MYP G10 Summative Assessment on Criterion B in PHYSICS
Full name: Yermek Alimzhan
Grade: 10 F
Date: 13.10.2023
MYP 5: The investigation of Ohm’s law
Your task: You are going to investigate the relationship between the electric current, resistance and voltage in the
wire.
Level MYP descriptor - Year 4/5
1-2 The student is able to:
i. state a problem or question to be tested by a
scientific investigation
ii. outline a testable hypothesis
iii. outline the variables
iv. design a method, with limited success.
3-4 The student is able to:
i. outline a problem or question to be tested
by a scientific investigation
ii. formulate a testable hypothesis using
scientific reasoning
iii. outline how to manipulate the variables, and
outline how relevant data will be collected
iv. design a safe method in which he or she
selects materials and equipment.
5-6 The student is able to:
i. describe a problem or question to be tested
by a scientific investigation
ii. formulate and explain a testable hypothesis
using scientific reasoning
iii. describe how to manipulate the variables, and
describe how sufficient, relevant data will be
collected iv. design a complete and safe method in
which he or she selects appropriate materials and
equipment.
7-8 The student is able to:
i. explain a problem or question to be tested
by a scientific investigation
ii. formulate and explain a testable hypothesis
using correct scientific reasoning
iii. explain how to manipulate the variables, and
explain how sufficient, relevant data will be
collected iv. design a logical, complete and safe
method in which he or she selects appropriate
materials and equipment.
2023 NIS IB of Astana
Recommendations for reaching the
highest level
Strand i. Research question
✔ Title your research to reflect the essence
of the investigation
✔ Clearly explain the aim of the
investigation using scientific knowledge
✔ Formulate a narrow and well-focused
research question which include
independent and dependent variables
Strand ii. Hypothesis
✔ Formulate a testable hypothesis trying
to answer your research question
✔ Give the correct scientific justification
for your assumptions
✔ Sketch the predicted graph of
tested relationship
Strand iii. Variables
✔ Identify the independent variable and
explain how you are going to change it
to collect sufficient, relevant data
✔ Identify the dependent variable and
explain how you will measure it. Try to
be more specific
✔ Define the quantities that must be
controlled in your investigation to receive
sufficient, relevant data and describe how
to manage them.
Strand iv. Method
✔ Make a list of appropriate equipment and
materials with its characteristics needed
to test the hypothesis in the experiment.
Ensure that this equipment provides a
safe
experiment
✔ Draw the set-up for your experiment, add
to the diagram the relevant explanations
✔ Give a step-by-step description of how
the experiment will perform. Use
passive voice.
 MYP G10 Summative Assessment on Criterion B in PHYSICS

Title: Investigating the Relationship Between Resistance and Current in an Electrical Circuit

Aim: The main objective of this study is to examine the connection between resistance and
current in a circuit, which is explained by Ohm's law. We plan to vary the resistance in a circuit and
measure the corresponding current in order to comprehend how resistance affects the flow of
current. Our aim is to analyze how different levels of resistance can either obstruct or enhance the
flow of current. The outcomes of this study will offer insights into the principles of electronics and
how electrical components behave under various circumstances.

Background information:

Ohm's law, named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, is a fundamental principle in the
field of electrical engineering and physics. It describes the relationship between the voltage (V),
current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit.

According to Ohm's law when the temperature remains constant the current passing through a
conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across those points. In terms
of the resistance, in a circuit the current flowing through that circuit decreases and vice versa
assuming that the voltage remains constant.

This relationship can be mathematically represented by the formula:

Where:
I is the current in amperes (A)
V is the voltage in volts (V)
R is the resistance in ohms (Ω)

For this experiment's purpose this equation will be crucial. By adjusting the resistance in the circuit
and measuring the resulting current while maintaining a voltage we can confirm Ohm's law. On the
hand if we know the current and measure the voltage we can calculate the resistance using a
version of this formula:

It's important to note that Ohm's law is applicable under certain conditions. The law holds true for
conductors that have a constant resistance regardless of the current or voltage. Such conductors
are termed "ohmic". However, not all materials are ohmic, and for some, resistance may change
as current or voltage changes.

Relevance:
Ohm's law holds importance in the fields of electronics and electrical engineering. It forms the
foundation for understanding how electrical circuits operate and is used to design, analyze and
troubleshoot electronic systems. From household devices, to industrial machinery Ohms law plays
a crucial role in ensuring their proper functioning.
Let's imagine a situation where a homeowner wishes to install a lighting system in their garden.
They opt to utilize a 12V battery to power a series of LED lights. Each LED has a resistance of 4Ω.
The homeowner wants to determine the amount of current that will flow through each LED
ensuring that the battery can handle the combined current for all the lights.

In this case each LED will draw 3 amperes of current. If the homeowner intends to install 10 LEDs
then the total current drawn would be 30A. This knowledge enables them to assess whether or not
the battery can handle this load or if adjustments need to be made.

This example effectively demonstrates how Ohms law finds application in scenarios allowing
individuals to make informed decisions regarding their electrical setups. Whether it pertains to
household appliances, automotive electronics, telecommunications systems or industrial
machinery Ohm's law remains a tool for comprehending and working with systems.

Research question: How does the variation, in resistance (±0.5Ω) impact the flow of current
(±0.01A) in a circuit while maintaining a constant wire thickness (±0.01mm) wire length (±0.01m)
wire material, voltage (within a range of ±0.1V) and initial current (±0.01A)?

Hypothesis:

As the resistance (Ω ± 0.5Ω) in an electrical circuit increases, the current (A ± 0.01A) flowing
through the circuit will decrease, given a constant voltage (V ± 0.1V).
In this hypothesis we're exploring the relationship, between resistance, current and voltage in a
circuit. According to Ohms law when the resistance increases in a circuit with a voltage the current
flowing through that circuit will decrease.

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance is described by Ohm's law, which is

mathematically expressed as:

Where:
I is the current in amperes (A)
V is the voltage in volts (V)
R is the resistance in ohms (Ω)

To understand this concept better it's important to know that electrical current represents the flow
of electrons in a conductor. Resistance acts as an obstacle to this flow. So when we increase the
resistance in a circuit it becomes more challenging for electrons to move through it resulting in a
decrease in current. Ohm's law directly explains this relationship.

When we have a voltage but increase the resistance the denominator of Ohm's law equation
becomes larger. As a result the quotient becomes smaller. Leads to a decrease in current.
Conversely if we were to decrease the resistance the denominator would become smaller. Lead to
a quotient. Thereby increasing the current.
1. Independent Variable:
Resistance (R)
Unit: Ohms (Ω)
Uncertainty: ± 0.5Ω
Measuring: The resistance in the circuit will be the independent variable. We will change it by
using different resistors with known resistances or by using a variable resistor (rheostat). By
systematically varying the resistance, we can collect data on how the current changes in response.
For sufficient data, we might start with a low resistance and increase it in regular intervals, noting
the corresponding current at each step.
47, 100, 470, 1000, 4700.

2. Dependent Variable
Variable: Current (I)
Unit: Amperes (A)
Uncertainty: ± 0.01A
Measuring: The current flowing through the circuit is the dependent variable, as it will change
based on the resistance we set. We will measure the current using an ammeter connected in
series with the resistor in the circuit. The ammeter should be capable of providing readings with a
precision of ± 0.01A or better to ensure accurate and specific measurements.

Controlled variables
1. Length of the Wire;
Manipulation**; Keep the length of the wire constant in your circuit. Use a ruler or measuring tape
to maintain wire length. If you need to test lengths make sure they are predetermined and
accurately measured.
Uncertainty; Measuring tools may have inaccuracies. With a ruler or measuring tape for example
there might be an uncertainty of ± 0.5 cm.
Value: 25 cm

2. Resistivity of the Wire;

Manipulation; The resistivity of a material is a property that cannot be changed intentionally during
experimentation. However to ensure resistivity results always use wires, from the type and brand
throughout your experiment.
Different batches or brands may have variations.
Uncertainty; There might be differences in resistivity depending on the purity and manufacturing
process. However these differences are usually insignificant for available wires.
Value: 1.62×10^8 ohm−meter

3. Voltage;
Manipulation; Make use of a power supply that provides a voltage output. If you need to adjust the
voltage during the experiment use the controls on the power supply and double check with a
voltmeter.
Uncertainty; The voltage output may have some uncertainty depending on the model and precision
of the power supply. For instance it could be around ± 0.1V.
Value: limited to 8V

4. Initial current:
The starting current, known as the current plays a role, in this experiment. It establishes the
baseline from which we can observe any changes in resistance and their impact on the current.

To manipulate the current we will make use of a power supply. Typically power supplies have
voltage settings. By adjusting the voltage output of the power supply while keeping the resistance
constant we can directly. Influence the flow of current through the circuit. This relationship between
voltage, resistance and current is explained by Ohms Law.
Value: limited to 2A

Apparatus:

Lab coat - 1
Gloves - 1 pair

Safety precautions:

1. Electrical Safety:
Avoid water: Make sure that the setup for your experiment is positioned away from
any water sources. Water conducts electricity so accidental spills can result in
circuits or even electrocution.

Check equipment: Before you begin the experiment carefully examine all equipment,
the power supply, wires and connectors for any signs of damage or wear. Damaged
equipment can pose a risk of shock.

2. Handling equipment:
Turn Off When Not in Use: Remember to turn off the power supply whenever you
need to make adjustments to the circuit or change resistors.
Start with low voltage: It's crucial to start with a voltage setting and gradually
increase it as necessary when initiating the experiment. This approach helps
minimize the chances of components overheating or getting damaged.

3. Avoid overloading:
Monitor current and voltage: Keep an eye on both voltage readings throughout the
experiment. If they exceed the recommended values, for your equipment
immediately switch off the power supply.

Use correctly rated components Always ensure that all components used resistors
are appropriately rated for your intended voltage and current requirements.

4. Heat Hazards:
Resistor heating: Resistors tend to get hot when there is a current passing through
them. Allow time for them to cool down before attempting to touch them.

Ventilation: To maintain an environment during your experiment, conduct it in a

ventilated area. Overheated components might release fumes at times.

5. Tidy workspace:
Organize wires: To keep connecting wires organized and prevent tangling or tripping
hazards consider using wire organizers or clips.
Clear clutter: Make sure that your workspace is clear of any items or tools. Having a
workspace can increase the risk of accidents.

6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Safety Goggles: Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from any sparks or debris.
Insulated Gloves: Consider wearing insulated gloves when handling electrical
components, especially when the power is on.
Emergency Preparedness:

7. Emergency preparedness:
Know the Location of Circuit Breakers: Familiarize yourself with the location of circuit
breakers or fuses in case of an electrical issue.
First Aid Kit: Ensure a first aid kit is nearby and that it contains items relevant to
electrical injuries.

8. Avoid Short Circuits:

Careful Connections: When setting up the circuit, ensure that there are no
unintended connections that could lead to a short circuit.
Use a Breadboard: If available, use a breadboard for setting up the circuit. It helps in
organizing connections and reduces the risk of accidental short circuits.
Educate and Supervise:
9. Disconnect after use:
Power Down: Once the experiment is completed, turn off the power supply and
disconnect all components.
Store Safely: Store all equipment in their designated places, away from moisture
and direct sunlight.

Scheme:

Method:

1. Safety First: Begin by donning safety goggles, a lab coat, and gloves. This is
essential to shield against potential electrical hazards, ensuring the eyes, body, and
hands are well-protected when handling electrical components.

2. Equipment Inspection: Thoroughly inspect all equipment. Confirm the power

supply is functioning correctly, devoid of any visible damage or defects. All wires,
resistors, and meters should be clean, free from corrosion or any damage that might
skew results.

3. Wire Setup: Using a ruler, accurate to ±0.5 cm, measure and cut a wire to a
precise length of 25 cm. This ensures the wire's length, a controlled variable,
remains consistent throughout the experiment.

4. Confirming Resistivity: Ensure the wire's resistivity is a consistent 1.62×10^8

ohm-meter. Always use the same wire type and brand throughout the experiment to
maintain this consistency.

5. Setting Up the Power Supply: Securely connect the power supply to the circuit.
The power supply, with an uncertainty of ±0.1V and limited to 8V, will be pivotal in
adjusting both voltage and current.

6. Initiating Current: Using the power supply, set the initial current by tweaking the
voltage. Monitor this current with an ammeter, ensuring it remains below the 2A
safety threshold. The power supply's controls will be pivotal in manipulating the initial
current throughout the experiment.

7. Measuring Resistance:
- Begin with the 47Ω resistor. Connect it to the circuit.
- Note the voltage using the power supply.
- Record the current flow through the circuit using the ammeter.
- Adjust the voltage with the power supply, observing the current's response.
- Repeat the above steps for resistors with values of 100Ω, 470Ω, 1000Ω, and
4700Ω. This systematic approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the
relationship between resistance and current for various resistor values.

8. Data Collection: For each resistor value, meticulously observe and document how
the current fluctuates as the voltage is adjusted. This data will be foundational in
analyzing the relationship between resistance and current.

9. Safe Disassembly: Once all data points are collected, power down the power
supply. With caution, disconnect all components, ensuring none are too hot to touch.

10. Equipment Storage: Safely return all equipment to its designated storage
location. Double-check that the power supply is both deactivated and unplugged.

11. Concluding Safety Measures: As a final step before exiting the lab, ensure all
electrical equipment is powered down and unplugged. Neatly fold and store the lab
coat, goggles, and gloves in their respective places.
2023 NIS IB of Astana