Introduction to Transportation

Planning and Engineering

CHAPTER 1
Learning Outcomes

• Define transportation engineering.

• Define and describe the components
of transportation systems, including
infrastructure, vehicles, and users.
• Learn the fundamentals of
transportation planning.
• Define key transportation agency
and explain the roles of these
agencies.
Transportation

Definition: the
movement of people
and/or goods from
one place to another
What is transportation engineering?

2Defined by Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) as:

“the application of technology and scientific principles to the

planning, functional design, operations, and management of
facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for
the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and
environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
What is transportation engineering?
• 1Transportation
engineering is a branch of
civil engineering that
involves the planning,
design, operation, and
maintenance of
transportation systems to
help build smart, safe, and
livable communities.
• 2Transportation engineering
involves the application of
principles from science,
technology, engineering, and
mathematics to address the
challenges associated with
planning, designing,
constructing, maintaining, and
operating transportation
infrastructure systems.
What is transportation engineering?

• Any system that moves people and

goods from one place to another falls
under the scope of transportation
engineering, which includes discipline
under:
Highway Engineering
Railway Engineering
Port and Harbor Engineering
Airport Engineering
What does a transportation engineer do?
2While their professional duties vary based on job level and specialization, some
of the most common responsibilities of a transportation engineer are:
• Draft design and construction plans for new transportation systems
• Investigate traffic problems and identify solutions
• Analyze engineering data and draw conclusions and recommendations
• Estimate project budgets for labor, materials, and equipment
• Discuss plans with contractors, local organizations, and the public
• Inspect completed projects to ensure safety and compliance to standards
• Model transportation systems to assess impact
• Oversee survey, staking, and layout of projects
• Present reports and proposals to stakeholders
What are the four major modes of transportation?
• Roadways or highways are the
means of transportation on land,
consisting of modern highways,
city streets, feeder roads, and
others that is catering for a big
range of vehicles and
pedestrians.

• Also, it is the ONLY MODE which

provides MAXIMUM SERVICE to
one and all.

• And among the modes, it is

possible to provide door to door
service only.
What are the four major modes of transportation?

• Railways are the most expensive

when it comes to transportation
on land.
• Also, when it comes to the
design of railways, it is more
meticulous as compared with
highway design.
• Railways have been used for
long as well as for short
distances and for urban travels.
For longer distances, railways
transportation is more effective
and advantageous than
highways.
What are the four major modes of transportation?

• It is one of the fastest system of

transportation. It provides comfort
and save time for passengers.
• But this system is more costly
compared to all other modes of
transportation.
 Infrastructure Cost
 Aircraft Acquisition &
Maintenance
 Fuel Cost
 Regulatory Compliance
 Labor Cost
 Security Measures
 Limited Cargo Capacity
 Weather Dependency
What are the four major modes of transportation?

• Transportation by water is the

slowest among the four modes.
This mode of transportation
uses oceans, rivers, canals, and
lakes for movement of ships and
boat.

• Maritime transportation is a
crucial mode of freight and
passenger transport, playing a
vital role in global trade and
commerce.
 LAND AIR WATER
PIPELINES
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION

ROAD
DOMESTIC INLAND OIL
TRANSPORT

RAILWAYS INTERNATIONAL COASTAL GAS

OCEAN OTHERS
What is transportation planning?

1Transportation planning is a multidisciplinary field that involves the

systematic evaluation, design, and implementation of transportation
systems to meet the present and future mobility needs of communities,
regions, or nations. It encompasses the development of policies,
strategies, and projects to enhance the efficiency, safety, sustainability,
and accessibility of transportation networks.
Transportation Planning Accomplishes Many Different
Things

1Provides • Traffic volume data, accident statistics,

the information, tools
and public engagement needed for
improving transportation system
performance.
public transit ridership figures,
demographic information, and land
use patterns
• Traffic simulation models,
transportation demand models,
environmental impact assessment
tools, and optimization software
• Town hall meetings, surveys,
workshops, online platforms, and
outreach events
• Reducing congestion, enhancing
accessibility, promoting safety,
minimizing environmental impacts,
and aligning transportation systems
with broader community development
objectives
Transportation Planning Accomplishes Many Different
Things
• A comprehensive approach
considers a wide range of factors Is a Comprehensive, Cooperative
and elements within the and Continuing process (3 C’s) that
transportation system. It also
involves considering both short-term requires monitoring of the system’s
and long-term goals.
• Cooperative approach involves performance and condition.
collaboration among various
stakeholders, including government
agencies, local communities,
businesses, transportation
authorities, and the public.
• Continuing approach recognizes
ongoing, iterative process that
evolves over time. It recognizes that
societal, technological, economic,
and environmental conditions
change, and transportation systems
must adapt to these changes.
Transportation Planning Accomplishes Many Different
Things
Influences many decisions,
including policies, choices among
alternative strategies, priorities and
funding allocations.
• Policies may encompass issues such
as sustainability, safety, land use, and
economic development.
• The decision-making process involves
choosing among alternative
strategies, such as investing in new
infrastructure, optimizing existing
transportation networks,
implementing new technologies, or
promoting alternative modes of
transportation.
• Transportation planning establishes
priorities by identifying critical issues
and setting goals and objectives.
Key Aspects of Transportation Planning

1. Land Use Integration - Coordinating transportation planning with

land use planning to create sustainable and efficient communities.
This involves aligning transportation infrastructure with residential,
commercial, and industrial developments.
2. Mode Choice - Analyzing and promoting a mix of transportation
modes, including roads, public transit, cycling, and walking.
Encouraging the use of diverse modes helps manage traffic
congestion and reduce environmental impacts.
3. Safety and Security - Incorporating safety measures and security
considerations into transportation planning to minimize accidents,
protect travelers, and ensure the resilience of transportation systems.
Key Aspects of Transportation Planning

4. Environmental Sustainability - Integrating environmental

considerations into transportation planning, aiming to minimize the
environmental impact of transportation infrastructure and operations.
This includes promoting sustainable practices and reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
5. Accessibility and Equity - Ensuring that transportation systems
provide equitable access to all members of the community, including
those with limited mobility. Addressing social equity concerns and
enhancing accessibility for underserved populations is a crucial
aspect of transportation planning.
Key Aspects of Transportation Planning

6. Economic Development - Assessing the economic impact of

transportation projects and planning initiatives. Well-planned
transportation systems can stimulate economic development by
improving connectivity, reducing transportation costs, and fostering
job creation.
7. Public Engagement - Involving the public in the planning process to
gather input, address concerns, and ensure that transportation
projects align with community needs and aspirations.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• Situation definition
• Problem definition
• Search for solutions
• Analysis of performance
• Evaluation of alternatives
• Choice of project
• Specification and construction
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Situation definition – the first

step which involves all of the activities
required to understand the situation
that gave rise to the perceived need
for a transportation improvement.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Problem definition – the

purpose of this step is to describe the
problem in terms of the objectives to
be accomplished by the project and to
translate those objectives into criteria
that can be quantified.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Search for solutions – in this

phase of the planning process,
consideration is given to a variety of
ideas, designs, locations, and system
configurations that might provide
solutions to the problem. This is the
brainstorming stage, in which many
options may be proposed for later
testing and evaluation.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Analysis of performance – the

purpose of performance analysis is to
estimate how each of the proposed
alternatives would perform under
present and future conditions. The
criteria identified in the previous steps
are calculated for each transportation
option.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Evaluation of alternatives – the

purpose of the evaluation phase is to
determine how well each alternative
will achieve the objectives of the
project as defined by the criteria. The
performance data produced in the
analysis phase are used to compute
the benefits and costs that will result if
the project is selected.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Choice of project – project

selection is made after considering all
the factors involved.
Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

• 1Specification and construction

– once the transportation project has
been selected, the project moves into
a detailed design phase in which each
of the components of the facility is
specified. For a transportation facility,
this involves its physical location,
geometric dimensions, and structural
configuration.
Transportation-Related Organizations

The Ministry shall be the primary policy, planning

programming, coordinating, implementing,
regulating and administrative entity of the
Executive Branch of the government in the
promotion, development and regulation of
dependable and coordinated networks of
transportation and communications systems, as
well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable
postal, transportation and communications
services.
Attached Bureaus and Agencies
Attached Bureaus and Agencies