroy. She can
5. In the sixth stanza, the tree says
is mighty because she has grown big and strong Over the years.
be felled by an axe or a saw.The tree spite of her size and strength, a saw or an axe can break her
vulnerable as in
At the same time, she is
down in a very short time. sure whether she has been able to
she is not
asks this question because important question--it is
0 à. The speaker worries to the cutter. It is a very
communicate her thoughts and
 cutter can or cannot
hear the question-because only if he hears what
important whether the
has to say can he decide to not cut it down.
the tree
is, to understand the concerns and fear.
h To reallv hear the words of the speaker (the tree), that
thespeaker, the cutter needs patience, kindness and imagination. He needs to ston andt
of to see and imagine how stron
about how beneficial the tree is to different creatures; he needs
realise the things that the tree is saving and
and beautiful and important it is. Then only can he the tree speak.
decide to not cut the tree. He cannot ¡ctually hear