INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF HOT-ROLLED STEEL 10KhSND

A. G. Nasibov, L. V. Popova, and G. G. Gulei UDC 620.17:669.14.018.29

Steel 10KhSND is one of the most widely used construction materials. During produc-
tion of this steel at many factories (Kommunarsk Integrated Iron-and-Steel Works, Mariupol'-
skii Integrated Iron-and-Steel Works, "Azovstal'", etc.) there is a drop (approximately 60%)
in its mechanical properties.
The goal of this study is to develop a means for increasing the mechanical properties
of hot-rolled steel 10KhSND.
It is known from alloying practice that increasing the amount of manganese increases
the strength of steel through an increase in the percentage of pearlite and through grain
size refinement without a decrease in ductility [i].
We have investigated the effect of manganese additions (0.6-1.0%) and also of titan-
ium (0.003-0.12%) on the properties of steel 10KhSND in the hot-rolled condition. The
chemical compositions of the melts are given in Table I. The experimental steels were
melted out in a 50-kg induction furnace and poured into bars of 17 kg. These bars were
forged into billets and then rolled into sheet of thickness 12 mm.
It was established (Fig. la) that increasing the amount of manganese in the range
of 0.6-1.0% leads to an increase in the ultimate strength of the steel. Increasing the
amount of manganese did not lead to an increase in the yield point of steel 10KhSND (and
it is just this lower level of the yield point which determines loss of strength during
hot-rolling in the factories). The ductility characteristics, which were determined at
various temperatures, were not dependent on the manganese content over the range of com-
positions studied (Fig. ib).
The effect of titanium additions on the mechanical properties of the steel is shown
in Table 2 and Fig. 2. It can be seen that the ultimate strength and yield point do not
increase by more than 50 N/mm 2 when the titanium content is increased by 0.035% or higher.
The elongation and reduction in area show little change. The impact strength of samples
with a U-shaped notch and with a fatigue crack remain at a fairly high level.

TABLE i

1 I 0 ~ ~ 0 6 8 [ 0,79 [ 0,53 [ 0,021 I 0,020 0,024

2 I O ~ O ~ 66 I 0,77 I 0,50 I0,0381 0,020 0,020
3 ] 0 ~ ~ .06 ~1 0.67 ] 0.74~ 0,49 IO,O281 0,020 o,o18
4 I 0 ~ 7 t 0,70 I 0,76 ] 0,51 I O,OLO I 0,003 0,029
5 ] 0 ~ 4 ] 0,69 I 0,79 I 0,53 I 0,010 I 0,004 0,027
6 ] 0 ~ , 5 5 I 0,67 ] 0,75 [ 0,50 10,0121 0,035 0,024
~ , 6 3 I0,68 I 0,TS I 0,50 10,014[ 0,068 0,023
8 I 0,015 I 0,120 0.022

TABLE 2
LOu ,, [ Oy
T~,% [ N/n~2
!
0,003 I I 365 34 70
0,004 I 550 [ 41o 34 66
0,035 [ 600 [ 480 29 62
0,068 I 600 480 32 64
0,120 [ 6 0 500 32 69

I. P. Bardin Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from

Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 52-55, June, 1989.

460 0026-0673/89/0506-0460 $12.50 © 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation

 (Tu NIrmn2 ~17 ~o~2s~Jlcm2
r
120
fSO
8O o__ol__~.~, =
F60 / 40 • r

s,%
$40

°~o
N/ram2 _
-
gO
60
./,i
o
390 40
380 . . . . . . . .

~¢ o,e ~ , % 20
a 0
-80 --GO - 4 0 -20 0 ttest, °C

Fig. I. Effect of manganese on the strength characteristics (a)

and the temperature dependency of the ductility characteristics
(b) of steel 10KhSND: o, ") melt i; A, A) melt 2; D, ~) melt 3.

=,p J/cm2 at, J/cm2

200 i i

¢
80

/Y
44 ~ 4-0

J,%

8O
,I -40 -20
I
0 ttest, Oe
~0

0
-80 -GO -40 -20 ff ttest, °C

Fig. 2. Ductility characteristics of steel 10KhSND containing

varying amounts of titanium as a function of temperature. The
curves are shown with the number of the melt: o) melt 4; A)
melt 5; []) melt 6; O) melt 7; ×) melt 8.

It follows from the temperature diagram of steel 10KhSND (Fig. 3) that at rates of
cooling faster than 15°C/sec bainite forms, and at rates faster than 30°C/sec martensite
forms. At slower rates of cooling the ferrite-pearlite transformation takes place. The
critical points for steel 10KhSND are: Ac I = 755 C; Ac 3 = 880 C; Ar I = 660 C; Ar~ = 770°C,
An evaluation of the microstructure (Table 3) of steel 10KhSND showed that as the
concentration of manganese increased from 0.66 to 1.06%, there was a decrease in grain
boundary elongation, and the quantity of pearlite increased to 15%. Increasing the concen-
tration of titanium brought about a decrease in the grain boundary elongation but there
was variance in the grain texture. At a concentration of Ti of 0.07%, the amount of pearl-
ite decreased somewhat.
We used a high-temperature microscope made by the Reikhert company to study the kine-
tics of austenitic grain growth of steels containing varying amounts of titanium in the
range of 850-1250°C at 50°C intervals (Table 4). The grain size was determined by calculat-
ing the specific number according to the scale established in State Standard 5639-82.

461
 soo _ _

500 t

NO0 t [ L B

J00

zgg l"°oo: (°C/~) , , ~ ~ '1 t;'f ""l

117 42 0,4,~E .I 2 4" 85'/0 20 40 YO fOOZOOi,OOYOg "Ecool , s e c

Fig. 3. Temperature diagram of steel 10KhSND: the cooling

rate Vcool was determined in the temperature interval from
800-700°C; the hardness was determined at a load of i00 N,

TABLE 3

Elemental 1
composi-
"l
tion~ % D, ~n m o| Structure

0,66 0,022 1 20 %n+80 % q~

o,85 I - I 6,o19 2 25 % H+75 % ¢
1,o6 I -- I o,oL~ 2 35 % n+65 % q~
- Io, 002 I o,o~9 o 20 %/t+8o %
-- [ 0,035 [0,008--0,022" 1 20 % ~7+8o %
-- [ 0,070 10,098--9,015 l 15% r/+85 % ¢

*Observed variance in the grain

texture.
Designations: D) grain size;
H) pearlite; ~) ferrite.

TABLE 4
Ti.% Specificgrain number of steel IOKhSND at th, °C
850 i 900 950 1000 1050 1100 150 1200 1250

0,002
0,o26
0,054
0.07~
5,6

~,0~
I"1 4,4
7,
7,6
9,4
4,4
7,3
6,0
8,3
4,4
6,8
4.9
6.0
3,4
~,8
3,9
5.6
3,2
4,°
2.7
4:8
2;0
4,3
,,,0
3,6
1,9
2i2
2,5
1
,,0
,

In the melt containing the minimum amount of Ti (0.002% , the structure at a tempera-
ture of 830°C is characterized as already having sufficiently large (No. 5-6) and uniform
grains. Further increases in temperature increase the grain size to No. i at 1250°C. In
melts containing (0.026-0.075) % Ti the grains remain small (No. 9-10) up to a temperature
of 850°C, although the process of grain boundary "dispersion" between fine grains and the
formation of large-sized grains by the so-called "crowding out" of the fine grains can
be seen. The fine-sized initial grains in these melts can be seen up to 950°C, but there
is also observed a sharp variance in the grain boundary elongation. Further annealing
leads to an increase in the grain size by fusion, but the variance in the elongation re-
mains up to ll00°C, and in melts containing 0.026% Ti to even higher temperatures.
An analysis of the kinetics of austenitic grain growth show that in steel 10KhSND
containing 0.026% or higher amounts of Ti, there is inhibition of grain growth up to 950-
1000°C in comparison to melts without Ti.
Conclusions. i. Increasing the concentration of manganese to 1.0% in steel 10KhSND
increases the ultimate strength without changing the yield point.

462
 2. An increase in the ultimate strength and the yield point while maintaining the
same levels of ductility can be achieved by adding 0.03-0.07% Ti to steel 10KhSND. In
order to increase the strength of steel 10KhSND in the hot-rolled condition, we recommend
the addition of Ti in amounts close to the maximum allowable according to State Standard
19282-73 (0.03%).
3. The increased strength of steel 10KhSND containing increased amounts of Ti of
0.025-0.030% occurs as a result of decreased grain boundary elongation and a decreased
tendency toward grain growth.

LITERATURE CITED
i. L. V. Popova, and V. N. Zikeev, "The properties of a low-pearlitic steel containing
manganese," Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. ii, 8-11 (1974).

463