Industrial Training Report

Name : SYED Afaq Hussain Shah Gillani

Roll NO : 19au027

Industrial Training Course : supervised industrial training

Training Period : 16 Weeks

Training Organization : Pakistan Railway

1
Abstract
I have very good experience in Railway workshop. There are many types of work are
doing in the railway workshop. During the training I have coverd different shops like
Foundry shop, Tool shop, Power plant shop, Heat treatment shop,E&dc shop, Diesel
rehibition shop, Roller bearing shop, Diesel classified repair shop, Central Laboratory,
Power plant shop, Motor shop

In these shops I was different work experiences like material testing in Spectrometry
machine, Wheel Installation process, hardness and tensile making in furnace etc.

2
Acknowledgement

This Report has been prepared of the Industrial Training that has been done in the
Pakistan Railway Workshop to study the practical aspect of the course and
implementation of the theory in the field with the purpose of fulfilling the requirements
of the degree of BSc. Automotive Engineering Technology. I would like to express
my sincere gratitude to my teacher assistant professor Mr. Muhammad Shafi, ATC
Mr. Muhammad Ashraf in MET PR, all Forman, Charge man, and other staff
members who helped me for their support and encouragement.

Secondly I would also like to thanks my parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finishing this report within the limited time.

I am making this report not only for marks but to also increase my knowledge.

THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME.

3
Table of Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 2
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... 3
Ch no 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 7
Background .......................................................................................................................... 8
Hierarchy or Organogram .......................................................................................... 12
Chapter no 2 .......................................................................................................................... 13
Training Schedule ............................................................................................................... 13
Duties in different shop ..................................................................................................... 13
Ch. no 3 Work Experience ...................................................................................................... 23

Training Week: 1st ............................................................................................................. 23

Training Week: 2nd ............................................................................................................ 24

Training Week: 3rd............................................................................................................. 25

Training Week: 4th............................................................................................................. 26

Training Week: 5th............................................................................................................. 27

Training Week: 6th............................................................................................................. 28

Training Week: 7th............................................................................................................. 29

Training Week: 8th............................................................................................................. 30

Training Week: 9th............................................................................................................. 31

Training Week: 10th........................................................................................................... 33

th
Training Week: 11 ............................................................................................................ 34

Training Week: 12th........................................................................................................... 35

Training Week: 13th........................................................................................................... 36

Training Week: 14th........................................................................................................... 37

Training Week: 15th........................................................................................................... 38

Training Week: 16th........................................................................................................... 39

Training Week: 17th........................................................................................................... 40

Ch. No 4 Project Carried Out .................................................................................................. 42
Projects .............................................................................................................................. 42
Project 1: How to Do the Spectrometer Analysis .......................................................... 42
Project 2: Wheel Changing of Diesel Locomotive (ZCU 20, ZCU 30): ............................. 43

4
 Project no. 3: How to make the C&W Bearing in foundry shop .................................... 44
Project 4: Pins Heat treatment process: ........................................................................ 45
Supervisory Work ............................................................................................................... 47
Hand on Skills acquired ...................................................................................................... 47
How to improve productivity in Organization ................................................................... 47
Quality Management system in railway: ........................................................................... 48
Problem encounter and Problem solving .......................................................................... 49
Safety at work: ................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter no 5 .......................................................................................................................... 52
Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................... 52
Recommendation:.............................................................................................................. 52
CH 6 References ..................................................................................................................... 53
Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 54

5
Table of Figure
Figure 1 Pakistan Railway......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 Organogram ............................................................................................................. 12
Figure 3 Central Laboratory ................................................................................................... 14
Figure 4 Power plant .............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 5 Motor shop .............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 6 Heat treatment shop................................................................................................ 17
Figure 7Roller bearing shop ................................................................................................... 18
Figure 8 locomotive engine.................................................................................................... 19
Figure 9 E&DC shop................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 10 Tool shop ................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 11 Foundry shop ......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 12 UV - Spectrometry Machine................................................................................... 43
Figure 13 Mold making .......................................................................................................... 45
Figure 14 Furnaces ................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 15 Pins ......................................................................................................................... 46

6
Ch no 1
Introduction
The history of Pakistan Railways dates back to the British colonial era. The first
railway line was laid in 1858 between Karachi and Kotri, and since then, the network
has expanded to cover most of the country.

Certainly! Pakistan Railways is the national railway of Pakistan and operates both
passenger and freight services. It is the country's largest transportation organization,
with over 7,000 kilometers of track and 450 stations. The railway system is divided
into eight divisions, each with its own headquarters.

Figure 1 Pakistan Railway

7
Background

Pakistan Railways was founded in 1861 during the British Raj. It is one of the oldest
railway systems in South Asia.

Pakistan Railways is a state-owned railway company in Pakistan operating more than

7,000 kilometers of track. It serves all four provinces of Pakistan and operates both
passenger and freight trains. The railway system has faced financial and operational
challenges in recent years, but the government is working to improve its infrastructure
and service.

Pakistan Railways has been undergoing a major transformation in recent years. The
government has invested billions of dollars to upgrade the system, including the
purchase of new locomotives, passenger coaches, and freight wagons. The railway is
also working to modernize its signaling and communication systems. These
improvements are expected to make the railway safer, more reliable, and more
efficient.

The Pakistan Railway workshop are located in Mughalpura Lahore. This workshop are
established in 1908.The area of this railway workshop is 198Acres.This workshop
consist of 3 Departments. The name of the departments is given below:

1. Carriage and wagon Shop

2. Loco Shop
3. Central Laboratory
The Departments of Railway Workshop are explained is given below:
1. Carriage and Wagon Shop:

8
 The carriage and wagon shop is the department of Railway workshop. In
this carriage and wagon shop we are repairing the Boogies of train, Ac,
Power Busses, also making the parts of bogies etc.
There are following shops in this Carriage Shops below as:
 Spring shop
 Black Smith Shop
 Power Plant Shop
 Bearing Shop
 Tool Shop
 Heat Treatment Shop
 Motor Shop
 Wheel Shop
2. Loco Shop:
In this Departments repairing the engines of train, Inspection, Fault
Diagnosing, and engine overhauling etc.
There are following shops in this Loco Shops below as:
 E&DC Shop
 Tool Shop
 Foundry Shop
 Diesel Classified Repair Shop
 Rehibition Shop
 Black Smith Shop
 Engine Block Shop
3. Central Laboratory

There are two types of testing are performed in Central laboratory

1-Physical mechanical testing

2-Chemical testing

These testing are explained below.

2-Chemical testing:

9
In chemical testing two methods to perform chemical testing 1st is Spectrometry
Machine and 2nd is Wet conventional method. These methods are also performed in
ASTM.This is a National Organization is a Part of ISO (International Standard
Organization).

1-Wet Conventional Method:

In this method different types of elements has been testing like zinc (Zn) Carbon (C)
etc. The Wet Conventional Method are performed in two ways 1st is Combustion and
2nd is Titation. In which testing a Lab person checking which quantity of carbon, iron
etc. are available in the piece of metal as per as Specification. In which each person
have to test performed each element it means 4 persons has to perform as per as 4
element. This process has to perform with different gadgets like Test tube, Flask,
Burner, Chemical etc. Each element has different temperature to testing. So this testing
method is very time consuming because 4 tests give the result after 4 days.

Spectrometry Machine

This is an Iron based machine. In which all types of iron based material pieces has
been checked like Aluminum (Au),Copper(C), Nickel (Ni),Zinc (zn),Lead (pb) etc. as
per as Specification. This machine has to Reducing the working as well as time
duration. This machine are connected to the Computer. This computer have to
checking 1 elements in a few Seconds.

Physical Mechanical Testing:

The Physical Mechanical testing are testing in different methods like 1st is
Tensile/Yield and 2nd is Hardness.

These method are explain below.

1-Tensile/Yield:

In this method the pull the piece of metal and checking the breaking point. For the
checking of breaking point of piece of metal the UTM 9Universal Tensile Testing
Machine) has been used.

2-Hardness:

10
In Hardness a method is used to checking the hardness of a piece of metal through
Brinell Steel Ball (HB). In which machine drilling in the piece of metal like a hole.
The metal give the resistance against drilling. So that hole help to checking the
hardness of a piece of metal

11
 Hierarchy or Organogram

WM

AWMG AWMC AWMP

Foreman Foreman Foreman

Charge Man Charge Man Charge Man

Skilled
Workers

Worker

Figure 2 Organogram

12
Chapter no 2

Training Schedule:

Name of Shops Period of Training

Sr
No.
Central Laboratory MGPR 27-03-2023 to 30-03-2023
1
Power Plant Shop C&W Shop 31-03-2023 to 10-04-2023
2
Motor Shop C&W Shop 11-04-2023 to 30-04-2023
3
Heat Treatment Shop C&W Shop 01-05-2023 to 09-05-2023
4
Roller and Bearing Shop C&W Shop 10-05-2023 to 20-05-2023
5
Diesel Classified Repair Shop Loco 21-05-2023 to 10-06-2023
6
Shop
E&DC Shop Loco Shop 11-06-2023 to 17-06-2023
7
Tool Shop Loco Shop 18-06-2023 to 24-06-2023
8
Foundry Shop Loco Shop 25-06-2023 to 06-07-2023
9
Diesel Rehibition Shop Loco Shop 07-07-2023 to 10-07-2023
10

Duties in different shop

Central Laboratory MGP:

 Sample Collect
 Chemical Testing

13
  Material Testing
 Fuel Testing
 Liquid Testing

Figure 3 Central Laboratory

Power Plant Shop C&W Shop:

 Electrical Testing
 Mechanical Testing
 Power Buses Repairing

14
Figure 4 Power plant

Motor Shop C&W Shop:

 Railway Buses Engine overhauling

 Body Repairing

15
Figure 5 Motor shop

Heat Treatment Shop C&W Shop:

 Making Hardness of Material

 Forging
 Change in Surface

16
Figure 6 Heat treatment shop

Roller and Bearing Shop C&W Shop:

 Installation of Wheel Bearing

 Cleaning of Bearing
 Removing of Wheel Bearing

17
Figure 7Roller bearing shop

Diesel Classified Repair Shop Loco Shop:

 Engine overhauling
 Engine Repairing
 Parts Installation
 Engine Installation

18
Figure 8 locomotive engine

E&DC Shop Loco Shop:

 Engine Parts Making

 Oil seal
 Friction plate
 Discharge valve
 Valve guide
 Plunger lubricant
 Bearing shell con rod
 Con rod bush
 Rooter shaft
 All types of bushes
 Crank shaft of compressor

19
Figure 9 E&DC shop

Tool Shop Loco Shop:

 Bridge Reamers
 Taps
 Twist Drills
 Ruling Cutters
 Milano Cutters

20
Figure 10 Tool shop

Foundry Shop Loco Shop:

 Melting Material
 Making Dies

21
Figure 11 Foundry shop

Diesel Rehibition Shop Loco Shop:

 Inspection of trains’ engines

 Paint

22
Ch. no 3 Work Experience

Training Week: 1st

Daily Entry

It’s my first day at MET College introduction

with teachers

Today I have attend the class about the history

of Pakistan Railway and introduction of
existing workshops in Pakistan Railway

Today my 1st day in Power Plant shop (C&W) and

introduction with staff

Today I learn about the basic system operation use

in power plant shop

I learn how to work Diesel generator

Today I learn identification of diesel generator
parts and how many brands use in Pakistan
Railway

23
Training Week: 2nd

Daily Entry

Today I learn about the control systems of generators

use in Pakistan railway

Today I learn about the circuit breaker control panel and

their specifications

Today I learn safety factor use in motor shop and how to

work in motor shop
Today I learn basic difference in diesel and petrol engines

Today I learn how to check engine oil radiator

coolant and also know how check the vehicle
through visual inspection.
Today I learn how to disassemble diesel engine for
engine overhauling.

24
 Training Week: 3rd

Daily
Entry
I learn sign of diesel engine may be weak and
need to be overhaul or need to be change

Today I learn sign of petrol engine maybe weak

and need to be overhaul or need to be replace.

Today I learn how to piston ring adjustment

in diesel engine

Today I learn how to adjustment of timing of

diesel engine during overhauling.

Today I learn method of petrol engine overhauling

and how to adjust ignition timing during engine
overhauling
Today I learn how to inspect engine after
overhauling.

25
Training Week: 4th

Daily Entry
Today I learn about the safety factor use in heat
treatment shop

Today I learn how to work in heat treatment shop

and know what are the operation perform in heat
treatment shop
Today I learn about how to increase resistance in
metal
Today I learn how to mechanical and electrical
properties of metal and how to increase the
machinability properties increase
I learn how to done annealing process for the
softening of metal , steel and copper and learn what
are the basic temperature use for this process.

26
Training Week: 5th

Daily Entry
Today I learn how to done normalizing process for
decrease the internal stress develop after the cold
working process
Today I learn how to do hardening process for the
steel and matel toughness

Today I learn how to do tempering and nitriding

process in matel
Eid al-Fitr Holiday

Eid al-Fitr Holiday

Eid al-Fitr Holiday

27
Training Week: 6th

Daily Entry
Eid al-Fitr Holiday

Today I learn how to do cyanding and carburizing

process
Today I learn purpose of these process in metal
and steel
I learn about the types of furnaces and which
material use for making these furnaces

Identification of parts of the locomotive engines

use in Pakistan railway
Today I learn introduction of locomotive shop
and which kind of shops in locomotive block

28
Training Week: 7th

Daily Entry
Introduction with team of locomotive diesel shop

Today I learn about the basic specification of engines use

in Pakistan railway
I identify the sensor use in locomotive engine

Identification of parts of the locomotive engines use in

Pakistan railway
I learn about electrical system and their working

I learn about 6 month engine inspection checking point

Today I learn about diesel injection pump and its

working

29
Training Week: 8th

Daily Entry
Today I learn how to inspect cylinder head valve
and valve guide

Today I learn how to check water jackets and elbows

through visual inspection and then through different
types of test
Today I learn how to check oil level oil and oil condition
in locomotive CAT&Piller engines

Today I how to dismantle locomotive engine for the

overhauling

Today I learn how to inspect engine internal parts after

dismantling the locomotive engine

Today I learn how to check crankshaft and camshaft

inspection method

30
Training Week: 9th

Daily Entry
Today I learn how to inspect ring and piston and
play between the connecting rod and main journal

Today I learn how to fix the any king of seepage

on engine. I learn the seepage fixing of oil sump.

Today I learn about the diagnosing and fixing of
We Diagnose the engine oil comes from Engine
timing Side (Engine front Side). We replaced the
Oil seal to fix it.
Today I fix or re assemble the engine with
complete overhauling and check the any kind of
leakage and seepage

Today I learn about how to check all basic systems

after the engine overhauling

Today I get an overview of engine

Troubleshooting
Engine misfire with abnormal internal lower

noises.

31
32
Training Week: 10th

Daily Entry
Today I learn about the fault diagnose of
lubrication system and check the the all leakages
and seepages in system

Today I learn about the compression testing of

new assemble engine during the final inspection
of engine

I learn how to get an dry and wet compression test

Today I learn turbocharger function in locomotive

engine

I learn how to work of turbocharger in locomotive

engines

I learn how to diagnose the fault of turbocharger in

locomotive.

33
 th
Training Week: 11

Daily Entry
I learn about the cooling system of locomotive

Today I learn about the main fault of cooling system

and how to fix them

I learn how to replace water pump in locomotive

engines
I learn how to check thermostat valve and water
jackets

I learn how to work diesel lift pump in locomotive

Today I learn flywheel inspection of locomotive

engines

34
Training Week: 12th

Daily Entry
Today i learn inspection of wheel assembly

.
I learn how check bearing play in wheel assembly

I learn how to dismantle the wheel bearing from

wheel assembly
I learn how to load test on a bearing

I learn how to refit bearing in wheel assembly

I learn how to check bearing after refitting on wheel

35
Training Week: 13th

Daily Entry

Introduction with the staff of Tool shop

I learn parts identification of Lathe Machine

I learn how to make an clutch and flywheel hosing

and what are the basic operation use in clutch
housing

I learn how to do facing process

I learn how to drilling and honing process

I learn how turning and knurling process

36
Training Week: 14th

Daily Entry
I learn how to check work piece after completing the
work

I learn how to do operation on specific angles

I learn how working a pneumatic tools

I learn how to cutting the tool on shaper machine

How to inspect the tool after completing the process

37
Training Week: 15th

Daily Entry
Introduction with the team of E&DC Shop

Here I learn purpose of friction plate and how to

make it
I learn how to make an oil seal valve guide and
plunger.

I learn how to make bearing shell connecting rod

I learn how to face a crankshaft of parkins and

commins engine

Today I learn how to check dimension of crankshaft

after facing

38
Training Week: 16th

Daily Entry
Introduction with the foundry shop team and I learn
what are the safety factor in foundry shop

I learn how to make a mold and what type of

material use for making the mold and also know
how to inspect a mold after completing this
Today I learn how to melt a iron for
molding
Today I learn ow to check a brake system in train

I learn how to test vacuum and pressure brake

system during the half year inspection

I learn how to check traction motor and learn

how its work

39
Training Week: 17th

Daily Entry

I learn how to dismantle traction motor and how to

change their stater

I learn how to refit the traction motor and inspect

again for final inspection

I learn how to check overhaul bogie inspection

I learn how to inspect boggie suspension system and

how to check shock absorber

I learn how to inspect fuel tank and Ac system during

the inspection

40
41
Ch. No 4 Project Carried Out
Projects
Project 1: How to Do the Spectrometer Analysis

 Preparing the samples

 Turn ON the machine and warm it let sit for at least 15 minutes before running
any sample
 Get the Deionized water
 Clean the cuvettes or test tube with Deionized water
 Use different pipettes for each sample to prevent cross contamination
 Load the proper volume of the sample into cuvettes or test tubes
 Prepare a control solution known as Blank: has only the chemical solvent in
which the solute to be analyzed is dissolved in.
 Use Lint free cloth to wipe the outside of the cuvettes or test tube for dust
particles
 Running the Experiment
 Choose and set the Desired wavelength according to specification
 Calibrate the machine with Blank
 Place Blank into cuvettes holder inside the spectrometer and shut the lid
 Set the Blank to outside the adjustment knobs
 Remove the Blank and test the calibration
 Be sure the calibrated reading stay 0
 Now place the test sample inside the machine
 Waite 10s until the digital numbers stops changing
 Record the value of %transmittance and/or absorbance
 Repeat the test with successive wavelength of light
 Repeat your reading at 25 nm intervals across the spectrum
 Analyze the data you can absorbed through machine
 Calculate the Transmittance and absorbance of sample through T= l/l 0 and
A=log10
 Place the Absorbance value vs. the wavelength on graph
 Compare the absorbance spectrum place to known place of specific compound

42
Figure 12 UV - Spectrometry Machine

Project 2: Wheel Changing of Diesel Locomotive (ZCU 20, ZCU 30):

 Dismantle all the shock absorber (Primary, Secondary, Vertical)

 Lifting the Upper body of locomotive which included Engine unit, Expresser,
Radiator etc.
 Lifting the bogie chaises
a. If I change ZCU 20 wheel so first of all I clamp the Axle box with chaises
b. Firstly I have to left out the secondary spring in ZCU 30

c. If I change ZCU 30 so first of all I have to titan the axle box spring with
chaises

 In both locomotives I have disassembled the pull rod from wheel to body
 After that disassembling the pull rod chaises of bogie is totally free from wheels
and traction motors
 Left out the traction motor
 Dismantle the gear box
 Dismantle the axle box, axle bearing, axle housing etc.
 After above all procedures are done the all parts are disassembled from wheel

43
  Now I check all the parts if they are in working good condition or not
 Now I have to install new wheel
 After changing the wheel now I have to assembled all these parts

Project no. 3: How to make the C&W Bearing in foundry shop

There are following procedures are to making the C&W bearing in foundry shop:

 Firstly I have to check the bearing pattern to helping the making of bearing
 Making the core or mold according to bearing pattern
 After making the core I have to get the material for using to make the bearing
like Copper85%, Tin6%, Zinc5%, Lead5%, PH.CU0.1%
 Getting all these material with correct ratio
 Now putting above all material in the furnace
 After putting the total materials in the furnace. Now ON the furnace
 Now I will getting temperature in furnace at 1050c
 When the temperature of furnace are reached to 105c. Now the material are in
melting position
 After that we have Off the furnace
 Now I have to getting the helping Tool for picking the melting material from
furnace
 I also getting the core or mold that I have making before all that procedures
 After this I have to get all the melting material with helping Tool and putting
into the core
 After putting that material into the core
 I will wait and watch until the material will be in cold or solid position
 If the material in cold or solid position now I have to put out the bearing into
the core
 Now the bearing is ready

44
Figure 13 Mold making

Figure 14 Furnaces

Project 4: Pins Heat treatment process:

 Get all types of pins

45
  Putting the pins into the furnace
 After putting into the furnace then turn ON the furnace
 Heat the pins at 800 to 850c Temperature of furnace
 When the temperature of furnace reach at 800 to 850c then putt out the pins
from the furnace
 Now after the putting out the pins from furnace then I have to soaking the pins
into the water from 30 to 40 minutes
 The pins are soaking into the water and the temperature of water is 27 to 43c
 After soaking the pins at specific temperature the pins are again put into the
furnace
 Now the temperature of the furnace is 400 to 425c
 Again repeat the soaking process in 30 to 40 minutes
 Now the pins are soaking in the normal air

Figure 15 Pins

46
Supervisory Work

 It has manage the flow of work in workshop

 Making the team schedule and manage it
 He gave the reports of all about of work doing in workshop to HR and senior
manager
 Evaluate the performance and providing the feedback
 Solving all the problems of employees

Hand on Skills acquired

 Learning the Management

 Be Professional and also positive attitude
 I learn to change the wheel
 I learn the working of spectrometry machine
 I learn to change the Bearing
 Determination
 Good leadership to perform in our opportunity
 Be strong in mind

How to improve productivity in Organization

 Proactive Employee
 Identify the and aligns goals and performance
 Good working condition
 Good Tools and equipment’s to making raise the productivity

47
  Good relation with employees
 Giving facility to employees
 Making good environment in workstation
 Be careful with safety precautions
 Strength communication protocols
 Give the right people to right task
 Encourage learning opportunities

Quality Management system in railway:

When the any part of locomotive engine or body are damaged so they are change
or replace the new part. Pakistan is considered on the sixth number in most populated
countries around the globe. Due to the high population, there’s an increase in the
demand for traveling of people in Pakistan.

Pakistan railway system is giving more importance to maintenance as customers want

to enjoy better services and better quality of products due to growing importance of
quality in our life. To measure the quality of services of railways in Pakistan, the key
determinants are customer satisfaction and retention.

Railways are considered the cheapest and most environmentally friendly mode of
transportation. It helps to transport the bulk of goods from one place to another over
long distances without any significant impact upon the environment. Rail is also one

48
of the transportation modes which is emission efficient and there are electric trains that
are powered by renewable energy.

Problem encounter and Problem solving

1. Engine Overheat

Cause.

 Checking cooling, system

 Checking lubrication system
 Check fuel system

Remedies.

 Repair the thermostat valve

 Repair the oil filter
 Repair the excessive amount of fuel system
2. Engine doses not running

Cause.

 Check the starting motor

 Check the battery
 Remedies.
 Repair the starting motor
 Repair the battery
3. Engine blow by

Cause.

 Check the piston

 Check the piston rings
 Check the cylinder liner

49
 Remedies.

 Repair the piston

 Repair the piston rings
 Repair the cylinder liner
4. Engine pre ignition

Causes.

 Check the cooling system

 Check the lubrication system
 Check the fuel system

Remedies.

 Repair the fault of engine cooling system like thermostat valve, lack of
coolant etc.
 Repair the fault of lubrication system like oil transmission pump, lack of
oil etc.
 Repair the fault of cooling system like excessive amount of fuel are going
in the cylinder

Safety at work:

 Don’t wear lose clothes

 Wear shoes
 Be alert with environment
 Keep open your eyes with activeness
 Safely with slippery surfaces
 Wear gloves
 Wearing the hamlet, glasses, gloves before work in welding shop
 Keep clean the work place
 Use the specific tools for work
 All the extra scraps are throwing into the scrap bin

50
 Don’t use your hands for stopping the machine
 Whistling during the Overhead crane and shunting

51
Chapter no 5
Conclusion:

This training focused upon increasing our knowledge and interest in toward the
Production of Railway Carriage & Wagons and workshops. Because It is most efficient
and necessary needs to peoples in these days so its production at most efficient method
with minimum cost and in proper sequence with less wastage. It was a great
experience. It increases my practical skills that are the main thing which i learnt in the
training session. Thus, I believe that my training session will be beneficial for various
purposes & hence our efforts will be fruitful. Finally I would like to thank my
instructor and all the person of this organization who had helped me lot during my
course

Recommendation:
 Making good management
 Use latest machinery
 Make clean environment
 Apply rules and regulations with every person or employee

52
CH 6 References

1. Christian Wolmar, Blood, iron, and gold: How the railroads transformed the
world (Public Affairs, 2011).

2. ^ "Sweet Track". Severn Estuary Levers Research Committee. Retrieved 30

September 2016.

3. ^ Brunning, Richard (2006). "A window on the past – The prehistoric

archaeology of the Somerset Moors". In Hill-Cottingham, Pat; Briggs, Derek;
Brunning, Richard; King, Andy; Rix, Graham (eds.). The Somerset Wetlands:
An ever changing environment. Wellington, Somerset: Somerset Books. pp. 40–
41. ISBN 978-0-86183-432-7.

53
Appendix

54