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Q. What is Excel? Explain the features of Excel.

Excel: This is a Spread sheet program that allows you to organize, analyze, and graph information on your
computer. The excel features are given below.
1. Answered wizard 2. Auto calculation 3. Autos complete 4. Autos correct 5. Auto filter with top ten
6. Better drag and drop 7. Cell tips & scroll tips 8. Data map 9.Easier document retrieval & management 10.
Number formatting 11. Shared list. 12. Templates &template wizard.
Answer wizard: - Excel has a new feature called as answer wizard. This addition to the excel help system to
determine what kind of help you need based up on your questions you can type our questions in regular English
sentences.
Auto calc:- To create temporary formulas, quickly check totals you have to do know to sum a group of
numbers is select them, their sum will automatically appear in status area you can even average or
count the numbers by right clicking in the status area.
Auto complete :- We have entered a few letters we can even select from a list of entries. We have used
already excel make this list for you automatically.
Auto correct: - Like M.S. word, excel can automatically correct initials. This feature is not allow two initial
caps, capitalizing names of days and so…..on this features. It can be turned on or off and we can create your
own correct entries.
Auto filter with top ten: - Auto filter is a shortcut to sorting data. Just select a column (or) row and select
data filter excel will find the top ten highest values or lowest values depending up on your settings.
Better drag and drop :- Do you want to move a group of cells excel’s drag and drop feature lets you
reposition selected position of your spread sheet. By simply dragging them with your mouse remain use of
this feature for link between work sheets or work books.
Cell tips and scroll tips: - when you click and drag the scroll bar a small window tells you what row or column
your heading for. This is great for large work sheets. We can use cell tips to read notes you have made for our
self in cells. This is a good way to remained yourself of important points to related data.
Data map: - This is a graphical representation of globe symbol. This icon placed on the left Side of the standard
toolbar and also we can select insert data map. We can use it to made maps of your business in counties. This
can be impressive in the presentation.
Easier document retrieval &management: - we can quickly find the work sheets with fast find and
we can easily delete or rename files in the open dialogue box we can even preview files before opening them.
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Number formatting: - select the number and select format in the number tab, select the number style you want
to use. There are many for example, currency format date and time format and so……on.
Shared list:- we can have work sheets that are shared simultaneously over a network. We simple save your file
as a shared list than anyone on the network can open it and work on it this is also known as multiuser editing.
Templates & templates wizard: - Re modification of your own window that is called as template or we can
select from a variety, elegantly designed templates for your name or business
Q. Define the work book& Worksheet
Definition of work book: - In Microsoft excel a work book is the file in which we work and store our data. Each
work book can contain many sheets. We can organize various kinds of related.
Worksheet: - The basic work area in an excel workbook is a worksheet, which is sometimes called a
spreadsheet. We can use worksheets to list and analysis. We can enter and edit data on several worksheets
simultaneously and perform calculations based on data from multiple worksheets. Each worksheet in excel is
made up of rows and columns
Q. Explain the special Spread sheet (work sheet) features?
A. it contains number of rows and columns in work spaces are called as spread sheet or work sheet.
The following are the important features of work sheet.
1. Work sheets are made up of cells arranged in rows and columns.
II. The crossed set of straight cells are called as columns.
III. We enter something like letters, numbers, and date and time into cells.
IV. Excel’s rows are usually identify with numbers and columns are usually identify with letters (a,z).
(V). The address of a cell is combination of the column and row headings.
(VI).we can also easily create formulas in the cells. For example we might enter 5 different numbers in cells from
A1 to A5 then place a formula in A6 cell that add those 5 numbers and display the result in cell a6.
(VII). Excel help to you quickly build formulas and use your key board and mouse.
(VIII).Excel also provides toolbar tools, menu choices and functions.
(IX).Excel also provides impressive charts or chart wizard.
Q. What are the important parts are of Excel window? or

Explain the components of Excel Window

Excel window has the following components. They are.
Title bar:- it appears at the top of the window. This bar display the title of the workbook that is name of
the workbook and also title bar contains window name and three buttons at its right side called as zoom.
They are.
(i) Minimize button

(ii) Maximize button
(iii) Close button
Click on the minimize button tells that minimum size of the window. Click on the maximize button appears
whenever a window in its maximum size. After that click on the close button tells that close of the window
Menu bar :- a menu bar contains all menus that are applied in a particular task. A menu bar is placed at
the top of the window below the title bar.
Toolbar: - tool bar contains tool buttons. Every tool button is equal into a command. The default standard and
formatting toolbars placed below the menu bar. This standard toolbars contain the options like new, open,
save, and print icons.
Formatting toolbar: - The toolbar tells about to set the margins with help of alignment buttons.
Formula bar: - It display cell reference area and function wizard buttons. The cell reference area is also called as
name box.
Column heading: - The excel sheet contains number of rows and columns. The columns are represented with
English letters starting from a to z . These letters are column heading. In any excel worksheet having 256
columns. The numbers start from A to XFD(16,483)
Row heading :- in excel worksheet the rows are represented with numbers. The numbers start from 1 to
65,536. In 2007 the numbers start from 1 to 10, 48,576
Cell: - The cells are building to blocks of any worksheet. A cell is a inter section point of a row and column. Each
cell is represented with cell address. The cell address is a column heading and row heading.Ex: - B10
Scrollbar: - Excel work sheet is a very big sheet. To move from one sheet to another sheet some navigation
tools are used. Scrollbars are for navigating through the worksheet. Horizontal scrollbar is used for moving
The worksheet from left to right. The vertical scrollbar is used for moving the worksheet from top to
bottom.
Sheet tab: - workbooks contain worksheets. Each sheet is label to line is sheet 1, sheet 2, sheet 3, - - - -
Whenever a sheet is open that button is highlight. Leaving button is rest disable or dehighlight. These buttons
are called as sheet tabs.
Status bar :- the status bar is placed at the extreme bottom of the worksheet. This bar displays the current
status of the worksheet.
How to enter and Edit text and Numbers in excel?
A. To enter the text used to label the things in your worksheet, simply activate the cell where you want the
text to appear. This text is also called as constant values or simply values.
B. As you start typing, the text will appear in the active cell and in the formula bar. Press enter or
Clicking the checkmark button in the formula bar.
c. We can type up to 255 characters per a cell. After you have enter text ,you can easily increase cell size
Editing Text: if we see spot an error while entering the text, simply press the backspace to correct it. If you see
an error after finishing the entry, activate the cell and edit the text use your windows text-editing skills here.
1. Drag over the text, if you want to delete or correct it.
2. Move the insertion point around the text on the formula bar as necessary .When the corrections have been
made, press enter or click the check mark button.
Replacing the text: If you want replace the text, activate the cell containing the text, then type the new text and
press enter or click the checkmark button.
Styling text: we can change the appearance of both text and numbers in cell (make things like bold, italic, size,
change font…..) Normally all the text in a cell is affected .But we can select to modify by apply the styles.
Entering and Editing Numbers:
Editing Numbers:
1. Numbers are the raw materials for the spread sheet. They are often refers to as constant values or simply
values.
2. We can enter the numbers into the active cell by using the letter keys above the number keys on your key
board.
3. In addition to the numbers 0 to 9, we can enter special symbols like +,-,<,>,$,%,@....
4. Excel ignores the + sign in numeric entries.
5. Excel treats commas and dollar sign ($) correctly and also enter numbers in scientific notation.
Q. Explain about Number Formatting.
Formatting Numbers:
Excel provides different type of cell formats. They are
1. General: It display the Number as a normal. The general format has no specific number format.
For ex: if we enter 322 in a cell then it shows 322.
2. Number: Number is used for general display of numbers.
Currency: it is used for general monetary values
Accounting: it line currency symbols and decimal points in a column.

Date & Time: Date format display the date and time in a serial numbers as date values. Date format begin with an
Asterisk (*) respond to change regional date and time settings that specified for the operating system.
We can select any of the date formats from date dialog box. Percentage: it multiplies the cell value by 100 and
displays the result with the percentage (%) symbol.
Special: Special formats are useful for tracking list and database values
Q. Explain Different operators available in Excel or
Explain different formula operators in Excel.

A. An operator is a symbol that performs some operations on operands. The operators like +,-,*,…
There are so many operators available in excel. They are
1. Arithmetic operators, 2. Comparison Operators, 3. Text Operators, 4.Range Operators.
1. Arithmetic operators: These are used to perform arithmetic calculations. The Arithmetic operators are
+ Addition, - subtraction. * Multiplication, / division, % modulo division.
We will use the above standard collection of arithmetic operators. The other can be useful for more complex
projects.
For example the formula =B5*10% would calculate 10% of the contents of the cell B5.The equation =B2Λ2 calculate
the square of the cell B5‘s contents.
Comparison Operators: These operators permit us to inspect two values and come to a conclusion about their
relative values. The operators are = equal to, > greater than, >= greater than or equal to, < less than, <=less
than or equal to
<>not equal to
For example the formula =c3>c4 .if it is true excel will display “true” otherwise it wise it will display “false”.
Text Operators: Excel Text operator is the ampersand (“&”). It is used to combine (concatenate) text. For
example if we had the word “hello” in a cell c3 and the word “BAKR” in the cell c4. Then we place the formula in
the cell c5 like =c3+c4, we would get the string “”hello BAKR”
Range Operator: Excel offers range or reference operator .It is used for range of cells. For example the formula
=sum (B1:B10) refers to cell B1, B10 and all the cells between them.
Q. Write about Auto fill in Excel.
A. Auto fill is a tool that permits us select cells or cell of insert data and make relative copies them in a adjacent
cells .Auto fill can also used for copy formula.
For example to use auto fill simply highlight the cells, Place the mouse pointer on the active cell, at the
bottom corner of the active cell, the mouse pointer turn into large ‘ +’ sign . Then drag and the fill using square
handle Called as the fill handle.
Auto filling date, months and years:

In Excel the date format is always in American format.ie mm/dd/yyyy. So we enter the date in this is style only.
Enter the date in the active cell and drag the cell up to required range of cell. Then we get:
To enter the names of month in the cell of Sheet using the Auto fill
Enter name of the month in a active cell and then drag the corner point of the active where the pointer
becomes “+” .Then excel automatically fill the rest of month names up to the range of cells.
To enter name of the Week day, select the cell where we want to enter name of week day and then enter any
name of the week day in the active cell. Hold and Drag the corner point of the cell where the pointer becomes
‘+’ sign. The names of the week day are automatically filled up to the selected range of cells.
Similarly we can also fill years (numbers)

Q. Write about Custom fill

A. Excel’s Custom fill option allows us to fill our list. To get our own list we must follow the following steps
1. Select Excel option from file menu.
2. Select popular from Excel options and then select Edit Custom list.
3. Select New list from the Edit Custom Lists dialog box and then type in the entries /list in the List entries dialog
box.
To add our lists in the lists box, click on “Add” button after enter list in List entries. Then click on “OK” button.
Q. Explain about print option in MS Excel.

A. Print option is used to print the data in the Excel’s Work sheet. To print the data in the worksheet, we follow
the following steps.
1. Select the print option from file menu.
2. Select the printer name from the name box.

3. Select pages from page range like All, Current Page, Pages and also select number of copies from
the
page range section.
4. Select properties , If we want change any page settings like page size like A4,A5.., Page
orientation, Page
Margins.
5. Finally Select “Ok” buttons to print the required number of pages.

Q. What is Function and Formula in Excel?
A. A Function is a pre defined Expression, Which consist of operands and operators. The operator performs some
actions/operations on operands.
A Formula is Predefined function. It always start with equal (=) sign. Whenever we enter a formula in a cell,
It is also appear in the formula bar also.
Explain the cell references that are available in M.S.Excel? (or)
Explain the types of cell references?
In formulas we need to tell the cell identification for that purpose we consider the column label and row
number as reference for that cell. Types of references are
Absolute reference
Relative reference
Mixed reference
Named reference
Ranged reference
1.Absolute Reference: -
The absolute reference contain Dollar sign ($) before the column heading and row heading. For example to refer
B1 cell, we write it like $ B$1. Sometimes you want to specify an exact cell or cells not only for the First formula
but for other formulas that are copied.
2. Relative Reference: - Single cell reference to a specific cell is called as relative reference. In this type the
references are like A10, B12, C13 and so on.
3.Mixed Reference :- In some times we need to create mixed reference that point to a specific column and a
relative row like $ B1 or a specific row and a relative column like B$1
4. Named Reference: - It is necessary to assign name to cell or range of cells at that time, we can use named
reference. Suppose the cells from C3 to C9 are given to a name price then we can use the formula like =
sum(“price )”
5. Ranged reference: - To refers the range of cells we can use range operator (: ). The range reference considers
all the values within the boundary. Suppose we want to add the cells from A1 to A20 then we should write
formula like “=sum (A1: A20).
UNIT-II
Q. How can you change Width of a Column?
A. To change the width of a column, select the cell in which to change width of a column.
B. Select the “Format cell “from the Tool bar. Select column width option from the format cell “option list”.
The width of selected column is automatically changed.
Q. How can you change Height of a Row?
1. To change the Height of a Row, select the cell in which to change Height of a Row.
2. Select the “Format cell “from the Tool bar.

3. Select Height of a Row option from the format cell “option list”. The width of selected column is automatically
changed.
Q. How can insert new column to the sheet?
A. To insert new column to the sheet

1. Select the column where we want to insert new column.
2. Select insert option from the tool bar.
3. Select “Insert Sheet Column” option from the insert, new column will be automatically inserted in the sheet.
(Or)
4. Select the column where we want to insert new column.
5. Place the cursor on the cell and then right click on that cell.
6. Select insert option from the context menu of the cell.

7. Select insert column option from the insert dialog box.
8. Select “ok” button. The new column will automatically inserted to the left side of the column..
Q. How can insert new row to the sheet?
A. To insert new row to the sheet, we should follow the following instructions
1. Select the row where we want to insert new row.
2. Select insert option from the tool bar.
3. Select “Insert Sheet Rows” option from the insert, new row will be automatically inserted in the sheet.
( Or)
4. Select the row where we want to insert new row.
5. Place the cursor on the cell of row and then right click on that cell.
6. Select “Entire Row” from the insert “dialog” box.
7. Click on “ok” button, then new row will automatically inserted above the current row.
Q. How can delete a row from the sheet?
A. To delete a row from the sheet, we should follow the following instructions
1. Select the row where we want to delete row.
2. Select delete option from the tool bar.
3. Select “Delete Sheet Rows” option from the Delete, row will be automatically deleted from the sheet.
(Or)
8. Select the row’s cell /cell where we want to delete a row.
10. Select “Entire Row” from the delete “dialog” box.
11. Click on “ok” button, then new row will automatically inserted above the current row.
Q. How can delete a column from the sheet?

A. To delete a column from the sheet, we should follow the following instructions
1. Select the column/ cell where we want to delete column.
2. Select delete option from the tool bar.
3. Select “Delete Sheet Rows” option from the Delete, column will be automatically deleted from the sheet.
1. Select the column’s cell /cell where we want to delete a column.

3. Select “Entire column” from the delete “dialog” box.
4. Click on “ok” button, then the row will automatically delete from the current sheet.
Q. Explain functions in MS-Excel.

A. To use functions in Excel , select “formula “tab from excel window. There are so many functions are
available They are logical functions, text functions , Date & Time functions ,Financial functions, lookup &
reference , Math & Trig functions, information functions and Database functions..
Logical functions:
There are so many logical functions .They are AND( ),OR( ),IF( ), IFERROR( ) ,TRUE( ),
FALSE( ) and NOT ( ).
1. AND ( ): Checks whether all the arguments are TRUE, and returns TRUE, if all the arguments are TRUE.
Syntax: AND (logical1, logical2, ..)
Ex : AND(2+2=4, 2+3=5) o/p: TRUE
2.OR( ): Checks whether Any of the arguments are TRUE, and returns TRUE or FALSE , returns FALSE if all
the arguments are FALSE.
Syntax: OR (logical1, logical2, ..)
Ex : OR(2+2=4, 2+3=6) o/p: TRUE
3. IF ( ):
Checks whether condition is met, and returns one value if TRUE and re turns one value if FALSE.
Syntax: IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Ex: if(a1>=35,”pass”, “fail”)
4. IFERROR ( ):
Returns value_if_error, if expression is error and the value of expressions itself otherwise.
IFERROR (value, value_if_error)
Ex: IFERROR(2+2=3, “fail”)
5. FALSE( ) : returns the logical value False. This function takes no arguments.
Syntax: FALSE( )
6. TRUE( ) : returns the logical value TRUE. This function takes no arguments.
Syntax: TRUE( )
7. NOT(logical): changes FALSE to TRUE, TRUE to FALSE.
Ex: Not(true)= o/p: false.
Q. Explain about Text functions in Excel
Text functions:
1. BAHTTEXT(NUMBER):converts a number to text

Ex: BAHTTEXT(163).
2. CHAR(NUMBER): Return the character specified by the code number from the character set for our
computer. Ex.=char(112). o/p=”p”
.
3. CLEAN(TEXT): Removes all nonprintable characters from text
4. CODE (TEXT): Return a numeric code for first character of a text string.Ex: CODE (“bakr”)=98.
5. CONCATENATE (String1, String2,..)
Joins several text strings into one text string. Ex: concatenate (“Royal”, “B.com”)
o/p: royalb.com.
6. Dollar(Number, decimals):
Converts a number to text, using currency format.Ex: Dollar(150000,2)= $150000.00
7. LEN (text): Returns the number of characters in a text string.
Ex : len(“college”)= 7
8. Lower (TEXT): Converts all the letters in a text string to lower case.
Ex: Lower(“college”)= COLLEGE.
9 UPPER (TEXT): converts all the letters in a text string to upper case. Ex:upper(“mango”)=MANGO.
10 RIGHT(Text, Num_char): Returns the specified number characters from end of the string.
Ex: RIGHT(“HARI”,2)= O/P =R
11 LEFT(Text, Num_char): Returns the specified number characters from start of the text string.
Ex: left(“HARI”,1)= O/P =H
Q. Explain about Date & Time functions in Excel
1.Date (year, month, day): Returns the number that represents the date in Ms office excel date-time code.
Ex: date(2019,7,29)= o/p:7/29/2019.
3. Datevalue (date_value): converts a date in the form of text to a number that represents MS office
date-time code.
Ex: Datevalue(“7/29/2019”)= o/p:7/29/2019
4. Day(serial_number):Returns the day of the month, a number from 1 to 31
Ex: day(29): 29
5. Hour(serial_ Number): Returns the Hour as a number from 0(12:00 a.m) to 23(11:00 p.m)
ex :

A
1
Time
2
3:30:30 AM
3
4
3:30:30 PM
15:30
Formula Description (Result)
=HOUR(A2) Hour of first time (3)
=HOUR(A3) Hour of second time (15)
6. Minute (Serial_Number):Return a minute, number from 0 to 59.

Ex:

A
1
Time
2
4:48:00 PM
=MINUTE(A2) Minutes of the time above (48)
7. Month (serial_number): Return the month, a number from 1 (January) to 12(December).

A
1
Date
2
15-Apr-2008
=MONTH(A2) Month of the date above (4)
8. Now ( ) Returns the current date and time formatted as date and time.
Ex Now ( ): 8/4/2019 19:02
9. Second( ): Return a second , number from 0 to 59.

10. Time( ): Returns the current date , formatted as date.
Q. Explain about Math & Trig functions in Excel.
1.ABS( ): Returns the absolute value of a number , a number without its sign. Ex abs(-5)=5.
2.Even( ): Rounds a positive number up and negative number down to the nearest even integer.
Ex: =even(-1.5) o/p:-2
3. CEILING (number, significance): Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer multiple of the
significance.
=CEILING (-2.5,-1) o/p:-3
4. Fact( number): Returns the factorial of number, equal to 1*2*3….*number.
=fact (3) o/p:6.
5. Floor( number, significance): Rounds a number down , towards zero, to the nearest integer
multiple of significance.
=FLOOR(2.5, 1) Rounds 2.5 down to nearest multiple of 1 (2)
6. Gcd(number1,number2): Returns the greatest common divisor.

=gcd(4,8) o/p: 4.
7. Cos(number): Returns cosine of an angle. Ex =Cos(45) o/p 0.525322
8. Mod(number,divisor): Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.
Ex:=mod(45,3) o/p:0
9. Sin(number): Returns sine of an angle. Ex: Sin(60) o/p:-0.30481
Q. Explain about Statistical function in MS Excel.
MS Excel provides some many Statistical function. They are
1.MAX(value1, value2,…..): This function returns largest values in a set of values. Ignores
logical value and text.
. =MAX (459,486) o/p:486
2. MAXA (value1, Value2,….):This function returns largest values in a setoff values .Does
not ignores logical values and text..
=MAXA(8955,5326,,4530) o/p:8955
3. MEDIAN (NUMER1, NUMBER2, …..): This function returns median , or the number middle
of the given set given numbers.

=MEDIAN(456,423) o/p:439.5
4.Min(value1, value2, …..): This function returns smallest values in a set of values. Ignores
logical value and text.
=MIN(123,456,780) o/p:123
5. MAXA (value1, Value2,….):This function returns smallest values in a setoff values .Does
not ignores logical values and text..
=MINA (456,489,123) o/p:123
6. MODE (Value1, value 2, ….): This function returns most frequently occurring value, or
Repetitive, value in an array, or range of values.
=MODE (456,423,456,423,450) o/p:456
7.LARGE(array,k): Returns the k-th largest value in largest data set
Array is the array or range of data for which you want to determine the k-th largest value.
K is the position (from the largest) in the array or cell range of data to return
A B
Data Data
3 4
5 2
3 4
5 6
4 7
=LARGE(A2:B6,3 3rd largest number in the numbers

) above (5)
8. COUNT(number1,number2,number3,…): This count function Counts the number of cells that

contain numbers and counts numbers within the list of arguments
COUNT (56,26, 48,12) o/p:4
9. STDEV(number1,number2, …) :This function Estimates standard deviation based on a
sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the
average value (the mean).
Syntax
STDEVA(value1,value2,...)
Q. Explain different types of Engineering functions in Excel.
MS.Excel has so many engineering functions. They are
1. CONVERT(number, from_unit, to_unit):
Number is the value in from_units to convert.
From_unit is the units for number.
To_unit is the units for the result. CONVERT accepts the following text values (in
quotation marks) for from_unit and to_unit.
The function Converts a number from one measurement system to another. For example,
CONVERT can translate a table of distances in miles to a table of distances in kilometers.
2. BIN2DEC (number): Converts a binary number to decimal.
Number is the binary number you want to convert. Number cannot contain more than 10
characters (10 bits).
Ex:=BIN2DEC(1100100):
Converts binary 1100100 to decimal

(100)
3. BIN2HEX (number, places): Converts a binary number to Hexadecimal.
Place is the number of characters to use.
Example:
=BIN2HEX(11111011,4) Converts binary 11111011 to hexadecimal with 4 characters

(00FB)
4. BIN2OCT (number, places): Converts a binary number to Hexadecimal.
Place is the number of characters to use.
Example:
=BIN2OCT(1001, 3) Converts binary 1001 to octal with 3 characters (011)
5. DEC2BIN (number, places): Converts a decimal number to binary.
Syntax:
DEC2BIN(number, places)
Number is the decimal integer you want to convert. If number is negative, valid place values
are ignored and DEC2BIN returns a 10-character (10-bit) binary number in which the most
significant bit is the sign bit.
A place is the number of characters to use. If places is omitted, DEC2BIN uses the minimum
number of characters necessary.
Example:
=DEC2BIN(9, 4) Converts decimal 9 to binary with 4 characters (1001)
6. DEC2HEX (number, places): Converts a Decimal number to Hexadecimal.

Number is the Decimal number you want to convert. Number cannot contain more than 10
characters (40 bits). Hexa decimal number in which the most significant bit is the sign bit.
A place is the number of characters to use. If places is omitted, DEC2HEX uses the minimum
Example:
=DEC2HEX(100, Converts decimal 100 to hexadecimal with 4 characters (0064)

4)
7. DEC2OCT (number, places): Converts a Decimal number to Octal number.
Number is the Decimal number you want to convert. If Number is negative, place is ignore
and DEC 2OCT returns 10 characters (30 bits). Octal decimal number in which the most
significant bit is the sign bit.
A place is the number of characters to use. If a place is omitted, DEC2OCT uses the
minimum number of characters necessary.
Example:
DEC2OCT(58, Converts decimal 58 to octal (072)

3)
8. HEX2BIN (number, places): Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.
Syntax: . HEX2BIN (number, places)

Number is the hexadecimal number you want to convert. Number cannot contain more than
10 characters. The most significant bit of number is the sign bit (40th bit from the right).
Places is the number of characters to use. If a place is omitted, HEX2BIN uses the minimum
Example:
=HEX2BIN("F", 8) Converts hexadecimal F to binary, with 8 characters (00001111)
9. OCT2BIN (number, places):This function Converts an octal number to binary.

Number is the octal number you want to convert. Number may not contain more than 10
characters. The most significant bit of number is the sign bit.
Places is the number of characters to use. If places is omitted, OCT2BIN uses the minimum
Example:
OCT2BIN(3, Converts octal 3 to binary with 3 characters (011)

3)
10. OCT2DC (NUMBER):This function converts an octal number to Decimal nuber.
Number is the octal number you want to convert. Number may not contain more than 10 octal
characters (30 bits). The most significant bit of number is the sign bit.
Example:
=OCT2DEC(54 Converts octal 54 to decimal (44)

)
Q. Explain about various Database functions in Excel.

These functions are very useful while working on the data, which are stored largely in the
database.
DAVERAGE ( database, field, criteria) Averages the values in a field (column) of records in a
list or database that match conditions you specify.
Syntax
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria)
Database is the range of cells that makes up the list or database
Field indicates which column is used in the function. Enter the column label enclosed between
double quotation marks, such as "Age" or "Yield," or a number (without quotation marks) that
represents the position of the column within the list: 1 for the first column, 2 for the second
column, and so on.
Criteria is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify.
UNIT-3
How can use graphics in Excel?
We can apply any of windows graphics skills to worksheet. The worksheet can include imported graphic
images, draw lines, text boxes and so on……we can use graphics to see the final appearance of documents are as
on integral part of a presentation.
Creating and placing graphic objects: ----
We can place graphics anywhere on the worksheet. Select the graphics to move resize and restyle them.
Importing Graphics: ---
Graphics from word art, clipart gallery and so on. If can be imported on the excel worksheet to do that.
 Select the object option from the insert menu.

 Select any of the available graphics.
 Use inserts option to paste it on the sheet.

Exporting Graphics: ----
Any graphic image from the clipboard can be posted on the excel worksheet.
Resizing Graphics: ------
To follow the given below steps to resizing graphics.
*select the graphic by pointing with your mouse.
*Then the handles appear. Drag on the handle to resize the graphic.
*To change both sides at once, drag the corner handles.
Positioning graphics on worksheet: ----
To move an object select and drag with your mouse to the desired place. To move more than one object, hold
shift button and click on each object.
Drawing Lines and shapes: ----
MS excel provides number of drawing tools by using toolbar. We can draw different types of lines drawing
toolbar provides shortcut tools like auto shapes and special like 20, 30 and shades . We can import graphics
from Bitmap graphics, paint brush files, clipart gallery, ms graphics and so on ……….
Q. Explain the parts of the chart.

Excel help you create charts in two are three dimensions based on the data in a worksheet.
You can take almost complete control over every part of your chart will appear with Excel’s chart toolbar and
menu choices. Whenever you change data in a worksheet will update chart that are linked to the changed data.
Parts of charts:-
The following are the different types of parts.
Chart data series: -- Series is a collection of related values that are plotted on the chart. Ex: - There are 3 data
series like Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4.
Data markers: ---
Data markers are the bars, pictures or other elements for the particular data point. It is also possible to use
different types of markers for different series in the same data.
Axes:--
The axes are a reference line denoting the one dimension of a chart. Excel can use up to 3 axes i.e., x, y, z.
Usually X—axes denoted horizontal from left to right and Y—axes denoted vertical from top to bottom. In a
chart the Y—axes denotes the depth and X—axes denotes the height.
NOTE: - x—axes is also called as category axes. The y—axes are called as time/ value series.
Category name:--
The names denoted on the category axes are called as category names. In 3D charts the y—axes also
contains category names. For example in the above figure contains the category names are 1970, 1980 and 1990.
Data series names: ---
The values that are plotted in the plat area on the y—axes are called as data series names. Data series names are
also display in a box along a color shade used for each data series.
Grid lines: ---

There are two types of grid lines.
1. Major grid lines
2. Minor grid lines
When data is plotted on the chart area without the gridlines. It is difficult to know the particular value when it is
placed.
Legend:--This is used to identify the difference between series.
Q. What is a macro, how to read a macro for excel data?

A macro is one or more actions that each performs a particular operation such as opening a form or printing
report. It can help you to automate, common task, for example, you can run a macro that brings a report when a
user clicks a command button.
Recording Macro: - We can follow these steps.
-- Click on tools menu
-- Select macro’s option and select “record new macro” option and click on it.
It opens a macro name box; enter a name for the macro.
The first character of the macro name must be a letter, other characters can be letters, numbers or underscore.
Character spaces are not allowed in a macro name, an underscore character will use as a word separator.
To run the macro by pressing a keyboard shortcut key, enter a letter in the shortcut key box. We can use
control + letter [for lowercase letters] or ctrl+shift+letter. [For Upper case letters].
Where letter is any letter on the keyboard, we cannot use a number or special character. In the “store macro” box,
click the location where you want to store the macro. To include a description of the macro, type the description
in the description box. Click on ok.
Running Macro: ---

Once you have recording a macro. We can use either keyboard shortcut key or tools menu option. If you use
the keyboard shortcut key then it will run immediately. The macro command provides a list of macros pick one to
select and once click on run.
Deleting Macro: ---
The following are the different steps to select a macro.
Select tools /macro, the macro dialog box is open.
Select a macro that we want to delete and click the delete button.
Click “yes” in the conformation dialog box, then macro will be deleted.
Q. Write the steps to create a chart using the chart wizard?
Ms .excel. Provides different types of charts using chart wizard. To create a chart follows the steps.
 Create a worksheet window containing the data for the chart.
 Select the data without any empty rows or columns.
 Click on the chart wizard option from insert menu or click on the chart wizard button on the standard
toolbar then the chart wizard will display with step 1 of 4.
 Now select the chart type and sub type. To press the [press and hold to view sample] button to see the
sample of the chart type and sub type. It don’t match your data then select another type of chart and repeat the
same process, until you select the required chart and click the next button.
 In the chart wizard step 2 to 4, if you want to change the range of cells. We can also change the chart i.e.
creating in to two ways. ie row wise and column wise.
In the chart wizard step 3 of 4, there are some options like chart titles, legend, gridlines and …. Select the option
by clicking on the option tab and click on next.
The last step 4 of 4 in the chart wizard we have two options for placing of chart. The two options are
1. As new sheet 2. As object in
Select the appropriate option for your requirements and click on finish button.
After performing the above steps in chart wizard is going to display a chart with your specifications.
Q. How to create chart on separate worksheet?

We can create the chart on separate worksheet in your current workbook. Then follow the given below steps.
 Select the data.
 Select insert/ chart/ As new sheet command in step 4 of 4 dialog box.
 You will see the chart wizard step 4 of 4 dialog box; click on as new sheet option.
 The chart wizard will create a new sheet with a tab containing the “chart 1”.
 Each new chart we can create this way, that is own worksheet in the current workbook.
 Rename the tab, double click on the tab and type the name.
Q. Explain about Editing charts.

It is possible to change chart types and formatting text and also change colours and .
Changing data series ranges ---
To change data series ranges, first select a char, then click on the chart wizard option. Then will see step 1 0f
2 that will specific a new data range by typing it or dragging with your mouse.
Selecting and editing chart components:--
 We can edit and specify components of a chart like text, gridlines, and shading for data marker simply
select by either single or double click on them.
 To edit the chart title click once to select the title and then change the different formats by using format
option.
 To select a data series click on any marker in the series.
 To select a gridline, simply click on a gridline.
 To select the plat area, simply click on in any part of the plot area.
 To select the entire chart click anywhere outside the plot area.
Q. How to insert a data map in a excel worksheet?
Excel has a new feature called data map that allows you to insert the maps into spread sheet. To insert a map
follow the given below steps.
*click on the insert menu and then select data map option or select the data map button on the standard toolbar.
*select the area location and click on ok.
*click and drag the mouse pointer on worksheet.
*If you want to change the location then again open the data map dialog box.
Q. How can you delete a chart?
To delete a chart, simply select the chart and press then ‘DEL’ key or use the clear command on excel edit
menu
Q. How to adding chart notes and arrows?

We can add chart notes by using the text box, follow the given below steps
1. Click on the textbox button in excels drawing toolbar .
2. Drag to create the outline of a textbox in the desired size.

3. Type and edit text-using text editing techniques.
Restyle and Resize the textbox:--
To change text boxes follow the steps –
1. To resize the textbox click on it, then it will appear 8 handles that are used to drag resize the outline.
2. To format the text sheet it and use the formatting toolbar or text related menu commands.
3. To make formatting change double click on the outline of the textbox and use format object dialog box.
Drawing & formatting arrows: -----
To draw an arrow follow the given below steps.
1. click on the drawing toolbar’s arrow button.
2. Then the mouse pointer changes into a “+”sign.
3. Drag the mouse pointer where you want arrow.
4. Then release the mouse button, the arrow appears on the screen.
Q. Explain the parts of a database and how to create database in excel window.
Excel documents are often refers to database as list. Excel database features sometimes can help you find and
manage but information and it has a number of data base features. Here are some parts of a database.
Database range: --- If you have databased that is small part of a large worksheet. Than excel will automatically
define like data base ranges like cells A2 to through E10.
Records and Fields: --- Excel row contains the data of data base. Each row is equal to one record. The column
labels use as a database field name.
Creating a database: --- We can create a data base follow these steps .
1. When you creating a database set a separate field for item because you will want to refer to separately.
2. For example if you want to sort on first and last line separately then create a field for each.
3. We can enter, edit and format the data in database in a easy manner.
4. Excel does not let you specify database. so it is possible to enter a number or text in to any field.
5. We can add fields to an existing database. For example, we can insert a column in the middle of the database by
using insert / column command.
Q. Explain about the data forms.

Data forms are handling for data entry and display and searching data. You can see the form by
selecting data / form we can use tab to move from text box to text box, in our data form. The following dialog box
from date. Form as shown below…
Adding & editing records in a data form: ---
To add a new record click on the new button or scroll to the last record, which should be empty in the data
form to edit records, scroll to the record of interest and use the standard window techniques.
Deleting records in the data form: ---To delete a record in the data form select the record and click the data
forms delete button. Click ok conformation dialog box then record will be deleted.
Search criteria: - You can use the data form to create and then scroll through collections of records that meet
specific criteria. Start by selecting the criteria button in the data form .
Ex:- You know who are get more than @50,000 salary then enter > 50,000 in the salary criteria text box.
Using wild cards: -- We can use * and ? as wild cards.
Ex:-A * finds the names starting with A letter and B?? Finds the names starting with B letters and contains two
letters only for this. We can use find next and find previous buttons to review multiple found records.
Q. How to do filter the data in excel spreadsheet?
After creating a table or database, we need to get the data in a particular table. Excel provides the filter option
to do that select the cells and select the filter option from data menu. Then auto filter creates for each column a
dropdown list, the list contain all the values for the column and the chokes like All, top10, custom..
When you use the one of these choices, excel will filter [hide] all the records not containing the selected value.
Ex: - you will see only records contain the sales values in their department field.
The custom choice is one of the filtering capability .click the dropdown list and select the custom option. Then the
custom dialog box is display and contains many different types of functions.
Ex: -- To see all the employees that get more than 26,000/- follow the given below steps.
1. Select custom from the salary drop down list, then the custom dialog box is opened as follows.
2. Select greater than option the dropdown list.
3. Enter the salary 26,000/- in the salary textbox.
4. Click on ok. Excel will filter [hide] the records for employee’s less than 26,000/-.
To remove the dropdown filter list select the auto filter choice from the filter submenu for second time.
Q. How to sort data in a database?

Excel will provide sorting techniques for the data. We can sort the data in ascending or descending order.
We can sort only one field follows these steps.
1. Activate any one cell in the field where you want to sort.
2. Click either the ascending or descending buttons on the standard tool bar
Another sorting techniques is the multi-level ----sorting. It is useful for the large database select the data where
you want to sort and select the sort option from the data menu then the sort dialog box will appear as shown
below.
For example in a large database there is a several people with the same name in the same department then we can
specific name in the first text box[sort by] and enter the department name in the second text box [then by]. It will
sort the records for the given order [that is ascending or descending].
Q. Explain about cross tabulating database?

Complex cross tabulation can also be reform on budgets and other large documents. The pivot table wizard table
is a big improvement over the cross tab wizard from the excel. Solve your work before using the pivot table
wizard.
1. After saving the work click anywhere in your database.
2. Select pivot table from data menu.
3. Specific a data source.
4. Drag items in the pivot table wizard step 3 of 4-dialog box to set the report. Where ever you change data in
your data base use the reform data button on the pivot toolbar.
Q. What is the use of subtotals in excel database?

The subtotals option let us recalculate the totals in divisions. Select the table and click on the subtotals
options from data menu then the subtotals dialog box will be display as shown below.
Select the desired functions like sum or count or max or min numbers and specific the classification of division
and click on ok. The excel spread sheet will display the subtotals by placing on the extreme left of the
spreadsheet.
To remove all subtotals, select the data and select the subtotals command on the data menu. In this dialog box
click on the remove, all button.
Q. Explain the what –if analysis in excel?

Sometimes we need to check the values whenever they are changed. Let us consider a example loan
payment of 10.5 % interest for a loan amount of 1, 00000/- in a duration of 5 years. It is also scenario o0f 10.5%.
What if the percentage falls into 8.75% or what if the duration increase to 6 years. For this type of questions, the
scenario manger will reduce the work with a nice summary report. To define a scenario,
1. Enter data on Excel sheet
Select DATA tab from excel Window,

Select What –If analysis from Data Tools.
Select Scenario manager from What-If analysis
.
Select add button from scenario manager.
Give a name to the scenario
Select changing cells, select the range of cells on which we are applied scenario.
Select ok button. Scenario values will be appearing.
Add another scenario for changing values. Give a new name to new scenario
Select ok button
Scenario values are appeared. Enter new values for change the criteria .
Click on ok button.
Scenario manager dialog box allows you to select the scenario To see the data based on the scenario select the
cell, click on show button to view the scenario.
It is also easy to select summary reports that show the expectation for each scenario and the results of each
scenario. Click on the summary button in the scenario manager dialog box. Then excel will ask you to define the
changing cells to be display, it propose a range for you. The scenario summary dialog box as show below
You will click on ok button then excel creates a report that show the different scenarios and their results.
UNIT-IV
Q. What is MS-Access? What is the purpose of MS-Access?
A. MS-Access is the relational database management system. It is a database program of RDBMS. It sets up the
relationship among different database.
Purpose of MS-Access:
1. It is used to create our own databases and database object such as tables, queries ,forms and reports etc.
2. It is used to store and retrieve information .It permits us to collect, organize, find, display and print
information .It comes with a number of pre-defined database design.
3. It has a utility to convert access database to world wide web format and vice-versa.
4. It can also accept database from many other resources directly.
5. It Microsoft Access Features provides user level security in- order to restrict access to certain database
objects to any of the authorized user name and password
Q. Write about features of MS Aceess.
Features of MS Access:
Ideal for individual users and smaller teams.
Easier than client-server database to understand and use.
Import and export to other Microsoft Office and other applications.
Ready templates for regular users to create and publish data.
Allows building and publishing Web databases effortlessly.
A user friendly feature ‘Tell Me’ for assistance.
Allows developers to create custom solutions using VBA code.
Hide/Show option for Ribbon.
Allows users to Report View Eliminates Extra Reports.
Allows output Reports in PDF format.
Q. What are the main components of the database? Explain.
A. The components of the MS access are..
1. Table:
A table is a collection of similar data about a specific copy such as product or supplier.
It is a combination of rows and columns. Each row of data is referred as a record and a column as a field.
 A Record is all the information contained in one row of access table . The records are made up of fields
 A field is the individual components of a record.
 The information stored in the table is called data.
2. Query: It is a a request to ms Access for information. Queries are away of searching for and compiling data
fron one or more tables.
Running a query like asking a detailed questions of your database. You can define queries to select , update,
insert or delete database.
3. Forms: It is an screen arrangement that makes it easy to entering ,modifying and viewing records. The reason
forms are used so often is that they are an easy way to guide people toward entering data correctly .
4. Report: A Report is an object in access databases designed for formatting , calculating ,printing and
summarizing selected data. You can view a report on your screen before we print. If forms are for input
purpose, then reports are for output.
5. Macro: An Access Macro is a script for doing some job. For example , to create a button which opens a report,
you could use a macro which will fire open report action.
6. Module: Module is an object in databases containing custom procedures that you code using VB. Modules
provides more discrete flow of actions and allow you to trap errors.
Q. What are the Data types available in MS-Access.

A. In Ms-Access , a table is represented by set of rows and columns. Each column is identified by its column
name or field name. Data type is a type of data that each column holds. Each data type is controlled by its size
known as column length or field length. In MS-Access there are different types of data types, they are
1. Text: It is a default data type. It holds text or Combinations of text and numbers. In this data type, the value
will start with a character but not a number or special characters. In MS-Access , the field length for text data
type is 256 characters(0-255)
2. Number: This data type holds numeric data used in mathematical calculations .The field length for number
data type is 1 to 8 bytes. This data type can contain decimal places also.
3. Date/Time: This data type holds the date/time values from the year 100 to 9999. The default size of this data
type is 8 bytes.
4. Yes/No: This data type holds any of the Boolean values such as YES/NO. In MS-Access 2000 , the field
length for the data type is 1bit.
5. Currency: This data type holds currency values and numeric data such as $235.The default field size is
8 bytes.
6. Auto Number: This data type holds a unique sequential number which is added for each record. The default
field size is 8 bytes.
7. OLE objects: This data type can store pictures ,audio ,video or others BLOBs(Binary Large Objects).The
default size is up to 2GB.
8. Hyperlink: This data type holds text or combinations of text and numbers stored as text and used as a
hyperlink. The default field size is 2048 characters.
9. Lookup Wizard: This data type uses the contents of another table or a value list to validate the contents of a
single value per row.
10. Attachment: This data type is not available in earlier version of Access. Files, such as digital Photos
,multiple files can be attached per record. The default field size is up to 2GB.
Q. How to create table /database table without using table wizard.
Or
How to create table using Design view.
A. In the creation of database tables we must know which information should be created and what names to be
given for each field and must be specified the data types of the field and their properties..
To design a table , we must follow these steps.
1. Open any existing database. or create a new database
2. Select create tab, select table design view from table window, then the following window will be open.
3. Double click on table design, then the following window will be open.
4. Then enter the field names and their data types and then click on close (X) of the current table window
Then a warning box will be appear, then ask “are you want save the changes(yes or No).If you select yes
then the following window will appear on the screen. Click on ok. The table will be created with “table1”
name. You can also change the table as my table in the save dialog box.
5. Double click on the “table Table1” which is appear in the table panel
6. The table will be open ,and then enter the data into table relevant to their data types.
7. Save the table.
Q. How to create table using Datasheet view?
A. To design a table in datasheet view
1. create a new database and save the database with suitable name.
2. Select the datasheet tab, Select Datasheet view from view icon.
3. The following picture will appear after selecting datasheet view .
4. Selecting rename option from field and column group in datasheet tab.
5. Rename the field name with suitable field name.
6. Open the table in the design view and change the data types of each field .
7. Save the table with suitable name
8. Double click on the table , table will be open and enter the data into the table according to data types of field.
Q. How to set primary key to the field in a table.
A. A Primary key is a constraint(rule), it doesn’t allow duplicate values and NOT NULL( not be empty.).
To set a primary key to field in table,
1. Open the database where the table is located. To do this select file menu and click on Open.
2. Open the table in a design view.
3. Place the cursor on the field name, where we want set primary key.
4.
5. Right click on the field extreme left of field name.
6. A menu will displayed , select the primary key from that menu.
7. Primary key will automatically set to the existing field name

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OFFICE AUTOMATION TOOLS……..IIB.

Q. What is Excel? Explain the features of Excel.

(VIII).Excel also provides toolbar tools, menu choices and functions.

(IX).Excel also provides impressive charts or chart wizard.

Q. What are the important parts are of Excel window? or

Explain the components of Excel Window

(i) Minimize button

1. Drag over the text, if you want to delete or correct it.

Entering and Editing Numbers:

3. In addition to the numbers 0 to 9, we can enter special symbols like +,-,<,>,$,%,@....

4. Excel ignores the + sign in numeric entries.

Q. Explain about Number Formatting.

Excel provides different type of cell formats. They are

Currency: it is used for general monetary values

Accounting: it line currency symbols and decimal points in a column.

Q. Explain Different operators available in Excel or

Explain different formula operators in Excel.

handle Called as the fill handle.

Auto filling date, months and years:

Similarly we can also fill years (numbers)

Q. Write about Custom fill

Q. Explain about print option in MS Excel.

2. Select the printer name from the name box.

5. Finally Select “Ok” buttons to print the required number of pages.

Q. How can you change Width of a Column?

2. Select the “Format cell “from the Tool bar.

A. To insert new column to the sheet

6. Select insert option from the context menu of the cell.

Q. How can insert new row to the sheet?

Q. How can delete a row from the sheet?

Q. How can delete a column from the sheet?

1. Select the column’s cell /cell where we want to delete a column.

Q. Explain functions in MS-Excel.

1. BAHTTEXT(NUMBER):converts a number to text

Formula Description (Result)

=HOUR(A2) Hour of first time (3)

=HOUR(A3) Hour of second time (15)

6. Minute (Serial_Number):Return a minute, number from 0 to 59.

Formula Description (Result)

=MINUTE(A2) Minutes of the time above (48)

7. Month (serial_number): Return the month, a number from 1 (January) to 12(December).

Formula Description (Result)

=MONTH(A2) Month of the date above (4)

9. Second( ): Return a second , number from 0 to 59.

Q. Explain about Math & Trig functions in Excel.

=FLOOR(2.5, 1) Rounds 2.5 down to nearest multiple of 1 (2)

6. Gcd(number1,number2): Returns the greatest common divisor.

MS Excel provides some many Statistical function. They are

of the given set given numbers.

Formula Description (Result)

=LARGE(A2:B6,3 3rd largest number in the numbers

8. COUNT(number1,number2,number3,…): This count function Counts the number of cells that

Converts binary 1100100 to decimal

=BIN2HEX(11111011,4) Converts binary 11111011 to hexadecimal with 4 characters

=DEC2BIN(9, 4) Converts decimal 9 to binary with 4 characters (1001)

6. DEC2HEX (number, places): Converts a Decimal number to Hexadecimal.

=DEC2HEX(100, Converts decimal 100 to hexadecimal with 4 characters (0064)

DEC2OCT(58, Converts decimal 58 to octal (072)

8. HEX2BIN (number, places): Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.

Syntax: . HEX2BIN (number, places)

=HEX2BIN("F", 8) Converts hexadecimal F to binary, with 8 characters (00001111)

9. OCT2BIN (number, places):This function Converts an octal number to binary.

OCT2BIN(3, Converts octal 3 to binary with 3 characters (011)

=OCT2DEC(54 Converts octal 54 to decimal (44)