Question One

In the process of trenching for a sewer line in sandy soil at a depth of 1.5m, the top soils
frequently fall back and almost fill up the trench. As a supervisor of trenching in this
situation;
a. Explain using a neat labelled sketch how the trench can be protected to care for
the lives of workers. (10 marks)
b. Identify five factors that should be considered while carrying out the
precautionary measure in 1(a) (05 marks)
c. Write down five personal body protective gears that can give safety to workers
during the above works. (05 marks)
Question Two
a. Explain the term timbering in relation to trenches. (02marks)
b. Identify four main causes of collapse of trench walls during construction works.
(04 marks)
c. A water main was to be laid in a stable ground at a depth of 1.5 metres.
Assuming you are the Plumber to lay such a water main, produce a clear labelled
diagram of how you would ensure your Safety. (06 marks)
d. (i) Identify the four types of notices that the foreman should put on site when
supervising the above work against possible hazards. (04 marks)
(ii) State one example of each of the types of notices in 2(d)(i) above. (04 marks)
Question Three
a. Identify five factors one considers before carrying out an excavation when
timbering is likely to be applied. (10 marks)
b. State the difference between close and open timbering. (04 marks)
c. Using a well labelled sketch, illustrate a cross section of open timbering and state
the circumstance under which it can be applied. (06 marks)
Question Four
Below ground drainage system requires adequate access for inspections and cleaning in
case of blockages depending on the size of man holes.
a. (i) Identify four areas where manholes should be constructed. (04 marks)
(ii) Identify two types of manholes. (02 marks)
b. State four factors that dictate on the width and depth of an inspection chamber.
(04 marks)
 c. Produce a neat illustration of a precast concrete inspection chamber and on it
indicate the following; (10 marks)
(i) Benching
(ii) Cover slab
(iii) Concrete slab
(iv) Step irons
Question Five
a. Differentiate between each of the following as used in Plumbing.
(i) Sewage and sewerage (02 marks)
(ii) Sample and intermediate chambers (02 marks)
(iii) Water borne and non-water borne sewage systems (02 marks)
b. Effective ventilation of drains is an essential factor in drainage systems.
With the aid of a neat, well labelled sketch, describe how this is achieved
in the individual premises. (14 marks)