DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 391 908 CE 070 766

TITLE Blueprint Reading for Welders. Training Guide.

INSTITUTION Philippine Congress, Manila. Congressional Oversight
Committee on Education.
PUB DATE 95
NOTE 102p.; For related documents, see CE 070 /58, CE 070
760, CE 070 763, and CE 070 765-768.
PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For
Teacher) (052)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.

DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; *Adult Vocational Education;
Behavioral Objectives; *Blueprints; *Competency Based
Education; *Engineering Drawing; Learning Activities;
*Orthographic Projection; *Welding

ABSTRACT
This training g.ide, developed during a project to
retrain defense industry workers at risk of job loss or dislocation
because of conversion of the defense industry, is designed for a
course in blueprint reading for welders. The following are among the
topics covered in the course: information on a blueprint;
orthographic projection; views in orthographic drawings; representing
an object; sketching an isometric drawing; surface identification;
basic lines and their identification; local and general notes; title
blocks; dimensions; dilension units; rules for dimensioning;
tolerance dimensions; welding symbols; reference lines; basic weld
symbols; types of welds; supplementary symbols; welding symbol and
elements; fillet welds and finishes; and groove, plug, slot, spot,
seam, and flange welds. IAcluded in the guide are the following:
course outline; transparency masters; student handouts; quiz; student
exercises; and reference tables. (MN)

***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
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 ILep "nt
Read'g
fo
elders

Training
Oil
U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
_ of Educannai Roseanin ann
ED14CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
This document has been reproduced as
received from the poison cr organqation
Guide "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

Originating it
0 Minor changes have been made to
impiove reproduction quality
J 5--thepsd
Points of view or opinions stated in this
clocum, do not noroccarily ioprnconl TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
011(h-110ER! po,Ivon of policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)

2
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Tao le of Contents Page 1 Tolerance Dimensions 22
Information on a Blueprint 2 Welding Symbol 23
Team Quiz 2 Reference Lines 24
Orthographic Projection 3 Basic Weld Symbols 25
Views in Orthographic Drawings 4 Types of Welds 26
Representing an Object 5 Supplementary Symbols 27
Sketching an Isometric Drawing 6 Welding Symbol & Elements 28
Surface Identification 7 Your Notes 29
Basic Lines 8 - 10 Fillet Welds & Finishes 30-33
Your Notes 11 Groove Welds 34-38
Identifying Basic Lines 12 - 13 Plug Welds 39-40
Local and General Notes 14 Slot Welds 41-42
Title Blocks 15 Spot Welds 43-45
Dimensions 16 Your Notes 46
Dimension Units 17-19 Seam Welds 47-48
Rules for Dimensioning 20 Flange Welds 49-50
Dimensioning Practice 21 Classification of Characteristics 51

4
 Itiformation-:..oti.a Bhieprint
Information found on a
blueprint:
Parts to be manufactured
Dimensions
Notes
Material
Title of the drawing and part
Drawing number
Manufactures name
Tolerances
Scale of the drawing
Names of the drafter,
engineer, and checkers
Drawing and approval dates
Revision information
Team Quiz:
Look at the provided prints In your folder.
Locate the requested Information below.
With your partner, number the various
parts of a print.
1. Locate the parts, as shown in line
drawings.
2. Point out the dimensions.
3. Point out the notes.
4. Where is the material listed?
5. What's the title of the drawing and the
drawing number?
6. Where is the Onan/Cummins name
located on the print?
7. Point out the tolerances.
8. What is the scale of this drawing?
9. Who drafted this print?
10. Who approved the print?
11. When was the print drafted?
12. Point out the revision information.
2
Orthographic projection is a Orthographic projection is
cpicsellung the divided into 6 views:
true shape of an object on a
Front View: main view of the part that shows
single plane. most detail.
Every line of an object is
Top View: projection upward from front
on a single plane. view.
Every line of the object Right side: view to the right of the front.
must appear as a line or view to the left of the front.
Left side:
point on the plane of
projection. Bottom view: opposite the top view.

Lines that can be seen Back view: opposite the front view.
are shown as solid lines.
Lines that are not Principle
visible, because they are
hidden by some part of Projections:
The principle projections are TOP
the object, are called front, top and side views.
represented by dashed The process of projecting
lines. the essential views into a single
FRONT RIGHT SIDE
plane is known as orthographic
projection.

3
8
 )

'.

7S7:1e,87vs .h.. Srthographiç Dt.4* n s,

BACK
1

TOP

PICTORIAL
REPRESENTATION

RIGHT SIDE BACK

BACK LEFT SIDE

BOTTOM

9 4 10
 OBLIQUE
FRONT
(a) PICTORIAL
Oblique: To develop an oblique
drawing, an orthographic view of the
object is first drawn which best
describes the shape and shows the
most detail of the object.
After the orthographic view is
completed, one should draw parallel
receding lines about 45 degree angles
from the corners of the view (either to
the right or to the left) to develop the
three-dimensional effect. The extent
of the receding lines is about one-half
the length that would be shown for an
orthographic drawing.
11
ISOMETRIC
TOP
RIGHT
SIDE
FRONT RIGHT SIDE
(13) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION (IN THREE VIEWS)
Isometric: To develop an
isometric sketch, isometric graph
paper is preferable. An isometric
sketch has all of its surfaces shown at
30 degree angles. In the initial
preparation of the sketch, a view of
the object that best shoes its shape
and detail is selected and sketched at
30 degrees.
After completion of the basic view,
parallel receding l;lines are sketched
at 30 degree angles from each of the
corners. Only those lines that
represent the visible part of the object
are shown. The sketch is completed
by drawing the back edges.
5
 Left and right isometric sketches of a
Preliminary view for sketching isometric
drawing of a fabricated T-support. fabricated T-support.

ONO.'" :

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13
!:,1;;r1,......,
 balloons on the
Enter the letters from the pictorial view into the corresponding
orthographic views.

00
1C
15
7
 '44,01

There are several different types of lines used on a print.

Each line has a different meaning.
Th -. purpose of each line deals with:
1. Shape of an object
2. Dimensioning of an object

Type of Line Description Purpose

OBJECT Thick solid line. To show the visible shape of a
LINE part.

HIDDEN Broken line of medium To show edges and outlines not

LINE thickness. visible to the eye.

Fine, broken line made up of a To show the center of circles,

series of short and long arcs and symmetrical objects
CENTER
dashes alternately spaced. and to aid in dimensioning these
LINE
parts.

Extension lines: show )

Extension lines: fine lines that
extent from the object with a dimensioning points.
EXTENSION EXTENSION
LINE LINE light break between.
Dimension lines: touch the
Dimension lines: fine lines extension lines and show
DIMENSION LINE with arrowheads, unbroken distance given by the
except where the dimension is dimensions.

i7 8
IS
 Tytie of Line Description
Fine, straight line with an Points directly to surface for the
arrowhead or round solid dot purpose of dimensioning or
LEADER at one end. It is usually drawn adding a note. A dot may be
at an angle. used at the end of the straight
line where reference is made a
surface area.

A heavy, broken line made up Indicate where an imaginary cut

PREFERRED of a series of short dashes is made through the object. The
A A
CUTTING alternately spaced (or solid arrow points in the direction in
MIS
PLANE LINE heavy lines or long dashes). which the section should be
ALTERNATE viewed. Letters next to the
B. Arrowheads are placed at
right angles to the cutting arrowheads identify the section
plane lines. in chases where more than one
j section is shown on the drawing.

SECTION Series of fine lines solid or Indicate the imaginary cut

LINES
solid and broken arranged in surface referred to by the cutting
specific patterns. They may plan line. To represent various
CAST IRON, kinds of materials.
//////
STEEL // be shown either straight or
MALLEABLE IRON,
/ GENERAL USE FOR curved. When shown straight,
ALL MATERIALS they are usually drawn at 45
COPPER,
BRASS, degree angle.
BRONZE,
AND
COMPOSITIONS //f
ZINC, LEAD, MAGNESIUM,
WHITE METAL, ALUMINUM,
BABBITT, AND ITS
AND ALLOYS ALLOYS

19 9 20
 Heavy, broken line made up of Indicates the location and extent
CHAIN LINE
a series of long and short of a surface area.
dashes alternately spaced.

SHORT Heavy, irregular line drawn To show a short break. To

BREAK LINE freehand. conserve space on a drawing.
To show a partial section.

Ruled, light line with freehand To show a long break. To

LONG conserve space on a drawinIg.
zigzags.
111 BREAK LI NE

Light, broken line made up of To show alternate positions of a

PHANTOM
a series of one long and two part. To show relationship of
LINE
shot dashes. existing part to new part. To
show machined surfaces.

10
25
 and lines and their functions.
Refer to the drawing above to identify the types
Given the function or
functions of
of lines:
Identify to following types the following lines:
A A

Bonus Question:
What does Q have reference to?
1

2 L;

13
 Local Genera Notes
construction. The note
A note is lettered information concerning the details of
refers to the material and/or processes needed to make the
explains, specifies, or
the print, and to save time in preparing the
part. Notes help to conserve space on
drawing. It is often shown as an abbreviation or symbol.

Local Notes: When a note General Notes: A general

applies to a particular part on an note applies to the drawing as a
object, it is called a local note. Such whole. It is placed in an open
a note is placed near cine of the spaco away from the views so
view3 representing the part. that it can be seen easily.

This surface must Example:

be flush and have All welds made
no weld spatter. using GTAW.

29

14
Title blocks consist of: G. Drawing Number
A. Name of part or project H. Dates
B. Quantity required I. Tolerances
C. Material description J. Onan/Cummins name
D. Scale size used K. Drawing Projection
E. Drawn by 3rd Angle vs. 1st Angle
F. Checked by
Place the corresponding
letters in the Onan/Cummins
title block below:

Illiutcottas IA WV Ilk rt
sot
«. ... 240 - 206:; .31.4
. 1 I I i roLs - - - o F.G.GUIIERREZ 05-11-12 14110111APOUS. 101/411100. 111433
DO
t t tt tt I
Pm' fisimri--- 2Z4r7iinirmal EDLl'i vAYHE A.CLEMENS 01-0112 "i rnlitr rriTrinfrtort
mon, .: V,: : Z44 : 10.10.4, GARY J.KREXER 01-05-12 rt(APIC-JIAIURlrhOl
14V

. t. . i. NI. 2
r-ttiuf-L ....11
fiNfai if41?Rilitg.Itali-rcli 240-2073

31
32

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Dimensions serve two important functions on a print:
1. They give the sizes needed to fabricate a part.
of the part should be placed,
2. They indicate the location where components
assembled, machined or welded.

Size and location of dimensions:

KEY
L.. LOCATION
S SIZE

.10,11
0 .500 DRILL

NOTE: THE
SYMBOL ct,
cs,
o".
SIGNIFIES
DIAMETER.
MEI 1.750"

16

33 34

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 1.

;.;

Some dimensions are shown in fraction inches. In the Fractional Inch System, sizes
are expressed in common frac!' -)ns, the smallest division being 64ths.

FräctionäiIiichExainple

81 19
32 64

18
35 36
,

inch system (U.S. Customary), parts are designed in basic decimal

In the decimal
expressed as two-place decimal numbers.
increments, preferable .02 inch and are (hundreths) is an even number or
Using the .02 module, the second decimal place
these, such as .25 are used when they are essential to meet
zero. Sizes other than
design requirements.

Decinial Inch-Example
100

1.38

37

17 .
AI&

11:7

Some dimensions are shown in fraction inches. In the Fractional Inch System, sizes
are expressed in common fractions, the smallest division being 64ths.

'Fractional Inch Example Onan - Fractional Inch'''

3 3
1
25 19
64
1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32
32
1.4_,

40
39

18
Some dimensions are shown in fraction inches. In the Fractional Inch System, sizes
are expressed in common fractions, the smallest division being 64ths.

gractional Inch Example Onan - Fractional Inch

3 3
14
1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32
32 64
PIA 25_1 1.4_19

42
41

18
Some projects are dimensioned in metric or millimeters. The SI Metric Unites of
Measurement shows engineering drawings in: millimeters for the linear measure
and micro meters for surface roughness. A millimeter value of less than one is
shown with a zero to the left of the decimal point.
For example:
0.2 not .2 or .20
0.26 not .26

Onan SI Metric Units

42.5
(063 .871
25.8

19
 1. Place dimensions between views
when possible (See A).
I-- I" -1 --r- r"- "
.44

2. Place the dimension line for the

(A) PLACE DIMENSIONS BETWEEN VIEWS
shortest width, height, and depth,
nearest the outline of the object
(See B).
Parallel dimension lines are placed I. 1.20

.451-e." h ."
in order of their size, making the
longest dimension line the
outermost line.
(0) PLACE SMALLEST DIMENSION NEAREST
THE VIEW BEING DIMENSIONED

3. Place dimensions near the view

that best shows the shape of the LFA
object (See C). .20
.34 41 '413

46

(C) DIMENSION THE VIEW THAT BEST SNOWS

THE SHAPE

20

45 4C
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: t
 ANSWERS
CLUESTIOtS
15. Which two dimensions (letters) in the top view 1
1. What is the name of the object?
represent distance W in the side view?
2. What is the drawing number? 2
3. How many pieces are to be made? 16. Which line or surface in the side view
represents surface in the front view? 3
4. Of what material is the part made? 7
5. What is the overall width? 17. What is the height ofline
18. Which line or surface in the ront view 4
6. What is the overall depth?
represents the surface in the side
7. What is the overall height? 5
8. Which line or surface in the side view view?
0 in the top view? 19. Which line or surface in the tap view 6
represents surface
9. Which line or surface in the side view represents surface 0? 7
represents surface in the top view? 20. Which line or surface in the front view
10. Which iine or surfac in the side view represents surface 0? a
in the top view? 21. Which line or surface in the front view
represents surface
represents surface 7 9
11. Which line or surfa in the side view
represents surface of the front 22. Which line or surface in the top view
13
view? represents surface (D ?
12. What is the vertical height in the side 23. What type of line is 11

view from the surface represented by 24. What type of line is

12
line° to that represented by line 25. What units of measurement are used on
13. What is the height of the step in the si e this drawing? 13
26. Calculate dimensions B .0 and W .
view from the bottom of the part to the
surface represented by surface 7 14

14. Which two dimensions (letters) in the top view 15

represent distance V in the side view?
16

17

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26 8

QUANTITY 2
MS
MATERIAL
SCALE FULL SIZE
OATE

AS
DRAWN
COUNTER CLAMP
BAR

47
Tolerance is another important element of dimensioning. It is a figure given a plus
(+) or minus (-) quality.
It specifies the amount of error allowed when making a part.
Tolerances are used to ensure the accuracy and proper fit of parts. This allows
assembly and construction with the minimum of rework or adjustment.
For many parts, tolerances are standardized and are found in prepared tolerance
tables.

Tolerance Table Tolerance pecific Weld

'TOLERANCE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED''

ND ' Inc 41

x X i X i 06
.;... X : -442.00
" XX: XXX: ---
0 01- 4 41 0 15/1 04 004- 214 006/. 003 (Vo. is)
w
_j 5 O I t tt 1 29/-0 10 201- 421 004/- 404
ox 10 00-11 It 1 25/1 13 Am 743 01111 005

II 50-24 ti 10 3411-1 11 104- ?II 012/- 005 2227*:05

ORM TO I /A
1 tIqG TOL 4 2' of : I
i" stiit

22

48 49

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 of a reference line, an arrow and a tail.
The standard welding symbol consists
Reference Line: Used to apply weld symbols and other data
Connects the reference line to the join or area to be welded
Arrow:
Tail: Used to indicate a specification process or other reference

Tail
To include
specification process
or other references Tail omitted when Arrow--*-
a reference is not
used

Identify:
1: Reference
Line
2: Arrow
3: Tail

23
50 51
 t
1

The reference line of the weld symbol is always drawn horizontal to the bottom
of the print.
The lower side of the reference line is termed the arrow side and the upper side is
termed the other side.
The terms "arrow side" and "other side" apply to the location of the weld with
respect to the joint.

Other Side
Other Side
Arrow Side
Arrow Side

Why are the

reference
lines A and
B Incorrect?

24

5 '2 53
 FLANGE
SPOT OR BACK OR SURFACING
PLUG OR STUD .
SEAM BACKING CORNER
FILLET SLOT PROJECTION EDGE

le4 IC:71
ts JL 1.
N
. ' ' ''
, ... -
:
J .
"1. GROOVE ''.... ..
:' '..;";:: ''';-41;..- I..% ':. ,'
-
!:'" : :..,.,:.:....;.. . ,.;....::'::=.:4-.'''' :....'-':
........;:ti.:1%-...,,,.'",-. :
. FLARE- FLARE-
' BEVEL U J BEVEL
SQUARE
' SCARF V V
.

.
.r IC
\\ // \/ 1/ '-i-) I-)

25
54 55
 1.

' ::- :-.. .:': i*.o. : ...

-
..,...

..
::. SINGLEY..:.:;:::..::... ...'...; DOUBLE
'WELD : SINGLE .
i .
..i: : .: : V.: .
.. tcf.>.e.5:;,,:-:..:V...3-: ., lb.:.), :::::!
4.
MOM

\ ...,:.
vi....,:.
WI-WO .1.,
'.:',,t6
:.
&."4k ft .- 1 e-
t: ,.....s.
witv ..,), , :.!..,A.
:..GROOV E!: .
4:ifi:.(:,v:(,4,- .
,riv,:',. :.-..;.,A.,..4:.
st

. ::
i---:
,i t
ttgft0 ", 1...-
:I
1"."Arlrii,ep., -
. ,. ,.-: ...
.:,
SQUARE
E=3 pRoov.E.:.;
121:::1:;,-.. pi:.....,;,?!.
Ai- t ;.:.''.:!;"2Y.
. .
1 . ::' 'I:'...t. .
. *: f: : ti.:,:':,' :

Z
,, ,L....
,...%
.
BEVEL GROOVE
k,... ip,
-GROOVE
4
26
56 57
C.

, it 1,kW-34.'44W"-.4424. k..): 1, loltic,..4;41#2:'

.+ t ,.,.. i : '1,,.. kto.t2SA"61e. t(ge: #061.:ARMOVOIr it
gLiailf k !.A.-.0,FiEt:ri;i,. t .mELLT,, .,,..av,.., AT7.2441 IrCONSUMAB LI Ej44: dt011;41,..,.';'.;
, .
, ,...L.A7A
i. ......'
,,... ": ,...,,
.'''''''';.:.VJ E L D1474; )"'Ll..r ''''15.1"k
''''' q v itl!...t.i.:44v.saakit..,...s
..,,..,.:.,,............% .,,,.......
..,,i.'..- 4* ..°11 'br"-i% " n-'4. , :...,,,.....:,,,,,.,,,,,, ,,,,,e. ..., , .,t.t
4,1A , "14 lit ' t4c I NB, .ER.TO`
,.. F Li): 1-(. ,AlcoNvExi',4, -F.,,coN.u. Ay p,,,.,.
' . .."
A ii 0 U N 6,.,''''''' . . .
'-',"."'!;,,Ii*i4. ItP,J4T,!.:.1;;41,X11:1r$4;
mATEFI*4.1t.»
th.. ,, :,-,, - ; :: -1 ry:., 1, .4,vmotai,..,
.. . i..1...-.4.),.-4:c - -,,
BACKING
1---1 \...,
CER
7-41r7 ,eMPA \ V--
/
\----- V-
Weld All Around: Welds extended continuously around the joint are
indicated by placed the weld all-around symbol at the
break of the reference arrow.
Melt through: The melt-through symbols is used only when complete
root penetration plus visible reinforcement is required
in weld made from one side.
Backing or Spacer Material: Used to indizate bead-type back or backing welds of
single groove welds. The back weld is made after the
groove weld. The backing is made before the groove)
weld.
Contour: Supplementary contour symbols are used with the
weld symbols to indicate how the face of the weld is to
be finished: flush, concave or convex.

27
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58 59
 FINISH SYMBOL CONTOUR SYMBOL
ROOT OPENING; DEPTH OF GROOVE ANGLE; INCLUDED
FILLING FOR PLUG AND .ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK
SLOT WELDS FOR PLUG WELDS
DEPTH OF PREPARATION; SIZE LENGTH OF WELD;
OR STRENGTH FOR CERTAIN
LENGTH OF OVERLAP
(FOR BRAZED JOINTS)
WELDS; HEIGHT OF WELD
REINFORCEMENT; RADII OF PITCH (CENTER-TO-CENTER
FLARE-BEVEL AND FLARE-V A SPACING) OF WELDS
GROOVES; ANGLE OF JOINT CC
7.7)
FIELD WELD
(FOR BRAZED WELDS) 111 SYMBOL
TAIL OMITTED O 1-
WHEN REFERENCE sQL-P ARROW CONNECTED TO
IS NOT USED REFERENCE LINE
SPECIFICATION,
PROCESS, OR
OTHER REFERENCE
(N) WELD-ALL-
GROOVE WELD-SIZE AROUND SYMBOL
(EF FECTIVE NUMBER OF
THROAT) . SPOT, STUD OR REFERENCE LINE
PROJECTION WELDS
* BASIC WELD
SYMBOL OR DETAIL NOTE THE POSITIONING
REFERENCE OF THE TAIL ON THE
REFERENCE LINE AND
THE PLACEMENT OF
ELEMENTS IN THIS THE REFERENCE
AREA REMAIN AS
-s-SHOWN WHEN TAIL-r. INFORMATION WITH
AND ARROW ARE RELATION TO THE
REVERSED TAIL.

28
61
60
 5. The length of a fillet weld, when indicated on
1. Fillet weld symbols are drawn with the
perpendicuiar leg always to the left, the welding symbol, is shown to the right of
the weld symbol.
.25 6.00 41.
/V ---Tr-\ .38 r 4.00

2. Dimensions of fillet welds are shown on the

same side of the reference line and to the
left of the weld symbol.
6. The pitch (center to center spacing) of an
intermittent fillet weld is shown as the
distance between centers of increments on
one side of the joint. It is shown to the right
of the length dimension following a hyphen.
3. The dimensions of fillet welds on both sides
of a joint are shown whether the dimensions
are identical or different.

7. Staggered intermittent fillet welds are

The dimension does not need to be shown illustrated by staggering the weld symbols.
4.
when a general note is placed on the
drawing to specify dimension of fillet welds.

NOTE: SIZE OF FILLET WELDS .25 UNLESS

OTHER WISE SPECIFIED.
 9.
8. Fillet welds that are to be welding with
approximately flat, convex, or concave faces
without postweld finishing are specified by
adding the flab, convex, or concave contour
symbols to the weld symbol.
Fillet welds whose faces are to be finished
approximately flax, convex, or concave by
postweld finishing are specified by adding
both the appropriate contour and finishing
symbol to the weld symbol.

The following finishing symbols may be used to

specify the method of finishing, but not the degree
of finish:
K C - Chipping
G - Grinding
H - Hammering
M - Machining
R - Rolling

4r:

31 67
66
 ,;:..-:,-..i.:- -:,.:.'se '...:::... ':';:;..:

.., .
WELDING SYMBOL

ET4817- .39
38

ARROW SIDE

.38

OTHER SIDE

.25
AL .25

BOTH SIDES

i
i 1
n
. NG .38

NE. T. 38
WELD ALL AROUND FOR PARTS OTHER THAN ROUND
5

.38 / 7FLAT
SURFACE

CONTOUR SYMBOL
6
GROUND TO
.25 ra CONCAVE
CONTOUR

POST WELD FINISHING

7
.25V 3.00-8.00 i;25 1---E-5.00----7-1
1,-4 3.00 1.-- I 3.00

INTERMITTENT WELD ONE SIDE

8 .25 3.00-8.00
1:25 -.00
.25 3.00- 8.00

INTERMITTENT WELD 80TH SIDES

'9 .25 L. 3,00-8.00
25 V 3.00-8.00 L 1.25 8.00
UMW
H 3.00 1----1 3.00 I---I 3.00
1 124.00.-1
INTERMITTENT WELD STAGGERED ON OTHER SIDE

68 REST COPYAVAILABLE
 be used with contour symbols to indicate the method to
Finish symbols may
be used for forming the contour of the weld.
Letter designations are used for this purpose:
C is for Chipping R is for Rolling
G is for Grinding H is for Hammering
M is for Machining U is for Unspecified

A standard finish mark may be applied

to the contour symbol with a numerical
, degree of finish shown above the finish mark.

FLUSH CONTOUR
BY GRINDING

FLUSH CONTOUR U CURVED CONTOUR

BY CHIPPING BY HAMMERING

R
FLUSH CONTOUR
11
FINISH METHOD
/ UNSPECIFIED
FLUSH CONTOUR CURVED CONTOUR
BY ROLLING BY MACHINE

-70 33 70
1. Bevel-groove, J-groove, and flare bevel-
groove weld symbols are always drawn with DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION
the perpendicular leg to the left.

2. Dimensions of single groove welds are

shown on the same side of the reference line
as the weld symbol.

3. Each groove of a double-groove joint is

dimensioned, however the root opening
need appear only once.

4. For bevel-groove and J-groove welds, a

broken arrow is used, when necessary, to
identify the member to be prepared.

Oft

34
 DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION
DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION
° .25
90 0°
(.50) (.38)
(.50) /10 fl/L0l
90° .50
.25
.50 ' 5 Irl 5
IIIV.k:i:, *eft
.10 11111111111111
V-GROOVE 90°
.38

(A) COMBINED SQUARE GROOVE AND FILLET

(.50) 0 '
.3145-
45°
° MM. 0 .25
'38 .25 .31 .31
NO
MM. J5
0 °
...... 45
BEVEL GROOVE .31 I45°
(.38) .10 I / cm..
.50 .........1 350/
35° .50

.8 (B) COMBINED BEVEL GROOVE AND FILLET

WU S
.31
T
COMBINED SQUARE AND BEVEL -1F_.,,,, .5
.25
.38
.31 igt idilk
a
IIIII .26
.38

(C) COMBINED FLARE BEVEL GROOVE AND FILLET

35
73
 (.0)

DRAWING .CALLOUT.-'.:.': !'iNTBRPRETATION :..

,
5. When no depth of groove preparation and no -.,
groove weld size are specified on the .06T -.-1 [.*---.06
welding symbol for single-groove and
symmetrical doublegroove welds, complete
ARROW SIDE
MO
joint preparation is required.

GRIND FLUSH
IMUIll

---.-1 k--.06
0
\.._ i
OTHER SIDE
4
.12 60°
60° .......\\ /.....,.

MI= V
VGROOVE ---.-1 F.-.12

0 45°
450

all
BEVEL -,--/-*- 0

111111111MMONO'

36 76
75
 . .............
,'::.:T., .:',.... -'....:...::::::'..'.:..... .
DR AWINGQALLOUr INTERPAErATION
6. When the groove welds extend only partly
.75
through the member being joined, the size of (.76)
the weld is shown on the weld symboi
WIPs
SQUARE GROOVE

60°
0 60
.50
LI 11111110PAIII
0
V-GROOVE

25°

. 5

U-GROOVE
MI.
25°

(.50)
.06 45°
45°
.60

BEVEL GROOVE
-11
20
°
(.62)
- 0
I
:.'

.62 11.7%A

)
,
.1GROOVE
T ,-..120.\-/

37 Pi 0
7. A dimension not in parenthesis placed to the
DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION
left of bevel, V-, J-, or U-groove weld
symbols indicate only the depth of
preparation.

8. Groove welds that are to be welded with

approximately flush or convex faces without
post-weld finishing are specified by adding FLARE-V BEVEL
the flusn or convex contour symbol to the .50
welding symbol.
5
Groove welds whose faces are to be finished .25 .25
9.
.38 (.50)
blush or convex by postweld finishing are .25
.38 r.
specified by adding both the appropriate
contour and finishing symbol to the weld .38
symbol. Standard finishing symbols are: COMBINED FLARE-BEVEL AND FILLET WELD

C - Chipping
G - Grinding .38

H - Hammering
M - Machining
R - Rolling

The size of flare-groove welds when no weld DOUBLE FLARE-BEVEL

10.
size is given is considered as extending only
to the tangent point indicated by dimensions

38
79 80
 'INTERPRETATION.' .
DFiAWING CALLOUT .. 1. Holes in the arrow-wide member of a joint for
plug welding are specified uy placing the
1.073- weld symbol below the reference line.

OR
/
01.0010
wA
Loo \
SIZE OF PLUG WELD
2. Holes in the other-side member of a joint for
45°
.50 MN
plug welding are indicated by placing the
0.50
45° weld symbol above the reference line.
_ iNir
N.---
ANGLE OF PLUG WELD

5 .50
. 0 -..--1 1-*-0.75 3. The size of a plug weld is shown on the
same side and to the left of the weld symbol
i :PAM
\
S
S.
I 7
DEPTH OF FILLING
3.00 3,00
1.50 meg 3.00

4. The included angle of countersink of plug

Inab MI 41h,
it! welds is the user's standard, unless
ANIFIIIMINI otherwise indicated. Included angle, when
Vi
PITCH SPACING 01,00 not the user's standard, is shown.
1.00 0
60° G
,76
-..- /.00 -H2,00 6.00-. ---6 00 1.00 1 1

45°
ti: N
41fl) o° 1.00
V.I.
39
81
111111111111.11 k.
C

7. Plug welds that are J be welded with

5. The depth of filling of plug welds is complete
approximately flush or convex faces without
unless otherwise indicated. When the depth
postweld finishing are specified by adding
of tilling is toss than complete, the depth of
the fiush or convex contour symbol to the
filling, in inches or millimeters, is shown
weld symbol.
inside the weld symbol.
0°
.76 1 1 2.50

1.00 1 .50 1 1.00 3.00

45° 0° 'f,1
/
8. Plug welds whose faces are to be finished
6. Pitch (center-to-center spacing) of plug
approximately flush or convex by postweld
welds is she n to the right of the weld
finishing are specified by adding both the
symbol.
appropriate contour an finishing symbol to
the welding symbol. Welds that require a flat
.75
but not flush surface require and explanatory
40° note In the tail of the symbol.

.60 1 12.00

G 4
1"`
30°
.75 j 2.50

40 84
83
Fs.s. .

1. Slots in the arrow-wide member of a joint for

slot welding are indicated by placing the
weld symbol below the r )ference line. Slot
orientation must be shown on the drawing.

DETAIL A

2. Slots in the other-side member of a joint for 1---/---F<DET A

slot welding are indicated by placing the
EXAMPLE 1 SLOTS PERPENDICULAR TO LINE OF WELD
weld symbol above the reference line.
4.001-*--- 72.09
L 10 SLOTS EOL SP
ON 8.00 CENTERS

vt

3. Depth of filling slot welds is complete unless

otherwise indicated. When the depth of filling
is less than complete, the depth of filling, in
inches or millimeters, is shown inside the
welding symbol.
.50

.50 I 50H
TZ, 1,00

DETAIL 9 SLOTS PARALLEL TO LINE OF WELD

41
86
S5
 6.
4. Length width, spacing, included angle of
countersink, orientation, and location of slot
welds cannot be specified on the welding
symbol. These data are to be specified on
the drawing or by a detail with .reference to it
on the welding symbol.
<DET C
5. Slot welds that are to be welded with
apt oximately finish or convex faces without
postweld finishing are specified by adding
the finish or convex contour symbol to the
weld symbol.
42
Slot welds whose faces are to be finished
approximately flush or convex by postweld
finishing are specified by adding both the
to
appropriate contour and finishing symbol
flab
the welding symbol. Welds that require a
but not flush surface require an explanation
note in the tail of the symbol.
C
88
 projection welds is
1. The symbol for all spot or
the welding process
a circle, regardless of
to provide
DRAWING CALLOUT
used. There is not attempt
of making a spot
symbols for different ways and electron
GTAW weld, such as resistance, arc,
.25 for a spot weld is
beam welding. The symbol
a circle placed:
0.25 indicated arrow
Below the reference line,
side
GAS TUNGSTON-ARC SPOT indicated other
Above the reference line,
side
indicating that there is
On the reference line,
no arrow or other side

RESISTANCE SPOT
SIGNIFICANCE)
(NO ARROW OR OTHER SIDE

43
90
89
 3. The process reference is to be indicated in
2. Dimensions of spot welds are shown on the
the tail of the welding symbol.
same side of the reference line as the weld
symbol. or on either side when the symbol is
RSW
located astride the reference line and has
not arrow-side or other side significance.
They are dimensioned by either the size or
the strength. The side is designated as the
diameter of the weld at the faying surfaces
4. When projection welding is used, the spot
and is shown to the left of the weld symbol
weld symbol is used and the projection
The strength of the spot weld is designated
welding process is referenced in the tail of
in pounds or newtons per spot and is shown
the symbol. The spot weld symbol is located
to the left of the weld symbol.
above or below (not on) the reference line to
designate on which member the
it;
embossment is placed.
.120
//71-27:T\
SPECIFYING DIAMETER OF SPOT

5. The pitch (center-to-center spacing) is

7-T5-CY< ..1
shown to the right of the weld symbol.

SPECIFYING STRENGTH OF SPOT 150 0 6.00

44
9 ''
 of either
Where the exposed surface joint is to be
less than the member of a spot welded
6. When spot welding extends in the flush or convex
distance between abrupt changes welded with approximately that surface is
than the full
direction of the welding or less faces without postweld finish,
is dimensioned. flush or convex
length of the joint, the extent specified by adding the
symbol.
contour symbol to the weld

.18 W 2.00 to be finished

8. Spot welds whose faces are
2.50 24.00 flush, or convex by postweld
approximately adding both the
(A) DRAWING CALLOUT finishing are specified by symbol to
appropriate contour and fishing
that requires a
the welding symbol. Welds
require and
flat but not flush surface
the symbol.
explanatory note in the tail of

M
\__eL MACHINE.> 0
2 00 2.00 2,00
2.50 FLAT

INTER( RETATION

SS 45 94
 is a circle
1. The symbol for all seam welds
lines.
INTERPRETATION traversed by two horizontal parallel
DRAWING CALLOUT welds
II. This symbol is used of all seam
RSEW The
,25 200 - 4:00 regardless of the way they are made.
-.12,00 2,00 2.00 I-- (1) below the
1
seam welds symbol is placed
wide, (2)
reference line to indicate arrow
5 elI, other
vss% CIO ncian ow
li:Mar above the reference line to indicate
41 Hine to indicate
side, and (3) on the reference
111141111111.111111 SECTION that there is not arrow or other side
4.00 4.00 THROUGH
OF (RESISTANCE) ,...,ELD significance.
SIZE, LENGTH AND PITCH
SEAM WELD
,... EBW
200 mog

SEAM WELD
\ the
STRENGTH OF (ELECTRON BEAM) 2. Dimensions of seam welds are shown on
GTAW
line as the weld
.., same side of the reference
.25 am when the
symbol or all other either side
reference line.
1.61116111111 symbol is centered on the
. 414 .544 /

SECTION
H6,00 r-600 THROUGH WELD SPECIFYING WIDTH OF WELD
SEAM WELD
EXTENT OF (GAS TUNGSTEN ARC)

r.
BEST COPY AVAILABLE OF WELD
SPECIFYING STRENGTH

47 96
9'
 Intermittent seam weld is
5. The pitch of an
indicated in the tail between centers or
shown as the distance
3. The process reference is pitch is shown to
of the welding symbol. the weld increments. The
dimension.
the right of the length

2:0C - 4:00

of either member
weld, when indicated 6. When the exposed surface
4. The length of a seam is to be welded with
is shown to the right of a seamwelded joint
on the welding symbol, flush or convex faces without
seam welding approximately
of the weld symbol. when between abrupt surface is specified by
postweld finishing that contour symbol to
extends for the full distancethe welding, not
adding the flush or convex
changes in the direction of
needs to be shown on the the weld symbol.
length dimensions
seamweld extends
welding symbol. When a
length of the join, the
less than the full be shown.
extend of the weld should <
be finished
7. Seam welds with faces to
.25 3gE 8.00 < flush or convex are specified
approximatelh
by adding both the
approximate contour and
welding symbol.
finish symbol to the
11111, It> /---
1111111/111111111Mi-
.25

2.00 12 00

48
PY AVAILABLE
98

':DRA:I.1G CALLOUTINTERPRETATION
be
The following welding symbols are intended to
used for light-gage metal joints involving
the flaring
or flanging of the edges to be joined.

1. Edge-flange welds are shown by the edge-

a=3
NOT DETAILED DETAILED flange-weld symbol.
EDGE-F LANGE

NOT DETAILED DETAILED

CORNER-FLANGE 2. Corner-flange welds on joints detailed on the
drawing are specified by the corner-flange
weld symbol., Weld symbols are always
drawn with the perpendicular leg to the left.

EDGE-FLANGE WITH MELTTHROUGH WELD

NOT DETAILED DETAILED

3. Corner-flange welds on joints not detailed on
LG9NER-F LANGE WITH MELT-THROUGH WELD
the drawing are specified by the corner-
to
. 177-72.T1 flange weld symbol. A broken arrow points
.25
.09
the member being flanged.

NOT DETAILED DETAILED It

EDGEF LANGt7. DIMENSIONS

.09 49
NOT DETAILED DETAILED
1. 0 0
CORNER-FLANGE DIMENSIONS
3EST COPY AVAILABLE
 6. Dimensions of flange welds are shown on
4. Edge-flange welds requiring complete joint
the same side of the reference line as the
penetration are specified by the edge-flange
weld symbol The radius and the height,
weld symbol with the melt-though symbol separated by a plus (+) are placed to the left
placed on the opposite side of the reference
of the weld symbol. The radius and the
line. The same welding symbol is used for height read in that order from left to right
joints either detailed or not detailed on the
along the reference line.
drawing.

R+TH I
R;H

WHERE T WELD THICKNESS

H . HEIGHT OF FLANGE
R RADIUS OF FLANGE
5. Corner-flange welds requiring complete joint
penetration are specified by the corner- The size (Thickness) of flange welds is
7.
flange weld symbol with the melt-through specified by a dimension placed above or
symbol placed on the opposite side of the below the flange dimensions.
reference line. A broken arrow points to the
member to be flanged where the joint is not
detailed. .09
.12+.05 I
.124-.061
.05

JOINT NOT DETAILED

JOINT DETAILED

50

102