MATH 101 – Fundamentals of Mathematics

Fundamentals of Mathematics
VENN DIAGRAM

The relation between and among sets can be represented pictorially by using the Venn diagram which was
introduced by John Venn, an English logician. Venn diagram consists of a rectangle which represents the Universal set U
and closed curves (circles) drawn within the rectangle to represent the subsets of U.

Examples:

1. A = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8} 2. X = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11}

B = {1, 3, 4, 5, 7} Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Z = {3, 6, 9, 12}

Set Relations

AUB AUB
A∩B=Ø A∩B

A’ A–B

Examples:

1. A survey was conducted to determine the subject that is most popular among freshman students in a certain
school. From a group of 1000 freshman students, 800 chose English, 720 chose Mathematics and 590 chose both
subjects.
a. How many freshman students chose at least one subject?
b. How many freshman students did not chose any of the subjects?
MATH 101 – Fundamentals of Mathematics

2. Fifty families were interviewed regarding 2 known brands of soap they prefer to use labeled as A and B:
15 families were for brand A
20 families were for brand B
7 families were for both brand A and B

a. How many families were using brand A only?

b. How many families were using brand B only?
c. How many families were using at least two brands of soap?
d. How many families were using at most one brand of soap?
e. How many families do not use any of the 2 brands?

3. A survey conducted among 1500 high school students revealed that:

850 students like basketball
580 students like volleyball
700 students like softball
350 students like both basketball and volleyball
280 students like both volleyball and softball
150 students like both basketball and softball
100 students like all three sports

a. How many students like basketball only?

b. How many students like softball only?
c. How many students like volleyball only?
d. How many students like at least two sports?
e. How many students like only one sport?
f. How many students did not like any of the three sports?