ASSIGNMENT

Course Name: Business Analytics

Module 2: Business view of Information
Technology
1. What is Core business process?

A core business process is a set of interconnected activities and tasks that, when performed in a specific sequence, contribute to the
overall value creation within an organization. These processes are essential to the primary functions of the business and are critical for
achieving its strategic objectives and delivering value to customers.

Core business processes are typically the fundamental activities that directly relate to the organization's core competencies and the
products or services it provides. These processes are central to the company's mission and are crucial for its success in the marketplace.
Examples of core business processes can include product development, sales and marketing, order fulfillment, customer service, and
financial management.

Identifying and optimizing core business processes is often a key focus for organizations looking to improve efficiency, reduce costs,
enhance customer satisfaction, and gain a competitive advantage in the market. Streamlining these processes can lead to increased
productivity, better resource utilization, and improved overall performance.

2. According to your understanding, what are the chief characteristics of Internet-

ready IT application
Internet-ready IT applications, also known as web-enabled or web-based applications, possess certain key characteristics that make
them suitable for online environments and interactions. Here are some chief characteristics of such applications:

Accessibility: Internet-ready applications are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. Users can access these
applications through web browsers, allowing for flexibility and remote usage.

Platform Independence: These applications are designed to be platform-independent, meaning they can run on various operating
systems and devices without significant modifications. This adaptability enhances their accessibility.

Scalability: Internet-ready applications can scale easily to accommodate varying numbers of users and increased data loads. This is
crucial for applications that may experience fluctuations in user activity.

Interactivity: They often support interactive and dynamic user interfaces, providing a seamless and engaging user experience. This
can include features like real-time updates, multimedia content, and responsive design.

Data Security: Security is a paramount concern for internet-ready applications. They implement robust security measures, such as
encryption and secure authentication, to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access or malicious activities.

Integration with Web Services: These applications can integrate with various web services and APIs (Application Programming
Interfaces) to enhance functionality. This enables the seamless exchange of data with other applications and services.
Collaboration Features: Many internet-ready applications incorporate collaboration features, allowing multiple users to work
together in real-time. This is especially important for applications used in business environments or collaborative projects.

Cross-Browser Compatibility: They are designed to work consistently across different web browsers. This ensures a uniform user
experience regardless of the browser or device used to access the application.

Update and Maintenance: Internet-ready applications often have centralized update mechanisms. Updates and maintenance can be
performed on the server side, reducing the burden on end-users and ensuring that everyone has access to the latest features and
security patches.

Cloud Integration: Many internet-ready applications leverage cloud services for storage, processing power, and scalability. Cloud
integration enables efficient resource utilization and can enhance the overall performance of the application.

User Authentication and Authorization: These applications implement secure user authentication and authorization mechanisms to
control access to different features and data. This is crucial for protecting user accounts and sensitive information.

Overall, the chief characteristics of internet-ready IT applications revolve around accessibility, adaptability, security, collaboration,
and the ability to leverage the interconnected nature of the internet for enhanced functionality.

3. Why is 'Measurement, Analysis, and knowledge Management' so important for any

enterprise?
"Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management" (MAKM) are critical components for the success and sustainability of any
enterprise. Here are several reasons why they are important:

Performance Improvement: Measurement allows enterprises to assess their performance against predefined goals and objectives. Analysis
of this data provides insights into areas that need improvement, enabling the organization to make informed decisions and implement
strategies for enhanced performance.

Strategic Decision-Making: Through measurement and analysis, enterprises gain a better understanding of market trends, customer
behavior, and internal processes. This knowledge is crucial for making strategic decisions that align with the organization's goals and
position it competitively in the market.

Efficiency and Effectiveness: Measurement helps identify inefficiencies and bottlenecks in processes. By analyzing this data, enterprises
can streamline operations, reduce waste, and improve overall efficiency and effectiveness.

Risk Management: Knowledge of potential risks and uncertainties is essential for effective risk management. Measurement and analysis
allow enterprises to identify, assess, and mitigate risks, ensuring resilience in the face of challenges.

Customer Satisfaction: Understanding customer needs and preferences is vital for business success. Measurement and analysis of customer
feedback and behavior help organizations tailor their products and services to meet customer expectations, leading to higher satisfaction
levels.

Innovation: Knowledge management plays a crucial role in fostering innovation within an enterprise. By capturing, organizing, and
sharing knowledge, organizations can create a culture of continuous learning and innovation, staying ahead in a rapidly evolving business
landscape.

Adaptability: Enterprises operate in dynamic environments, and the ability to adapt is essential. Measurement and analysis provide the
necessary information for organizations to adapt to changing market conditions, customer preferences, and technological advancements.

Compliance and Governance: Many industries are subject to regulations and governance standards. Measurement and analysis help ensure
that an enterprise complies with legal and regulatory requirements, avoiding potential legal issues and reputational damage.

Employee Performance and Development: Measurement allows organizations to evaluate employee performance, identify training needs,
and provide opportunities for professional development. This contributes to a skilled and motivated workforce.

Continuous Improvement: Measurement, analysis, and knowledge management form the foundation for a culture of continuous
improvement. Regularly assessing performance, learning from experiences, and applying insights contribute to the ongoing evolution and
success of the enterprise.

Resource Optimization: By measuring resource utilization and analyzing data, enterprises can optimize the allocation of resources,
whether it's human capital, financial resources, or technological assets.
 In summary, Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management are integral to the success of an enterprise by providing the
information and insights needed for informed decision-making, performance improvement, innovation, and adaptability in a rapidly
changing business environment.

4. What is data quality and why it is important?

Data quality refers to the level of accuracy, completeness, reliability, and relevance of data. It is a measure of how well data meets the
requirements and expectations of its intended use. High-quality data is crucial for making informed decisions, conducting accurate analyses,
and achieving reliable results in various applications. Several key aspects contribute to data quality:

Accuracy: This refers to how well the data reflects the true values or states of the entities it represents. Accurate data is free from errors and
inconsistencies.

Completeness: Complete data includes all the necessary information without missing values or gaps. Incomplete data can lead to biased
analyses and decision-making.

Consistency: Consistent data means that information is uniform and does not contradict itself, both within the dataset and across different
datasets. Inconsistencies can lead to confusion and errors.

Reliability: Reliable data is trustworthy and can be depended upon for decision-making. It is free from errors, and users can have confidence
in its accuracy.

Relevance: Relevant data is directly applicable to the task at hand. Unnecessary or irrelevant data can introduce noise and distract from the
key insights.

Timeliness: Timely data is up-to-date and relevant for the current context. Outdated information may lead to incorrect decisions or analyses.

Validity: Valid data conforms to the defined rules and constraints of the data model. Invalid data may not fit the expected format or
structure.

Importance of Data Quality:

Informed Decision-Making: High-quality data is essential for making informed and reliable decisions. Decision-makers rely on accurate and
relevant information to formulate strategies and plans.

Operational Efficiency: Quality data ensures that business processes run smoothly and efficiently. Errors and inconsistencies in data can
lead to operational disruptions and increased costs.

Customer Satisfaction: Inaccurate data can result in misunderstandings or mistakes in customer interactions. Quality data contributes to a
better understanding of customer needs and preferences, enhancing customer satisfaction.

Compliance: Many industries are subject to regulations that require accurate and reliable data reporting. Ensuring data quality helps
organizations meet compliance standards and avoid legal issues.

Cost Savings: Poor data quality can lead to costly errors, rework, and inefficiencies. Investing in data quality upfront can save resources by
preventing these issues.

Trust and Credibility: Organizations that prioritize data quality build trust with stakeholders, customers, and partners. Reliable data
enhances the credibility of the organization and its decision-making processes.

Effective Analytics: Accurate and consistent data is essential for meaningful analysis. High-quality data ensures that the insights drawn
from analytics are reliable and actionable.

Strategic Planning: Organizations rely on data for strategic planning and forecasting. Quality data is crucial for identifying trends,
opportunities, and potential risks.

In summary, data quality is fundamental for the success and effectiveness of organizations across various industries. It is the cornerstone of
reliable decision-making, operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and overall business success
5. Elaborate types of digital data.
Digital data can be categorized into various types based on its format, structure, and characteristics. Here are some common types of digital
data:

Text Data:

Unstructured Text: This includes free-form text such as documents, emails, articles, and social media posts. Unstructured text data lacks a
predefined data model and is often challenging to analyze without advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques.

Structured Text: This refers to text data that follows a specific format or structure, making it easier to organize and analyze. Examples
include databases, spreadsheets, and CSV files.

Numeric Data:

Discrete Numeric Data: Consists of distinct, separate values. Examples include counts of items, product identifiers, or other whole numbers.

Continuous Numeric Data: Involves a range of values and can include decimals. Examples include measurements such as temperature,
weight, and height.

Audio Data:

Speech: Digital representations of spoken words or phrases. Speech data is often converted into digital formats such as WAV or MP3.

Music: Digital files containing musical compositions, often in formats like MP3, FLAC, or WAV.

Image Data:

Raster Images: Composed of pixels and include formats like JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Common in photographs and graphics.

Vector Images: Composed of mathematical shapes and are resolution-independent. Common formats include SVG and AI.

Video Data:

Digital Video: Sequences of images displayed rapidly to create the illusion of motion. Formats include MP4, AVI, and MKV.

Streaming Data: Video data delivered in real-time over the internet, often used for live broadcasts and online streaming services.

Geospatial Data:

GIS Data: Geographic Information System (GIS) data includes spatial information, such as maps, satellite imagery, and geographic features.
Common formats include shapefiles and GeoJSON.

GPS Data: Location-based data collected from Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, smartphones, or other tracking devices.

Structured Data:

Relational Databases: Data organized into tables with predefined relationships between them. Examples include SQL databases like
MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.

Spreadsheets: Data organized in rows and columns, commonly used for tasks such as financial analysis or inventory management.

Time-Series Data:

Temporal Data: Data recorded over time intervals. Examples include stock prices, weather data, and sensor readings.

Event Logs: Sequential records of events or transactions, often used for system monitoring, security, and audit trails.

Sensor Data:

IoT Data: Data generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart sensors, wearables, and connected appliances.

Environmental Sensor Data: Measurements from sensors that monitor physical parameters like temperature, humidity, and air quality.

These types of digital data can often overlap, and real-world datasets may include a combination of different data types. Understanding the
characteristics of each type is essential for effective data management, analysis, and interpretation.