CHAPTER NO 1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction of operational activities

Operational activities encompass the day-to-day functions and processes within an organization that are
essential for its overall functioning and success. These activities are the backbone of any enterprise, ensuring
that the business runs efficiently, meets its objectives, and delivers value to stakeholders. From production and
service delivery to customer interactions and internal management, operational activities span a wide spectrum,
shaping the core operations of an organization.

At the heart of operational activities lies the production and delivery of goods or services. For manufacturing
companies, this involves the coordination of raw materials, production processes, quality control, and
distribution. In the service industry, operational activities revolve around delivering high-quality services,
managing client relationships, and maintaining service standards. Efficient operational processes are crucial for
meeting customer expectations, enhancing satisfaction, and fostering repeat business.

Another pivotal aspect of operational activities is supply chain management. Organizations engage in a
complex network of procurement, logistics, and inventory management to ensure a seamless flow of materials
and goods from suppliers to end-users. Effective supply chain operations are not only essential for cost control
but also for maintaining optimal inventory levels, reducing lead times, and responding swiftly to market
demands.

Operational activities extend beyond the production floor and supply chain to encompass customer-facing
functions. Sales and marketing activities are integral to creating brand awareness, attracting customers, and
driving revenue. Customer support and relationship management also fall under operational activities, as they
involve addressing customer inquiries, resolving issues, and building long-term connections that contribute to
customer loyalty.

In the digital age, technology plays a significant role in shaping operational activities. Organizations leverage
advanced systems and software for resource planning, data analytics, and process automation. This integration
of technology optimizes efficiency, facilitates data-driven decision-making, and enhances overall operational
performance.

Operational activities are equally vital within an organization's internal functions. Human resources
management, for instance, involves recruiting, training, and retaining talented employees. Financial operations
encompass budgeting, accounting, and financial reporting, ensuring fiscal responsibility and compliance with
regulatory requirements. Effective internal communication and collaboration are also key operational elements
that contribute to a cohesive and productive work environment.

Risk management is an inherent component of operational activities. Organizations need to identify, assess, and
mitigate risks that may impact their ability to achieve operational objectives. This includes considerations
related to cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and external market fluctuations.

In conclusion, operational activities form the cornerstone of organizational success. Whether it involves the
efficient production of goods, effective service delivery, customer engagement, or internal management, these
activities collectively drive the day-to-day operations of a business. Continuous improvement, adaptability to
changing market dynamics, and a commitment to excellence in operational activities are essential for
organizations seeking to thrive in today's competitive and dynamic business environment.

Important of operational activities

Operational activities are of paramount importance to the success and sustainability of any organization. These
activities form the foundation upon which businesses operate and deliver value to their stakeholders. Here are
key reasons highlighting the importance of operational activities:

1. Efficient Resource Utilization: Operational activities involve the effective allocation and utilization of
resources, including human capital, technology, and materials. Efficient resource management
contributes to cost-effectiveness, ensuring that the organization optimizes its inputs to achieve
maximum output.

2. Customer Satisfaction and Retention: Many operational activities are customer-facing, directly
impacting the level of customer satisfaction. Efficient service delivery, prompt response to inquiries,
and high quality products contribute to positive customer experiences. Satisfied customers are more
likely to become repeat customers and advocates for the brand.
3. Revenue Generation: Operational activities play a crucial role in revenue generation. Whether through
the production of goods or the delivery of services, well-executed operational processes contribute
directly to sales and financial success. Streamlining operations can lead to increased productivity and,
subsequently, higher revenue.

4. Competitive Advantage: Organizations that excel in their operational activities can gain a competitive
edge in the market. This advantage may come from producing goods more efficiently, delivering
services faster, or providing superior customer experiences. A well-optimized supply chain and
production process can lead to lower costs, allowing for competitive pricing.

5. Adaptability to Market Changes: Operational activities that are agile and adaptable enable
organizations to respond effectively to changes in the market. This includes adjusting production levels,
modifying service offerings, or quickly incorporating new technologies. Businesses that can navigate
and capitalize on market shifts are better positioned for long-term success.

6. Risk Management: Operational activities involve identifying, assessing, and managing risks that may
impact the organization. This includes operational risks related to supply chain disruptions, regulatory
changes, or cybersecurity threats. Effective risk management safeguards the organization's continuity
and resilience.

7. Employee Productivity and Satisfaction: Operational activities extend to internal functions such as
human resources and organizational management. Well-managed HR processes contribute to employee
satisfaction, productivity, and retention. A satisfied and motivated workforce is instrumental in
achieving operational excellence.

8. Data-Driven Decision Making: Modern operational activities often leverage data analytics and
technology. This allows organizations to make informed, data-driven decisions. Analyzing operational
data can reveal insights into areas for improvement, efficiency gains, and opportunities for innovation.

9. Compliance and Governance: Operational activities need to adhere to regulatory requirements and
governance standards. Ensuring compliance with laws and industry regulations is essential for avoiding
legal issues and maintaining the organization's reputation.

10. Innovation and Continuous Improvement: Operational activities provide a platform for innovation
and continuous improvement. Organizations that foster a culture of innovation within their operations
can discover new ways to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and deliver better products or services.
 11. Brand Reputation: The way an organization conducts its operational activities reflects on its overall
reputation. Consistent, reliable, and high-quality operational performance contributes positively to the
brand image. Positive brand perception can attract customers, partners, and investors.

Changing scenarios of operational activities

The landscape of operational activities within organizations has undergone significant transformations in
response to evolving economic, technological, and societal trends. These changes reflect a shift towards more
agile, data-driven, and sustainable business practices. Here, we explore the changing scenarios of operational
activities across two key dimensions: technological advancements and the emphasis on sustainability.

Technological Advancements in Operational Activities:

1. Digital Transformation:

Technological advancements, especially in the realm of digital transformation, have reshaped the way
organizations conduct operational activities. Automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics are at
the forefront of this transformation, streamlining processes and enhancing efficiency.

2. Cloud Computing:

The adoption of cloud computing has revolutionized how operational activities are managed. Cloud-based
solutions offer scalable and flexible infrastructure, facilitating remote collaboration, real-time data access, and
seamless integration of operational processes.

3. Internet of Things (IoT):

Technologies have permeated operational activities in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare.
Smart sensors and connected devices enable real-time monitoring of equipment, inventory, and processes,
leading to predictive maintenance and improved resource utilization.

4. Block chain Technology:

Block chain is emerging as a disruptive force in operational activities, particularly in supply chain
management. Its decentralized and secure nature enhances transparency, traceability, and accountability in
complex supply chain networks.
5. Robotic Process Automation (RPA):

RPA is increasingly applied to routine, rule-based tasks, freeing up human resources for more strategic and
creative endeavours. This technology enhances operational efficiency, reduces errors, and accelerates process
execution.

6. Data Analytics and Business Intelligence:

The proliferation of data analytics tools and business intelligence solutions empowers organizations to make
informed decisions. Analysing operational data provides valuable insights, aiding in performance optimization,
risk management, and strategic planning.

7. Remote Work Enablement:

The advent of advanced communication technologies has facilitated remote work, transforming traditional
operational activities. Virtual collaboration tools, video conferencing, and cloud-based project management
platforms support flexible work arrangements and global team collaboration.

Emphasis on Sustainability in Operational Activities:

1. Green Supply Chains:

Organizations are increasingly integrating sustainability into their supply chain operations. This involves
reducing carbon footprints, optimizing transportation routes, and adopting eco-friendly packaging solutions.

2. Circular Economy Practices:

The shift towards a circular economy is influencing how operational activities are designed. Companies are
exploring ways to reduce waste, recycle materials, and extend the life cycle of products through repair and
refurbishment.

3. Renewable Energy Integration:

Operational activities are being reshaped by a growing reliance on renewable energy sources. Organizations are
investing in solar, wind, and other sustainable energy solutions to power their operations, aligning with
environmental conservation goals.

4. Ethical and Responsible Sourcing:

Sustainability considerations extend to sourcing practices. Organizations are increasingly focused on ethically
sourcing raw materials, ensuring fair labor practices, and avoiding the use of materials associated with
environmental harm.

5. Digital Sustainability:

Digital technologies are being leveraged to enhance sustainability. This includes using data analytics to
optimize energy consumption, implementing smart building solutions, and employing AI for predictive
maintenance to minimize resource wastage.

6. Eco-Friendly Manufacturing:

Operational activities in manufacturing are evolving towards eco-friendly practices. This involves
incorporating green technologies, reducing water and energy usage, and adopting sustainable production
processes.

7. Supply Chain Transparency:

Consumer demands for transparency have led to a focus on supply chain visibility. Organizations are investing
in technologies that enable end-to-end visibility, allowing consumers to make informed choices based on
ethical and sustainable considerations.

Issues of Operational Activities

Operational activities, while crucial for the functioning of any organization, are not without their challenges.
Issues arising from various internal and external factors can significantly impact the efficiency and
effectiveness of operational processes. Here, we delve into some key issues faced by organizations in managing
their operational activities:

1. Supply Chain Disruptions:

The globalized nature of supply chains exposes organizations to the risk of disruptions. Events such as natural
disasters, geopolitical tensions, or pandemics (as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic) can interrupt the flow
of materials, impacting production and distribution. Organizations must devise strategies for building resilient
and agile supply chains to mitigate these risks.

2. Technological Integration Challenges:

While technological advancements offer significant benefits, the integration of new technologies into existing
operational processes can be challenging. Legacy systems, resistance to change, and the need for extensive
training can impede the smooth adoption of technologies such as artificial intelligence, automation, and data
analytics.

3. Cybersecurity Threats:

With the increasing reliance on digital technologies, organizations face heightened cybersecurity risks.
Cyberattacks, data breaches, and ransomware incidents can compromise sensitive operational data, disrupt
processes, and erode customer trust. Robust cybersecurity measures are imperative to safeguard operational
activities from such threats.

4. Talent Shortages and Skills Gaps:

Recruiting and retaining skilled personnel is an ongoing challenge for organizations. Talent shortages and skills
gaps can hinder the effective execution of operational activities, particularly in industries undergoing rapid
technological transformations. Continuous training and development initiatives are essential to address these
challenges.

5. Compliance and Regulatory Changes:

Organizations must navigate a complex landscape of regulations and compliance requirements. Changes in
legislation or industry standards can impact operational processes, requiring adjustments to ensure adherence.
Keeping abreast of regulatory developments and implementing compliance management systems is critical.

6. Operational Inefficiencies:

Inefficiencies within operational processes can lead to increased costs, delays, and resource wastage.
Identifying and addressing bottlenecks, streamlining workflows, and implementing lean principles are essential
for enhancing operational efficiency.

7. Customer Expectations and Experience:

Meeting evolving customer expectations poses a continual challenge. Rapid changes in consumer preferences,
demands for personalized experiences, and the need for seamless interactions across channels require
organizations to adapt their operational activities to stay competitive in the marketplace.

8. Environmental and Social Responsibility:

Increasing awareness of environmental and social issues places a growing emphasis on sustainability in
operational activities. Organizations face pressure to adopt eco-friendly practices, ethically source materials,
and demonstrate social responsibility. Balancing profitability with sustainable practices poses a delicate
challenge.

9. Economic Uncertainty:

Economic fluctuations and uncertainties, such as recessions or global economic downturns, can impact
operational activities. Organizations must be prepared to navigate challenging economic environments, manage
costs judiciously, and make strategic decisions to ensure resilience.

Challenges of operational activities

Operational activities within organizations are confronted with a multitude of challenges that can impact
efficiency, effectiveness, and overall performance. Addressing these challenges is crucial for sustaining
competitive advantages, ensuring smooth day-to-day operations, and achieving long-term success. Here, we
explore key challenges faced by organizations in managing their operational activities:

1. Supply Chain Complexity:

The modern supply chain has become increasingly complex due to globalized markets, intricate networks of
suppliers, and a heightened interdependence of businesses. Managing this complexity poses challenges related
to coordination, visibility, and the risk of disruptions, which can impact the timely delivery of goods and
services.

2. Demand Volatility:

Fluctuations in customer demand, influenced by factors such as changing consumer preferences, economic
conditions, and global events, present challenges in demand forecasting and inventory management.
Organizations must strike a balance between maintaining optimal inventory levels and meeting dynamic
market demands.

3. Technological Integration:

While technology offers opportunities for operational optimization, integrating new technologies into existing
systems can be a significant challenge. Legacy systems, interoperability issues, and the need for upskilling the
workforce can impede the seamless adoption of technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and
automation.

4. Globalization and Geopolitical Uncertainty:

Operating in a globalized environment introduces challenges related to navigating diverse regulatory

frameworks, cultural differences, and geopolitical uncertainties. Trade tensions, political instability, and
changes in international relations can impact supply chains, trade routes, and business operations.

5. Data Security and Privacy:

As organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies and data-driven decision-making, ensuring the
security and privacy of sensitive information becomes paramount. Cybersecurity threats, data breaches, and
regulatory requirements (e.g., GDPR) necessitate robust measures to safeguard operational data.

6. Talent Management and Skills Gap:

Attracting, retaining, and developing skilled talent is an ongoing challenge. The rapid evolution of technology
creates a skills gap, making it challenging for organizations to find personnel with the required expertise.
Investing in training and development programs is essential to address this challenge.

7. Regulatory Compliance:

Organizations must navigate a complex landscape of regulations, industry standards, and compliance
requirements. Staying abreast of changes, ensuring adherence to evolving regulations, and managing the
associated documentation pose continuous challenges to operational activities.

8. Operational Inefficiencies:

Inefficiencies within operational processes can result from factors such as outdated workflows, redundant tasks,
or communication gaps. Identifying and addressing these inefficiencies is crucial for enhancing productivity,
reducing costs, and improving overall operational performance.

9. Customer Expectations and Experience:

Meeting the rising expectations of customers in terms of personalized experiences, quick response times, and
seamless interactions across channels is a persistent challenge. Organizations must align operational activities
with evolving customer demands to maintain competitiveness.
PROBLEMS

Operational activities within organizations often encounter various problems that can hinder efficiency,
effectiveness, and overall performance. These problems can arise from internal factors related to processes,
people, and technology, as well as external factors such as economic conditions and market dynamics. Here,
we explore common problems associated with operational activities:

1. Inefficient Processes:

Problem: Inefficient operational processes can lead to delays, bottlenecks, and resource wastage. Redundant or
outdated workflows hinder productivity and increase the likelihood of errors.

2. Poor Communication:

Problem: Communication gaps within and between departments can lead to misunderstandings, errors, and
delays in decision-making. Ineffective communication can hinder collaboration and coordination.

3. Lack of Agility:

Problem: Organizations that struggle to adapt quickly to changes in market conditions or customer demands
may face challenges in staying competitive. Rigidity in operational processes can impede agility.

4. Data Management Issues:

Problem: Poor data quality, lack of integration between systems, and difficulties in accessing relevant data can
hinder data-driven decision-making. Inaccurate or incomplete data can lead to flawed analyses.

5. Workforce Challenges:

Problem: Talent shortages, skills gaps, and issues related to employee morale and engagement can impact
operational activities. Inadequate training and development programs contribute to workforce challenges.

6. Supply Chain Disruptions:

Problem: Events such as natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, or global pandemics can disrupt supply chains,
leading to shortages, delays, and increased costs.

7. Technology Integration Challenges:

Problem: Integrating new technologies into existing systems can be complex. Legacy systems, resistance to
change, and compatibility issues can impede the smooth adoption of advanced technologies.
8. Regulatory Compliance Issues:

Problem: Keeping up with evolving regulations and ensuring compliance with industry standards can be
challenging. Non-compliance may result in legal issues and reputational damage.

9. Customer Service Problems:

Problem: Inadequate customer service processes, long response times, and failure to meet customer
expectations can lead to dissatisfaction, customer churn, and negative reviews.

BENEFITS

Operational activities play a vital role in the day-to-day functioning of organizations, contributing to their
overall success and sustainability. The benefits of well-managed operational activities are extensive and impact
various aspects of an organization's performance. Here are some key benefits:

1. Efficiency and Productivity:

• Benefit: Streamlined operational processes enhance efficiency, reducing waste and redundancies.

• Impact: Increased productivity and optimized resource utilization contribute to cost savings and
improved output.

2. Cost Reduction:

• Benefit: Effective operational management identifies cost-saving opportunities.

• Impact: Lower operational costs directly contribute to improved profitability and financial stability.

3. Improved Customer Satisfaction:

• Benefit: Well-executed operational activities lead to timely and reliable delivery of products or
services.

• Impact: Satisfied customers result in repeat business, positive reviews, and increased brand loyalty.

4. Adaptability to Change:

• Benefit: Agile operational processes enable organizations to adapt quickly to changes in the market or
business environment.
 • Impact: Enhanced adaptability ensures competitiveness and resilience in dynamic markets.

5. Quality Control:

• Benefit: Rigorous operational processes include quality control measures.

 Impact: Consistent high-quality products or services contribute to customer satisfaction and a positive
brand image.

6. Supply Chain Optimization:

• Benefit: Efficient supply chain management ensures timely access to materials and components.

• Impact: Reduced lead times, minimized stock outs, and optimal inventory levels contribute to cost
efficiency.

7. Data-Driven Decision Making:

• Benefit: Operational activities generate valuable data for analysis.

• Impact: Informed decision-making based on data insights leads to strategic planning and improved
organizational performance.

8. Employee Engagement:

• Benefit: Well-managed operational activities contribute to a positive work environment.

• Impact: Engaged employees are more productive, contribute innovative ideas, and are likely to stay
with the organization.

9. Innovation and Continuous Improvement:

• Benefit: Operational activities provide a platform for innovation and continuous improvement.

• Impact: Organizations that foster a culture of innovation stay ahead of the competition and adapt to
changing market demands.

METHODS TO EVALUETE THE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Evaluating operational activities is essential for organizations to ensure efficiency, identify areas for
improvement, and align processes with strategic goals. Several methods and tools can be employed to evaluate
operational activities. Here are some common methods:

1. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):

• Description: Establish and monitor key performance indicators that align with organizational goals.

• Application: Track KPIs such as cost per unit, production cycle time, customer satisfaction scores, and
employee productivity. Analyze trends and set benchmarks for continuous improvement.
 

2. Process Mapping:

• Description: Map out operational processes to visualize steps, inputs, outputs, and interactions.

• Application: Identify bottlenecks, redundancies, and areas for optimization. Process mapping helps
teams understand the entire workflow and enhances transparency.

3. Benchmarking:

• Description: Compare operational performance against industry benchmarks or competitors.

• Application: Evaluate performance metrics such as cost-effectiveness, cycle times, and quality against
industry standards. Benchmarking provides insights into best practices and areas for improvement.

4. Quality Management Systems (QMS):

• Description: Implement quality management systems to ensure adherence to quality standards.

• Application: Use frameworks like ISO 9001 to establish quality processes. Conduct regular audits to
assess compliance and identify opportunities for enhancing quality.

5. Customer Feedback and Surveys:

• Description: Gather feedback directly from customers through surveys and reviews.

• Application: Analyse customer satisfaction scores, feedback, and complaints. Use this information to
make adjustments to operational processes that directly impact customer experience.

6. Employee Feedback and Surveys:

• Description: Seek input from employees on their experiences with operational processes.

• Application: Employee surveys and feedback sessions can highlight areas for improvement, training
needs, and process inefficiencies. Engaged employees often contribute to operational excellence.

7. Balanced Scorecard:

• Description: Develop a balanced scorecard that aligns operational activities with strategic objectives.

• Application: Use metrics across financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth
perspectives. This holistic approach ensures a comprehensive evaluation of operational performance.

8. Cost-Benefit Analysis:
 Description: Assess the costs associated with operational activities against the benefits derived.

• Application: Evaluate the return on investment for various operational initiatives. This method helps
prioritize projects or processes that offer the most significant value.

9. SWOT Analysis:

• Description: Conduct a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of operational

activities.

• Application: Identify internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats.
This analysis helps in formulating strategies for improvement.

MEASURES OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Measuring operational activities involves assessing various performance indicators to ensure efficiency,
effectiveness, and alignment with organizational goals. Different industries and contexts may have specific
measures, but here are common measures of operational activities applicable across various domains:

1. Cost per Unit:

• Measure: Total operational costs divided by the number of units produced or services delivered.

• Purpose: Evaluates the cost efficiency of operational processes.

2. Cycle Time:

• Measure: The time taken to complete a specific process or task from start to finish.

• Purpose: Indicates process efficiency and identifies potential bottlenecks.

3. Productivity Metrics:

• Measure: Output per unit of input, such as revenue per employee or units produced per hour.

• Purpose: Assesses the efficiency of resource utilization and workforce productivity.

4. Quality Metrics:

• Measure: Defect rates, error rates, or adherence to quality standards.

• Purpose: Evaluates the effectiveness of quality control processes.

 

5. Lead Time:

• Measure: The time taken from receiving an order to delivering the product or service.

• Purpose: Reflects responsiveness to customer demands and supply chain efficiency.

6. Inventory Turnover:

• Measure: The number of times inventory is sold or used during a specific period.

• Purpose: Indicates how quickly inventory is being converted into sales.

7. Resource Utilization:

• Measure: The efficiency of resource usage, including equipment, labour, and materials.

• Purpose: Identifies underutilized or over utilized resources.

8. Customer Satisfaction Scores (CSAT):

• Measure: Surveys or feedback scores based on customer satisfaction.

• Purpose: Evaluates the impact of operational activities on customer experience.

9. Employee Engagement Scores:

• Measure: Surveys or assessments measuring employee satisfaction and engagement.

• Purpose: Gauges the impact of operational processes on workforce morale.

STRATEGIES

Effective operational strategies are crucial for organizations to achieve their goals, enhance efficiency, and
adapt to dynamic business environments. Here are several strategies for managing operational activities:

1. Process Optimization:

• Strategy: Continuously review and streamline operational processes to eliminate inefficiencies and
redundancies.

• Benefits: Improved productivity, reduced costs, and enhanced overall efficiency.

2. Technology Integration:
 Strategy: Invest in and integrate cutting-edge technologies to automate routine tasks, enhance data
analytics, and improve overall operational efficiency.

• Benefits: Increased speed, accuracy, and scalability of operational processes.

3. Supply Chain Management:

• Strategy: Optimize the supply chain by improving visibility, demand forecasting, and collaboration
with suppliers.

• Benefits: Reduces lead times, minimizes stock outs, and enhances overall supply chain resilience.

4. Quality Control and Assurance:

• Strategy: Implement robust quality management systems to ensure that products or services meet or
exceed quality standards.

• Benefits: Enhances customer satisfaction, reduces defects, and maintains a positive brand image.

5. Employee Training and Development:

• Strategy: Invest in ongoing training programs to upskill employees, ensuring they have the knowledge
and competencies required for their roles.

• Benefits: Improves employee performance, engagement, and overall operational effectiveness.

6. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen):

• Strategy: Foster a culture of continuous improvement where employees at all levels actively contribute
to identifying and implementing incremental enhancements.

• Benefits: Drives ongoing efficiency gains and innovation within operational processes.

7. Agile Methodologies:

• Strategy: Adopt agile principles to enhance flexibility, collaboration, and responsiveness to changing
market conditions.

• Benefits: Enables organizations to adapt quickly to new opportunities and challenges.

8. Risk Management:
 

• Strategy: Develop and implement comprehensive risk management strategies to identify, assess, and
mitigate potential risks to operational activities.

• Benefits: Enhances resilience and minimizes the impact of unexpected disruptions.

9. Customer-Centric Approach:

• Strategy: Align operational activities with customer needs and preferences, ensuring a positive
customer experience throughout the entire value chain.

• Benefits: Increases customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention.

CHAPTER - 2
COMPANY PROFILE
 VANDANA DIAGNOSTICS

Company Founder and Details

Company Name: Vandana Diagnostics

Established Year :2020

Nature of business: Health Care Industry

Number of employees: 12

Contact no: 9666196142

Address: No.11, Muddinapalya Main Road, Bel Layout 1st Stage,

Anjananagar, Bangalore - 560091 (Near Bindhu Amulya Apartment)

Owner Name: Manikanta

 Company Details

Vandana Diagnostics is a non-government company, incorporated in the year 2020. It's a

public unlisted company.

It is indeed a great privilege for me and my team to present Vandana Diagnostic Services in
Bangalore.
We have been inculcating the tradition, expertise, experience, accuracy from the last 3 years in
delivering affordable healthcare services in a patient-friendly environment, with a strong belief
in ethical and transparent medical practices. Vandana Diagnostic Services has established itself
as a comprehensive healthcare system in Bangalore, providing diagnostic services that include
the latest equipment with cutting edge technology. Our facility at Bangalore is not just
Diagnostic centres. It is truly a Health City, with state-of-the-art healthcare delivery system. We
offer a blend of the finest medical diagnostic services with compassion and a patient centric
approach, within the reach of everyone. Our staff are very well-trained professionals who treat
every patient with love and care.

About us

Vandana Diagnostics in Anjananagar, Bangalore

Sometimes you and your doctor may not be able to tell what's actually going on within your
blood, cells, tissues etc. That's when you'll need to visit specialists with equipment to perform
tests through which they will understand the state of your body internally. Your doctor will
then be able to interpret the test results from the specific values provided in your reports to
make a more informed diagnosis and supporting treatment plan.

There may be a lot of Diagnostic Centres in this place. But Vandana Diagnostics in
Anjananagar, Bangalore is quite a popular choice. They offer services like HIV Testing, Health
Packages, Health Check-up Packages. So, in case you need a better comprehension of your
bodily functions and systems, you can visit this place.
 Services

• Online Report: Patients can get their

report in online instead of visiting the
place to collect the report.

• Email Report Service: Patient will

get their report even for their given
mail ID as well.

• Single Location
• HIV Testing

• Health Packages
• Health Check-up Packages

VANDANA Diagnostics

• Diagnostic And Pathology

OUR MISSION:

"You treat, we chart" Virtual Physician scribes provide accurate, detailed charts in real-time so
that healthcare professionals enjoy what they are trained to do.

OUR VISION:

Virtual Physician Scribes vision is to integrate human and technological resources in patient
care for the betterment of all stakeholders in the healthcare industry.

Strength:

• The patients require no prior registration, and the consent is considered implied.
• Considering the pandemic, no physical contact with patients minimizes the risk of exposure as
consultation is through telecommunication.
• There is reduced out-of-pocket expenditure as traveling and other expenses are excluded.
• Human resources are better utilized.

• Accessibility of primary and tertiary healthcare through Teleconsultation is made to all.

• Patients are comfortable with Teleconsultation with the present digitalized trends.
• Minimum infrastructure is required to practice telemedicine.

Weakness:

• Teleconsultation quality depends on the speed and connectivity of internet services.

• Minimal emergency services are provided by telemedicine consultation.

• For cases that require patient counselling or where there is a need for “breaking bad news,”

telemedicine consultation is inappropriate. • There is poor quality of report exchange.

• Services of telemedicine are inaccessible to patients who are illiterate or do not have access to
technology.
• Often calls are made only for inquiry purposes rather than for consultation
• Arranging referral and transport services for interstate patients is difficult.
• The quality of patient data achieved is poor.
• There is an absence of physical examination of patients.
• There is a shortage of trained staff.
• The same doctor may not be available for follow-up.

Opportunities:

• The referral mechanism can be strengthened through telemedicine.

• For better patient diagnosis, point-of-care technology can be utilized through the hub-and-
spoke model.

• Patient’s records can be digitalized through the creation of Electronic Health Record (EHR)
and linking them to their Unique Health Identification Number (UHID).
• Geolocation of the patient can be used for an early investigation of a potential outbreak.

• Stringent guidelines should be proposed to avoid medicolegal issues and violation of privacy.

Threats:

• Record keeping is a major lacuna of teleconsultation, which may lead to medicolegal issues.
• The same physician may not be available for every teleconsultation.
• Privacy of the patient, especially vulnerable groups, while communicating with a doctor can
be hampered.
• Poor quality of telecommunication due to inadequate internet speed or network issues may
lead to poor quality patient care.
• Lack of awareness among beneficiaries regarding services being provided through
telemedicine.

REDUCE DOCUMENTATION TIME

Don't waste precious time doing data-entry into the EMR. Whether you do your charts in the
exam room or later, save 3-5 minutes on each visit by not worrying about documentation.
Less distractions during the visit

PATIENT SATISFACTION

Patients will enjoy a more personal visit from the provider since there is no need to document
during the exam. The virtual scribes also allow the patients to feel more comfortable by
giving the illusion of privacy.
Patient Privacy Protected.

EARN MORE REVENUE

You see 20 patients a day, and VP Scribes saves you at least 3 minutes per patient by not doing
clinical documentation. That is 1-hour you now have extra at seeing more patients and not
doing chart work!
ELIMINATE PHYSICIANS’ BURNOUT

Overworked physicians have a harder time giving their patients the care they deserve. With
virtual physician scribes, you can alleviate the daily clerical stresses of the electronic medical
record.
The physician connects with the scribe before they start seeing patients. During the visit,
the scribe will take detailed notes in real-time off the exam room's conversation. These
knowledgeable scribes are vital to have charts completed within 1-3 minutes.
Transcription + involves doctors sending us their dictations at their convenience and our team
scribing them within 12 hours. The doctor will dictate what he/she wants to be documented into
the EMR and the scribe will follow his/her instructions.

Challenges:

Several barriers challenge development, adoption and scale-up of diagnostics in low- and
middle-income countries. An innovative global health discussion platform allows capturing
insights from the global health community on factors driving demand and supply for
diagnostics.
We conducted a qualitative content analysis of the online discussion ‘Advancing Care Delivery:
Driving Demand and Supply of Diagnostics’ organised by the Global Health Delivery Project at
Harvard University. The discussion, driven by 12 expert panellists, explored what must be done
to develop delivery systems, business models, new technologies, interoperability standards, and
governance mechanisms to ensure that patients receive the right diagnostic at the right time. The
GHD Online platform reaches over 19 000 members from 185 countries. Participants in the
diagnostics discussion included academics, non-governmental organisations, manufacturers,
policymakers, and physicians. Data was coded and overarching categories analysed using
qualitative data analysis software. Participants considered technical characteristics of
diagnostics as smaller barriers to effective use of diagnostics compared with operational and
health system challenges, such as logistics, poor fit with user needs, cost, workforce,
infrastructure, access, weak regulation, and political commitment. Suggested solutions included:
health system strengthening with patient-centred delivery; strengthened innovation processes;
improved knowledge base; harmonised guidelines and evaluation; supply chain innovations;
and mechanisms for ensuring quality and capacity. Engaging and connecting different actors
involved with diagnostic development and use is paramount for improving diagnostics. While
the discussion participants were not representative of all actors involved, the platform enabled a
discussion between globally acknowledged experts and physicians working in different
countries.

Some of the possible solutions to adapt to overcome these challenges:

Focusing on preventive health:

One of the silver linings amid this is the renewed focus on preventive healthcare.
Individuals are aware and conscious about their health and are willing to undergo preventive
tests. With this, diagnostic players should leverage annual health check-ups, mammography
after the age of 45 for all women, cholesterol screening, eye testing etc.

AI-based solutions:
Adaptation to digital and Artificial Intelligence-based technologies for diagnosis
has opened the doors for newer avenues
Redesigning supply chains and logistics:
Keeping in mind the possible fourth wave (in case the scenario worsens), the
diagnostic players need to realign their focus and ensure a seamless supply chain to ensure
speedier results and digital reports, thus providing convenience to the end consumers.

More of Public-Private partnerships are required:

Enhanced partnerships will ensure more access to quality diagnostic services.
The Government making new announcements and with the additional budgeting
allotment of almost 64,125 Crore for healthcare infrastructure. We see a great
opportunity in the PPP space.
To conclude, the diagnostics industry will need to broaden its horizons to stay relevant in the long
term. We need to focus on newer diagnostic modalities and hone our skills on these as the routine
tests go mainstream and onto wearables and other cons

A STUDY ON “CHANGES IN OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS CHALLENGES

FACED BY EMPLOYEES WITH REFERENCE TO VANDANA DIAGNOSTIC AT
BANGLORE”
 INTRODUCTION ON TOPIC
Operational activities encompass the day-to-day functions within an organization that
are essential for its ongoing business. These activities typically involve the production,
delivery, and support of goods or services. Efficient operational management is crucial
for achieving organizational goals and maintaining competitiveness in the market. From
procurement to production, distribution, and customer service, operational activities
form the backbone of a company's overall functioning. From production and logistics to
customer service and administration, operational activities play a crucial role in
sustaining an organization's overall effectiveness and meeting its strategic goals.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Operational activities are the day-to-day activities of business entity. It includes
producing, selling, generating regular income, administrative practices, and maintenance
of effectiveness and efficiency in operational activities. The major role played in
regulating the operational activities of business concern is top level management as well
as the manager. The major issues arise through the different projects and their
requirement for the completion of project on time.

Therefore, it will impact on employee’s performance and efficiency in operational

activities. This research is useful to understand internal activities of business concern.

NEED AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research is useful to identify the drawbacks or inefficiency of operational activities
of business concern. This research helps to understand the different aspects of
operational activities and to make effective decision.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. Massimo Tipaldi, Lorenzo Feruglio, Pierre Denis, Gianni D’Angelo Annual Reviews in
Control 49, 197-211, 2020, This paper presents new perspectives on the application of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions to process Spacecraft (S/C) flight data in order to
augment currently used operational S/C health monitoring and diagnostics systems. It
captures the growing general interest in the usage of such techniques in the Space
engineering domain and applications.

2. Abdur Rais, Ana Viana International transactions in operational research 18 (1), 1- 31,
2011, Optimisation problems in healthcare have received considerable attention for more
than three decades. More recently, however, with decreasing birth rates in nearly all of
the developed countries and increasing average longevity globally, optimisation issues in
Healthcare have become noticeably important and attract keen interest from the
Operations Research community. Over the years, attention has gradually expanded from
resource allocation and strategic planning to include operational issues such as resource
scheduling and treatment planning.

3. Katie E Enock, J Jacobs Public health 122 (11), 1229-1238, 2008, OBJECTIVE To
undertake a review of the literature relating to public health planning and interventions
at previous summer Olympic and Paralympic Games and other relevant major summer
sporting events or mass gatherings, with a focus on official publications and peer-

reviewed articles.

4. MM Malik, S Abdallah, M Ala’raj, Annals of Operations Research 270, 287-312, 2018,

With the widespread use of healthcare information systems commonly known as
electronic health records, there is significant scope for improving the way healthcare is
delivered by resorting to the power of big data. This has made data mining and
predictive analytics an important tool for healthcare decision making. The literature has
reported attempts for knowledge discovery from the big data to improve the delivery of
healthcare services, however, there appears no attempt for assessing and synthesizing
the available information on how the big data phenomenon has contributed to better
outcomes for the delivery of healthcare services.

5. Jiamin Yin, Kee Yuan Ngiam, Hock Hai Teo, Journal of medical Internet research 23
(4), e25759, 2021, Background, Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are growing at
an unprecedented pace in health care, including disease diagnosis, triage or screening,
risk analysis, surgical operations, and so forth. Despite a great deal of research in the
 development and validation of health care AI, only few applications have been actually
implemented at the frontlines of clinical practice. The objective of this study was to
systematically review AI applications that have been implemented in real-life clinical
practice.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study about operational activities and its significance.

 To know the impact of changes in operational activities with reference to Vandana

Diagnostic
 To know the challenges faced by employees of Vandana Diagnostic in operational
activities.

 To identify the measures for an effectiveness of operational activities of Vandana

Diagnostics

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:

 Operational activities refer to the day-to-day processes task and functions within an
organizational that directly contribute to its overall functioning this includes but is not
limited to workflow procedures commutations channels technology utilizations and
collaboration methods
 Changes in operational activities pertain to intentional modification or adjustments made
to established procedures system or workflow within an organization these
alterations may result from technological advantages process optimizations
restructuring or other initiatives aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness
 Challenges faces by employees encompass various obstacles difficulties or disruptions
encountered by individuals in the workplace during or as a result of changes in
operational activities these challenges can manifest in the form of resistance to changes
increased workload uncertainty skill gaps and emotional stress

 By providing clear operational definitions for these key terms your study can establish a
solid foundation for understanding and analysing the impact of changes in operational
activities an employee with in an organizational context.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

A Descriptive and primary survey will be undertaken for the study of operational activities
with reference to Vandana Diagnostics

The main source of data collection are primary and secondary sources.

SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

• Primary Sources of Data:
The data will be collected through Questionnaire and Interviewing with company
employees.

• Secondary Data:
The secondary data will be collected through Journals, Articles, Magazines and
through various websites.

SAMPLING DESIGN

 Sampling plan
The collection of data will be collected through the employees of Vandana
Diagnostics
 Sampling method
The researcher will be identified simpler and on simple random sampling method to
collect the opinion of the respondents through structured questionnaires

 Sampling size
The sampling size of the respondents is 30.

PLAN OF ANALYSIS

Questionnaires will use to analyse the data and it will be represented through graphs, table,
charts and figures.
 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 The study is limited for 4 weeks.

 The study is limited to operational activities at Bangalore  The study is
conducted for academic purpose only.
 Limited time for data collection or analysis can impact the depth of the study.
CHAPTER SCHEME:

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

CHAPTER 2: Company profile

CHAPTER 3: Research Design, Methodology and Questionnaire approved by Guides

CHAPTER 4: Data Analysis and Interpretations

CHAPTER 5: Summary of findings, conclusion and

suggestion Bibliography

Annexure