Adolescence 11th Edition Steinberg Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Adolescence 11th Edition Steinberg
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Chapter 07
Work, Leisure, and Media
1. Today's teenagers spend the most hours:
A. on schoolwork.
B. with members of their families.
C. on leisure activities.
D. working.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 182
2. All of the following led to an increase in free time for contemporary adolescents, except:
A. organized youth movements.
B. compulsory schooling.
C. improved economics after World War II.
D. adolescents gained more autonomy and became consumers with plenty of discretionary income.
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 182
3. What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the
early 2000s?
A. Boys had a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and girls had a significant increase in
time devoted to leisure activities.
B. There was a significant decline in time devoted to homework among girls.
C. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and leisure
activities.
D. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significant
increase in time devoted to leisure activities.

APA LO: 1.2
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 182
4. According to a survey conducted in the early 2000s, how do adolescents spend most of their leisure time?
A. in passive activities
B. on the computer
C. in physical activities
D. in intellectual activities
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 183
5. Adolescents spend the least amount of time on _____ activities and the most amount of time on _____ activities.
A. productive; maintenance
B. productive; leisure
C. maintenance; productive
D. maintenance; leisure
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Page: 183
7-1
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
6. Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity
would be associated with all but which of the following outcomes?
A. enhancing their feelings of self-confidence and self-esteem
B. higher school achievement
C. increasing their contact with adult role models
D. increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 183
7. What is the best way to conceptualize adolescents' free time?

A. Adolescents' free time is best thought of as a "zero sum" phenomenon, whereby involvement in one activity
displaces involvement in another.
B. There appear to be well-rounded adolescents who have substantial time commitments across many different
activities and others who do not participate in anything.
C. There appear to be two groups of adolescents: those who focus on one type of activity and others who are
nonparticipants.
D. There appear to be adolescents who have substantial time commitments across many activities, adolescents who
focus on one type of activity, and adolescents who do not participate in any activities.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Page: 183
8. American high school students spend fewer than _____ hours per week on homework, whereas Japanese, Taiwanese,
and Indian high school students average closer to _____ hours per week.
A. 10; 20 hours per week
B. 20; 20 hours per week
C. 5; 5 hours per day
D. 5; 5 hours per week
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 184
9. Which adolescent is least likely to spend leisure time reading?

A. Jeanne Marie, who lives in France
B. Valheida, who lives in Austria
C. Jeannette, who lives in the United States
D. Momoko, who lives in Japan
APA LO: 2.4
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 184
10. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased over the past two decades.
Which of the following is not an explanation for this?
A. Educational reformers began calling for tougher standards in high school.
B. Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission.
C. The recession during the first decade of the twenty-first century left many educated and qualified adults without
jobs.
D. The growth of new technologies during the first part of the twenty-first century expanded leisure opportunities for
many teenagers.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 184
11. Which adolescent is most likely to spend free time with friends?
7-2
A. Jenny, who lives in the United States
B. Genevieve, who lives in France
C. Juana, who lives in Span
D. Jae, who lives in Korea
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 184
12. Approximately how many of today's high school students will have worked in an after-school job before
graduating?
A. a handful
B. about 1 in 2
C. less than 10%
D. the majority
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 184
13. Which of the following statements about the history of the student worker is not true?
A. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs rose dramatically during the 1970s.
B. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased in the last 15 years.
C. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs increased dramatically during the first
decade of the twenty-first century.
D. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs declined during the first four decades of the
twentieth century.
APA LO: 2.4
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 185
14. According to the textbook, all of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United
States, except:
A. industrialization.
B. the expansion of the service sector.
C. the expansion of the retail sector.
D. a relatively short school day compared with other countries.
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 185
15. Which of the following characteristics of the retail and restaurant industries contributed to the rise in adolescent
employment?
A. need for part-time workers
B. abundance of low-wage positions
C. short shift schedules
D. All of these are correct.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 185
16. Compared to other times in recent history, how many adolescents have after-school jobs today?
A. Fewer adolescents have after-school jobs today than in recent history.
B. More adolescents have after-school jobs today than at any time in recent history.
C. The proportion of adolescents who have after-school jobs has been relatively stable for the last four or five decades.
D. None of these statements is true.
7-3
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 185
17. Who is more likely to hold a part-time job during high school?
A. Gino, a Canadian adolescent
B. Cheri, a Swedish adolescent
C. Hope, a Japanese adolescent
D. Selena, an American adolescent
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 185
18. Older students are more likely to hold _____ jobs and working teenagers in rural areas are more likely to be
employed in _____ jobs.
A. formal; agricultural
B. formal; informal
C. service; agricultural
D. service; informal
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 186
19. What kind of job is an eighth grader most likely to have?

A. baby-sitting or childcare
B. farm or agricultural job
C. store clerk or salesperson
D. fast-food-related job
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 186
20. Ryan did a survey at his middle school of the most common after-school jobs for the eighth-grade class. What are
his results likely to say?
A. movie theater usher and nurses' aide
B. baby-sitting and lawn work
C. fast-food worker and clothing store cashier
D. receptionist and paper carrier
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 186
21. Hillary is a high school senior. Which of the following jobs is she most likely to have?
A. food server at a restaurant
B. baby-sitter
C. gardener
D. housekeeper
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 186
22. Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in:
7-4
A. construction and manual labor.
B. restaurants and retail establishments.
C. offices and other clerical settings.
D. factories and manufacturing plants.
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Page: 186
23. Generally speaking, why are part-time jobs less common in European countries?
A. As the school day lasts well into the late afternoon, the scheduling of part-time jobs in most European countries is
not well suited to the daily routines of students.
B. Many low-class parents feel that it is inappropriate for their children to have jobs while attending school.
C. There are not as many opportunities for part-time employment in European countries as there are in the United
States.
D. There are laws in many European countries that prevent schoolchildren from working.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 186
24. Parker, a senior in high school, is looking for a job. What type of job is he least likely to take?
A. stock boy in a retail store
B. cashier at a minimart
C. pizza delivery driver
D. baby-sitter
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 186
25. What makes adolescents attractive targets for a variety of businesses?

A. the size of the adolescent population
B. the prevalence of student employment
C. the fact that adolescents save less than any other age group
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 186
26. The power of the adolescent as a consumer has increased as a result of:
A. the size of the adolescent population.
B. the prevalence of student employment.
C. the fact that adolescents save less than any other age group.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 186
27. According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development?
A. Working helps adolescents develop a sense of responsibility and prepares them for the transition to adulthood.
B. Working interferes with other activities, such as school.
C. Working promotes the development of undesirable behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use.
D. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on many factors, including the nature of the job,
the number of hours worked each week, and the aspect of development studied.
7-5
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
28. Stan's parents both work long hours. They are concerned that he doesn't have enough interaction with adults. If they
want him to be exposed to positive interactions with adult role models, which of the following activities should they not
encourage him to do?
A. join the high school baseball team
B. run for student council
C. get a job at the local music store
D. join the drama team and audition for the school play
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 187
29. Research assessing adolescent work experiences found:

A. adolescents have little opportunity to interact with other adolescents on the job.
B. adolescents often form close relationships with adults with whom they work.
C. high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers (stealing from employers, lying about the number of
hours worked).
D. adolescents find it easier to talk about their personal problems with adults at work than with their parents.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
30. Which of the following is true of most adolescents' jobs?

A. They encourage adolescents to behave independently.
B. They require challenging decision making.
C. Adolescents are rarely required to use skills taught in school.
D. Adolescents receive strict instruction from supervisors.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
31. Overall, teenagers are least likely to comment that their jobs:
A. are dreary.
B. offer good learning experiences.
C. provide opportunities to exercise responsibility.
D. pay well.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 187
32. Which of the following statements is not supported by research with regard to adolescent employment?
A. Working builds character, teaches adolescents about the "real world," and helps them prepare for adult
responsibilities.
B. The benefits of working during adolescence have been overstated.
C. Intensive employment during the school year may be detrimental to adolescent development.
D. Intensive employment during the school year may be detrimental to adolescents' preparation for adult work.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
33. Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:
7-6
A. family necessities.
B. leisure activities
C. household expenses.
D. college expenses.
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 187
34. Having more income than one can manage during early adolescence has been called:
A. precocious income.
B. displacement abundance.
C. occupational disparity.
D. premature affluence.
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 187
35. Which of the following is not an effect of premature affluence?

A. decreased satisfaction with their financial situations as young adults
B. increased social belongingness
C. increased drug and alcohol use
D. having a relatively luxurious standard of living
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
36. Which of the following is an adolescent the least likely to spend their job earnings on?
A. drugs and alcohol
B. designer clothing
C. higher education
D. stereo equipment
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 187
37. As discussed in the textbook, adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are more likely than their peers to:
A. be absent from school.
B. graduate from high school.
C. spend more time on their homework.
D. be less cynical about the workplace.
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 188
38. Ruben works over 20 hours a week during the school year and Marianne does not work at all. Ruben, compared to
Marianne, is more likely to:
A. become more socially responsible.
B. know how to manage his money better.
C. drop out of school.
D. not engage in drug and alcohol use.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Apply
7-7
Page: 188
39. Which of the following is not associated with adolescents who work?
A. greater absences from school
B. greater enjoyment of school
C. less time spent on homework
D. earn lower grades
APA LO: 1.2
Page: 188
40. Which of the following has not been found to be a characteristic of adolescents who work more than 20 hours per
week?
A. lowered school achievement
B. copying homework from friends or other forms of cheating
C. more involvement in extracurricular activities
D. taking less demanding classes
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 188
41. How are nonworking students affected in their schoolwork when large numbers of students work?
A. They become jealous of their working peers' affluence.
B. The quality of their education suffers because many teachers lower classroom expectations and assign less
homework.
C. They develop similar problem behaviors, such as cheating and losing interest in school.
D. They are not generally affected.
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 188
42. Abner works long hours on weekends and after school. Research suggests that Abner:
A. is likely to develop a strong sense of responsibility.
B. is less likely to engage in delinquent activities than his nonworking peers.
C. may have a higher likelihood of engaging in minor delinquency than his peers.
D. is likely to report his fellow workers for their delinquent behavior.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 188
43. Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in which of the
following?
A. aggression
B. school misconduct
C. minor delinquency
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 188
44. Many studies find that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are _____ among teenage workers than
nonworkers, especially among students who _____.
A. lower; choose not to work at all
B. higher; also participate in athletics
7-8
C. higher; choose to work long hours
D. higher; are involved in two or more extracurricular activities
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 188-189
45. When is delinquency most common?

A. weekdays during school hours
B. weekday afternoons
C. weekend nights
D. weekend afternoons
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 188-189
46. According to a study by Caldwell and Darling presented in the textbook, research indicates spending time after
school with friends is most problematic under which circumstance?
A. when they lack supervision
B. when the adolescent has friends who like to party and use drugs
C. when the adolescent is easily susceptible to peer pressure
D. It is the combination of all of the above.
APA LO: 2.5
Page: 188-189
47. Much of adolescents' money is spent on discretionary purchases related to leisure activities. Additionally, many
adolescents spend money on ____, which accounts for one-sixth of the amount of dollars spent each year on _____.
A. alcohol and cigarettes; alcohol
B. computer software; computer software
C. drugs such as marijuana and cocaine; illegal drugs
D. health-related injuries; emergency visits
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 189
48. Pam smokes marijuana every weekend. Based on the options below and according to the textbook, which scenario
is most likely?
A. Pam is unemployed.
B. Pam works long hours.
C. Pam is spending too much time with her supervisor.
D. Pam's job is not very stressful.
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 189
49. Approximately ____ of teens are out of school, unemployed, and looking for full-time work.
A. 2%
B. 15%
C. 25%
D. 40%
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
7-9
Page: 189
50. Which of the following statements about unemployed youth is false?

A. Today, the unemployment rate among recent high school graduates who have not continued their education is
similar to the unemployment rate among high school dropouts.
B. The majority of unemployed youth are individuals who have not gone very far in school.
C. Today, the unemployment rate among dropouts is twice as high as it is among recent high school graduates who
have not enrolled in college.
D. Five years ago, the unemployment rate among dropouts was twice as high as it was among recent high school
graduates who were not in college.

APA LO: 2.2
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 189
51. With respect to the rate of unemployment, which of the following is a "recent" phenomenon?
A. the high unemployment rate for high school dropouts
B. the high rate of unemployment among high school graduates who do not go to college
C. the high rate of unemployment for high school dropouts and non-college-bound high school graduates
D. None of these are a recent phenomenon.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 190
52. Considering the changing labor market, which of the following strategies would be most likely to prevent high rates
of youth unemployment?
A. to give employers financial incentives to employ undereducated employees
B. to reform schools so that all students graduate with enough academic skills to enroll in college
C. to change the age limit of service jobs
D. to expand employment opportunities in the private sector
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 190
53. Research suggests that the most reliable way to combat the unemployment problem of adolescents who are not
attending school is through:
A. job training.
B. volunteer programs.
C. participation in the Armed Forces.
D. helping adolescents stay in school.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 190
54. The Experience Sampling Method involves:

A. observing individuals in their natural setting.
B. witnessing change in the makeup of the population.
C. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.
D. researchers becoming participants during their observations.
APA LO: 1.1
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 190
55. The Experience Sampling Method was created by:

A. Greenberger.
7-10
B. Larson.
C. Steinberg.
D. Bachman.
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 190
56. Larson's study that used the experience sampling method investigated whether adolescents' moods varied as a
function of whom they were with and whether the connection between mood and companionship changed with age.
What were the primary results of the study?
A. In general, adolescents' moods are generally most positive when they are with their friends, least positive when they
are alone, and somewhere in between when they are with their family.
B. Between grades 5 and 9, adolescents' moods while with friends become more positive, whereas their moods while
with their family follow a curvilinear pattern.
C. Both of these statements are true.
D. Neither of these statements are true.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 190
57. Emma is dancing to her favorite song on the radio when her electronic pager goes off. Emma proceeds to pull out a
notebook and record her current emotional state. This type of data collection is called:
A. ethnography.
B. participant observation.
C. Experience Sampling Method.
D. demography.
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 190
58. When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?

A. when they are with friends
B. when they are working
C. when they are with their family
D. when they are alone
APA LO: 1.2
Page: 190
59. Between grades 5 and 9, adolescents' moods while with friends become more positive, whereas moods while with
their families become more negative between ____________ school.
A. elementary and middle
B. spring and summer
C. middle and high
D. None of these are true.
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 190
60. Who of the following is most likely to be involved in extracurricular activities?

A. youth from more affluent families and youth who earn average or below-average grades
B. students from larger schools
C. youth who earn better grades
D. youth in more urban communities
7-11
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 191
61. The experience of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time is called
A. flow chart.
B. flow experience.
C. twin behavior.
D. double duty.
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 191
62. Which of the following statements about extracurricular participation is true?

A. Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay
highly involved throughout high school.
B. Though popular activities are likely to remain popular during all four years of high school, the specific participants
who choose to become involved in these activities is likely to undergo frequent changes.
C. Students who are uninvolved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to become highly
involved by the end of high school.
D. Extracurricular overscheduling of youth creates pressures that compromise adolescents' mental health.
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 191-192
63. Ivan, a teenager, is most likely to expend high levels of concentration and interest when he is:
A. with his friends.
B. in school.
C. playing sports.
D. watching television.
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 191-192
64. Kent has been involved in minor delinquent behavior. In order to curb this type of behavior, Kent's parents should:
A. encourage Kent to get a full-time job.
B. encourage Kent to get a part-time job.
C. enroll Kent in a larger school.
D. enroll Kent in a school-sponsored extracurricular activity.
APA LO: 2.2
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 191-192
65. The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:

A. athletics.
B. music.
C. academic clubs.
D. occupational clubs.
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 191-192
7-12
66. Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activities are next most popular among adolescents?
A. music-related and academic-related
B. academic-related and church-related
C. occupation-related and music-related
D. church-related and occupation-related
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 191-192
67. Jeb has the choice of several after-school activities. Statistically, he is the most likely to choose:
A. music.
B. science.
C. athletics.
D. a job.
APA LO: 2.1
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 191-192
68. Dr. Eckert wants to learn whether students with high self-esteem are more likely to participate in extracurricular
activities, or if participation in extracurricular activities enhances adolescents' psychological well-being. She is most
likely to understand a cause-and-effect relationship between psychological well-being and extracurricular activities by
using which type of study?
A. cross-sectional
B. prospective
C. longitudinal
APA LO: 2.4
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 191-192
69. According to research by Wayne Osgood and colleagues, the combination of several factors encourages
delinquency and other problem behaviors among adolescents. This view is called the routine activity theory, and all but
which of the following are thought to be major contributing factors to this combination?
A. a lack of structure
B. lower-than-average intelligence
C. socializing with peers
D. the absence of adult supervision
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom’s: Remember
Page: 193
70. According to the textbook, the harmful effects of low parental monitoring are especially bad in neighborhoods that:
A. are low in collective efficacy.
B. are low in diversity.
C. are high in diversity.
D. are low income.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 194
71. The textbook suggests all of the following for parents who leave their children in self-care, except:
A. provide clear instructions about after-school activities and whereabouts.
B. have the child check in with an adult as soon as he or she gets home.
C. teach the child how to handle any emergencies that arise.
7-13
D. have friends come over for study sessions.
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 194-195
72. According to the textbook, compared to young people who are supervised after school by adults, Stephanie, a self-
care adolescent, will likely experience all of the following except:
A. be more socially isolated and more depressed.
B. be sexually active earlier.
C. be more likely to be involved in problem behavior.
D. use less drugs and alcohol.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 194-195
73. According to the textbook, one limitation of studies of youth in self-care is that:
A. self-care youths are a difficult sample to recruit.
B. researchers typically lump together all children who take care of themselves after school.
C. parents of self-care youths rarely agree to allow their teenagers to participate in research studies.
D. self-care youths are more likely than non-self-care youths to drop out of research studies.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 194-195
74. Affluent, suburban, and White children are _____ likely to be home unsupervised, and poor, minority, and urban
and rural children are _____ likely.
A. least; most
B. slightly less; slightly more
C. most; least
D. The odds of being left home unsupervised are the same.
APA LO: 1.2
Page: 194-195
75. Which of the following youth programs around today bear a striking resemblance to the stated goals of positive
youth development programs?
A. YMCA
B. the Boys and Girls Clubs of America
C. scouting
APA LO: 1.3
Page: 195
76. Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does competence mean?
A. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas
B. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy
C. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges
D. respect for societal and cultural rules
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 195
7-14
77. Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does confidence mean?
B. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy; global self-regard
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 195
78. Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does connection mean?
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 195
79. Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does character mean?
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 195
80. Based on the Five Cs of positive youth development, which "C" stands for a sense of sympathy and empathy for
others?
A. character
B. connection
C. caring
D. competence
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 195
81. Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents, and research showing the
potential dangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed
programs will not only deter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on
developing positive attributes is known as what?
A. pro-bono youth development
B. preventative youth development
C. cultivating decent youths
D. positive youth development
APA LO: 2.5
Page: 195
82. What makes a positive youth development program successful?

A. the extent to which participants are placed in demanding roles
B. the extent to which participants are expected to take responsibility for their behavior
C. the extent to which participants are helped to understand the consequences of failing to fulfill their obligations
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APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 195
83. The three dominant theories concerning the media's impact on adolescent development today include all but which
of the following?
A. the media practice model
B. the routine activity theory
C. the uses and gratifications approach
D. cultivation theory
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 196
84. What proportion of American households has at least one television?

A. Virtually all American households have at least one TV.
B. Except for adolescents who live in low-income, single-parent, or disadvantaged homes, the majority of American
households have at least one TV.
C. More than 50% of American households have at least one TV.
D. Virtually all middle-class and upper-class households have at least one TV; however, about 50% of lower-income
families have a TV.
APA LO: 1.2
Page: 196
85. How has the digital divide changed over the last 50 years?
A. As a result of the accessibility of new technologies, the digital divide has continued to grow.
B. As public access to the Internet has spread, the digital divide has become larger.
C. Because the Internet has become more accessible to more and more people, the digital divide has become much
smaller.
D. Because smartphones have become more popular and common, the digital divide has become larger in recent years.
APA LO: 2.1
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 196
86. The highest levels of media use are reported by:

A. early adolescents.
B. late adolescents.
C. White adolescents.
D. Asian adolescents.
APA LO: 1.2
Page: 197
87. According to the textbook, why might the estimated 8 hours a day of media use for adolescents be an
understatement?
A. Time spent using a smartphone is typically not calculated into the total amount of media use time.
B. Adolescents are typically not aware of the fact that they are using media.
C. Adolescents notoriously underestimate the time they spend using various types of media.
D. This estimate includes media multitasking.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
7-16
Page: 197
88. The average American adolescent sends _____ text messages a day.
A. 1-20 texts
B. 21-50 texts
C. 51-100
D. more than 100
APA LO: 1.1
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 197
89. One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that:
A. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.
B. media is difficult to measure.
C. the type of media that adolescents use changes rapidly.
D. adolescents are very secretive about their media use.
APA LO: 2.1
Page: 198
90. Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs
about the world?
A. uses and gratifications approach
B. cultivation theory
C. media practice model
D. routine activity theory
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 198
91. Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that:
A. these messages have a strong impact on adolescents' behavior.
B. repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs.
C. although the messages may be somewhat negative, they tend to be relatively accurate.
D. although their attitudes may differ, adolescents and adults have similar interpretations of these messages.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 198-199
92. Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the fact that adolescents choose the media to which they are exposed?
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 198-199
93. Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the reciprocal link between adolescents' preferences and their media
exposure and that adolescents not only choose what they are exposed to but interpret the media in ways that shape their
impact?
7-17
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 198-199
94. Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of
spurious causation, which means that:
A. two things can go hand in hand.
B. the second thing is actually causing the first thing (not the reverse).
C. there is no statistically significant relation.
D. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor.
APA LO: 2.3
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 199
95. Adolescents are least likely to seek out ________ websites on the Internet.
A. entertainment
B. sports
C. pornography
D. lifestyle
APA LO: 1.2
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 199
96. Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents'
behaviors?
A. Adolescents are not exposed to the mass media as blank slates.
B. When adolescents are exposed to the mass media, they bring preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations to the
experience of watching or listening to mass media.
C. Preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive, what they pay attention to, and
what they remember.
D. All of these statements are true.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Evaluate
Page: 199
97. Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex?
A. Unprotected sex can have serious consequences.
B. Women are sex objects.
C. Sex is a defining aspect of masculinity.
D. Sex is fun and exciting.
APA LO: 2.5
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 200
98. What have researchers found in regard to the research on exposure to violent imagery on TV?
A. Repeated exposure to violent imagery on TV leads to aggressive behavior in children and adults, especially among
those who have prior histories of aggression.
B. Among male 14-year-olds who view more than 3 hours of TV/day, individuals with prior histories of aggression will
engage in the most subsequent aggressive acts.
C. Among female 14-year-olds who view more than 3 hours of TV/day, individuals with prior histories of aggression
will engage in the most subsequent aggressive acts.
D. All of these statements are true.
7-18
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 201
99. Which set of research findings was used in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants (2010),
which was a case that debated whether banning the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional?
A. Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive.
B. Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games indeed makes adolescents more aggressive.
C. Putting labels on games to alert adolescents and their parents to violent content is an effective way of restricting the
sale of particularly violent games.
D. There is a causal relation between playing violent video games and being arrested for an assault.
APA LO: 2.2
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 202
100. Alcohol and drugs are present in about ______% of prime time network programs, movies, and music videos.
A. 25
B. 45
C. 75
D. 85
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 202
101. What percentage of teens are online using social media?

A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 80%
D. 100%
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 203
102. What is a scientifically valid concern regarding adolescents' media use?

A. Adolescents who use the Internet for socializing are at a high risk of being the victim of unwanted sexual attention.
B. Adolescents who frequently use the Internet are highly likely to be contacted by sexual predators.
C. The amount of time adolescents spend watching TV and playing video games is inversely linked to the amount of
time they spend in physical activity, which can have detrimental effects on adolescents' physical health.
D. The increased time spent on the Internet has had a negative effect on adolescents' social development and
relationships.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
Page: 203
103. Which of the following statements about adolescents' social communication on the Internet is most supported by
scientific research?
A. Adolescents' online friendships are likely to displace in-person friendships.
B. Most adolescents use the Internet to communicate with people that they have never met or that they do not see in
person.
C. Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet.
D. The majority of adolescents have not seen someone post something mean about someone else on the Internet.
APA LO: 2.5
Bloom’s: Analyze
7-19
Page: 204
104. What percentage of American adolescents have sent a photo featuring naked breasts, genitals, or buttocks to a
fellow student?
A. 1%
B. 20%
C. between 40% and 50%
D. more than 75%
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom’s: Apply
Page: 205
105. In recent years, studies of adolescents' consumer behavior have noted the strong influence teens have over one
another when it comes to spending money. Advertisers have taken advantage of Internet sites such as YouTube,
MySpace, and Facebook to utilize what kind of marketing?
A. viral marketing
B. pandemic marketing
C. social marketing
D. underground marketing
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Basic
Page: 207
106. Explain how adolescents in the United States use their time differently than adolescents growing up in other parts
of the world. Be sure to discuss school, leisure, and work-related activities. When applicable, discuss possible reasons
for these differences.
To begin with, the average American students' use of their free time for school-related activities is especially low.
Though the average American high school student spends fewer than 5 hours per week on homework, in some Asian
countries (India, Taiwan, and Japan) the average is between 4 and 5 hours a day. Also, European and Asian adolescents
spend almost three times as many hours each week reading for pleasure as do American adolescents. Americans spend
relatively more time playing sports, socializing with friends, and caring for their physical appearance. Indeed American
adolescents spend about half their time in leisure activities—which is far more than is the case in most other
industrialized countries. Furthermore, American adolescents are more likely to hold paying part-time jobs during the
school year than are most Korean, Japanese, or European adolescents. One reason that Americans are more likely to
hold part-time jobs could be that part-time employment opportunities are not as readily available elsewhere as they are
in America. Second, the scheduling of part-time jobs in other countries is not well suited to the daily routines of
students. Third, in other industrialized countries, the employment of youth is associated with being poor, so there is a
negative stigma associated with working while attending school. Fourth, schools in other countries demand much more
out-of-school time to prepare adequately for lessons and schoolwork.
Key Points:
a) American adolescents spend less time on out-of-school work than students in other countries.
b) American adolescents spend a large proportion of their time in leisure activities compared to time spent in school
and work obligations.
c) Americans are more likely to hold paying part-time jobs during the school year. This could be due to the fact that
scheduling of part-time jobs in other countries is not well suited to their daily routines, employment of children in other
industrialized countries is associated with being poor, and schools in other countries demand much more out-of-school
time.
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 184-186
107. A legislator has introduced a bill that would allow adolescents in her state to hold after-school jobs, but that would
limit the number of hours that adolescents can work in such jobs to 10 hours per week or fewer. There is a group in the
legislature who oppose the bill: they believe that adolescents should be allowed to hold after-school jobs with no
restrictions placed on hours worked per week, and that adolescents should work at least 20 hours every week in order to
build character. Based on what you know about employment and adolescent development, which of these positions
7-20
would you support? Why do you support this position over the other? Which type of jobs do you think would help
adolescents feel more mature, competent, and dependable?
Though many people believe that working builds character, teaches adolescents about the real world, and helps them
prepare for adulthood, studies indicate that the benefits of working during adolescence have probably been overstated.
In fact, intensive employment (20+ hours/week) may even negatively affect adolescent's development and preparation
for adult work. As such, I would support the legislation proposing the 10-hour-per-week limit on adolescent work.
Research has shown that adolescents who work more than 20 hours per week (like the other group is advocating) have
a host of problem behaviors, including being more likely to engage in delinquent behavior (stealing, substance use),
suffering academic performance and engagement declines (taking easier classes, cheating, being absent from school,
spending less time on homework, earning lower grades, dropping out of school), and experiencing premature
affluence—discretionary income spent purely on pleasure, which results from getting used to having a relatively
luxurious standard of living before one has any serious financial responsibilities, like rent, food, or utility bills.
Indeed many adolescent workers spend most of their earnings on personal expenses, like clothes or cars, and a fair
proportion of adolescents' earnings are spent on drugs and alcohol. All of these drawbacks are individually, reasons to
resist allowing teens to work 20+ hours per week, but when taken together they provide compelling reason to limit the
amount of working hours teens are permitted to engage in. Contrary to the effects of intensive employment, when
adolescents are given responsibility, assigned meaningful and challenging tasks, and are allowed to make important
decisions, they are more likely to feel mature, competent, and dependable.
Key Points:
a) Support the 10-hour limit over 20+.
b) Describe the problems associated with working more than 20 hours per week.
c) Mention that, in contrast to intensive employment, employment opportunities that require adolescents to make
important decisions and engage in challenging tasks are likely to have positive effects associated with "building
character."
APA LO: 2.4
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 186
108. Annie's parents believe Annie has free time on her hands and they would like to sign her up for some
extracurricular activities. However, they are concerned that participation in these activities may lead to problem
behavior and that overscheduling could place their daughter at risk for psychological stress and mental health problems.
They are also worried that extracurricular participation could displace time spent doing homework and, as a result,
could decrease her academic performance. They've asked you, the school psychologist, to weigh in. What would you
tell Annie's parents?
Although early research documenting a positive correlation between extracurricular participation and adolescents' well-
being could not clearly show that participation lead to improved functioning (rather than the opposite), newer
longitudinal studies indicate that participation in an extracurricular activity actually improves students' performance in
school and reduces the likelihood of dropping out; deters delinquency, drug use, and other types of risk taking; and
enhances students' psychological well-being and social status, with positive effects seen after high school graduation.
The one exception to this uniformly positive picture is that some studies have found that involvement in team sports,
which is associated with many psychological benefits, such as better mental health, better sleep, and higher school
achievement, is also associated with increased alcohol use and delinquency. This latter consequence is seen especially
among boys who have a strong "jock" identity and who participate in school-sponsored, male-dominated sports, like
football. Extracurricular participation in high school also seems to be linked to extracurricular participation in college
and to community involvement in adulthood. Researchers speculate that the generally positive impact of extracurricular
participation is because these activities increase students' contact with teachers and other school personnel who may
reinforce the value of school (as when a coach or advisor counsels a student about plans for college), and because
participation itself may improve students' self-confidence and self-esteem. Some educators believe that extracurricular
participation also helps bond students and parents to their school, especially in the case of adolescents who are not
achieving academically; for many of them, their extracurricular activity is what keeps them coming to school each day.
Indeed, a feeling of attachment to school is likely to contribute to students' future educational success. Finally, Annie's
parents should not be concerned that overscheduling could compromise Annie's mental health; no available data
support this myth.
Key Points:
a) Extracurricular activities actually improve students' performance in school and reduce the likelihood of dropping out;
deter delinquency, drug use, and other types of risk-taking; and enhance students' psychological well-being and social
status.
b) Give reasons why extracurricular participation may lead to positive outcomes.
c) Mention that overscheduling has not been shown to increase the risk of mental health problems.
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
7-21
Page: 191-192
109. A local hospital has asked you to talk to a group of parents who have expressed their concerns about leaving their
teenagers home alone after school while the parents are still at work. You have been asked to address whether this is,
indeed, a problem and, if so, how parents can minimize these problems without having to give up their jobs. The
hospital administrator has also asked you to discuss the quality of the research that has been done in this area. What do
you tell the parents?
Most studies of self-care youths show few differences between these youngsters and their peers in regard to
psychological development, school achievement, and self-concept. Furthermore, several studies suggest that, compared
to young people who are supervised after school by adults, those who are in self-care are more socially isolated, more
depressed, and more likely to have school problems. The most vulnerable adolescents are those with friends who like to
party and use drugs and those adolescents who are susceptible to peer pressure and, by far, the greatest risk is to
children living in unsafe neighborhoods. The best way to sidestep the problems is for parents to use an authoritative
parenting style and to monitor their children's behavior and activities by providing clear instructions to their youngsters
about the activities they should engage in, having the children check in with an adult as soon as they get home, and
teaching them how to handle emergencies. Indeed adolescents who go straight home after school are far less likely to
engage in problem behavior than are their peers who go to a friend's house or who just hang out. The primary
limitations of the research in this area are that not all self-care youth are alike and not all parents interact with their
children in the same way, although there are rather consistent findings that indicate spending free time with peers in
unstructured activities in the absence of adult supervision is associated with increased problem behavior.
Key Points:
a) Most research shows little difference between self-care youth and those who are supervised after school.
b) Self-care youth may be at increased risk for social isolation, depression, problem behavior, greater likelihood of
being sexually active at earlier ages, and greater probability of using drugs and alcohol.
c) Most vulnerable are those with friends who like to party and use drugs, those who are susceptible to peer pressure,
and those who live in unsafe neighborhoods.
d) Protective factors include authoritative parenting, monitoring children's behavior and activities, providing clear
instructions about expected activities, having children check in with adults when they get home, and teaching the
youngsters how to handle emergencies.
e) Limitations of the research: not all self-care children are alike and not all parents interact with their children in the
same way.
f) Consistent findings indicate spending free time with peers in unstructured activities in the absence of adult
supervision is associated with increased problem behavior.
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 193-194
110. The local PTA has asked you to address their parents about the effects of media on adolescent development. They
are most concerned with the effects of television and the Internet on their children's well-being. Explain to these parents
what you know about media in the home, the types of activities for which adolescents typically use the television and
Internet, and discuss the impact of sexual, drug-related, and violent messages and images on adolescents.
Almost all American households have at least one TV and access to a computer and Internet, regardless of family
income. In fact, on average, adolescents spend nearly 8 hours each day using one or more forms of media. Given that
adolescents spend an inordinate amount of time using media, researchers and parents have questioned whether this
exposure has had a negative impact on teenagers' behavior and development. One thing to keep in mind is that it is
difficult to separate cause and effect because adolescents choose which mass media they are exposed to and interpret
the media based on their preexisting attitudes, beliefs, and experiences. As such, for example, though studies may show
that playing violent video games may provoke more violent behavior, it could be the case that adolescents who are
more prone to violence may be more likely to play violent video games. The good news is that adolescents are likely to
use the Internet as would an adult: they are more likely to visit entertainment, sports, and lifestyle websites than to view
pornography, although the information they get from the Internet is as likely to be helpful as harmful. Clearly, there are
negative sexual messages conveyed on television suggesting that women are sex objects, sex is a defining aspect of
masculinity, sex is a competition, and sex is fun and exciting. Although questions remain about whether exposure to
sexual media content alters adolescents' sexual behavior, many studies demonstrate that repeated exposure affects
adolescents' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. Teens are also constantly exposed to drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and
violence, with advertisers specifically targeting adolescents because of their discretionary income and influence over
their parents' household spending. Studies of exposure to ads for alcohol and tobacco, as well as antismoking
commercial messages, have shown that they are effective in changing teenagers' attitudes in both directions: pro-ads are
likely to change attitudes about using alcohol and tobacco and anti-ads are likely to influence adolescents' attitudes
about abstaining from cigarettes. However, it is hard to know whether changing adolescents' exposure to messages
about drinking and smoking actually changes their behavior. The most compelling set of findings on media exposure
7-22
appears to be in regard to violence, with research showing that repeated exposure to violent imagery may lead to
aggressive behavior, especially for those who have a history of aggression. In particular, although careful studies have
shown that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive, numerous studies have shown that
repeated exposure to violent imagery on television leads to aggressive behavior in children and youth, especially
among those who are predisposed to behave violently. Also, of special concern is the impact of the media (particularly
print media) on girls' self-image concerning physical attractiveness—the current message that "thin is in" has led to
serious problems with girls' self-image and eating habits. Last, to the extent that time spent on the Internet and
watching TV displaces time in physical activities, media does indeed have a detrimental impact on an adolescent's
physical health.
Key Points:
a) Media sources are ubiquitous.
b) The Internet is used primarily to seek out entertainment, sports, and lifestyle websites, with pornography not being
something typically pursued by teens.
c) The relationship between media exposure and adolescent behavior is typically correlational, so no conclusions can
be drawn about which causes which.
d) Evidence links viewing violence on television with aggression.
e) The media are more likely to affect teens' attitudes and beliefs than their behaviors with regard to sex and drug use,
but sex messages are conveyed, such as women are sex objects.
f) The media have a dangerous effect on girls' self-image and eating habits.
g) Internet and TV can have a detrimental impact on physical health.
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 198-205
111. Pretend you are about to give a lecture to a group of parents about current research views on media exposure and
adolescent development. You know that parents are concerned with understanding whether all media is bad for all
adolescents, or what determines the effect that media messages and images will have on particular adolescents. Discuss
the three major prevalent theories of media influence on adolescent development and give examples of each theory to
illustrate its points.
There are three major theories of media impact on adolescent development that parents should be aware of, as these
theories help explain some of the individual differences among teenagers that help determine how a particular
adolescent is affected by the media. The first is cultivation theory, the idea that all adolescents are influenced by the
content to which they are exposed, with respect to their knowledge about the world, attitudes, and behavior. This theory
most closely mirrors the idea that playing video games makes adolescents violent, listening to rap encourages crime, or
watching beer commercials makes adolescents drink more. In this theory, the relationship between media and behavior
is direct. The next theory, the uses and gratifications approach, points out that adolescents choose the media to which
they are personally exposed. Their resulting behaviors, therefore, are not due to the influence of media, but to the fact
that they chose to look at media images and messages that were consistent with their own personal interests. This view
would suggest that aggressive adolescents are more likely to purchase violent video games in the first place. Third, the
media practice model states that the relationship between adolescents' preferences and their media exposure is
reciprocal, with each influencing the other. This model suggests that adolescents choose what they are exposed to, but
also interpret the media in ways that shape the impact it will have on them. This model helps explain why two different
adolescents can look at the same beer commercial and have two entirely different reactions (e.g., "Eww, look how
stupid drinking makes you act," versus, "Oh cool, partying looks so fun!").
Key Points:
a) Name three theories and define (cultivation theory, uses and gratifications approach, and the media practice model).
b) Give examples or real-life illustrations of each theory (be able to apply to real scenario).
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 198-205
112. Social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, have become extremely prevalent among teenagers (as
well as adults). Describe how online friendships affect in-person relationships. In your opinion, do you think having a
personal website, such as a profile on one of these websites, places an adolescent at risk of being contacted by a sexual
predator? If you were a parent of a teenager, would you allow your son or daughter to have a profile?
Many parents worry that the amount of time that teenagers spend on the Internet will have a negative effect on their
social development and relationships (some actually worry that online communication will replace face-to-face
interactions!). Indeed social communication on the Internet has opportunities for both positive and negative
experiences, as does face-to-face communication. Although many parents worry that adolescents' online friendships
will displace in-person friendships, this fear is not supported by scientific research. Most adolescents use social
7-23
networking sites to stay in touch with people they are currently friends with and studies find that more frequent online
communication may bring friends closer together. Also, sexual predators are far less prevalent than many parents think.
In fact, according to the most recent Youth Internet Safety Survey, only 9 percent of young people receive an unwanted
online sexual solicitation each year. As such, I do not think that having a profile on a social media website would make
my child particularly vulnerable to a sexual predator attack. In conclusion, when done in moderation, communicating
with friends online will probably not have a negative impact on an adolescent's social development.
Key Points:
a) Mention that online communication can have negative and positive interactions (just like face-to-face interactions).
b) Most adolescents use the Internet to socialize with current friends.
c) Risk of receiving attention from sexual predator is actually pretty low.
APA LO: 4.1
Bloom’s: Create
Page: 204
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 105
APA LO: 1.1 9
APA LO: 1.2 20
APA LO: 1.3 13
APA LO: 2.1 21
APA LO: 2.2 3
APA LO: 2.3 18
APA LO: 2.4 4
APA LO: 2.5 18
APA LO: 4.1 6
Bloom’s: Analyze 17
Bloom’s: Apply 14
Bloom’s: Create 7
Bloom’s: Evaluate 33
Bloom’s: Remember 12
Bloom’s: Understand 29
Difficulty: Basic 32
Difficulty: Difficult 24
Difficulty: Moderate 56
7-24
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"He knew it very well; but it didn't alter his feeling for them. He'll do
the right thing by all of them, however they treat him," argued the other.
"You may think so, but John Henry's a great fool for turning his father
down as he does all the same," declared her brother. "The man's not made
of patience, and as to justice, the less we say about justice the better, when
we think of you and look at you now."
"I've told John Henry to see his father; I've told him half a dozen times
on the quiet," said Margery. "For his own sake he should."
Elsewhere, by a coincidence, this very thing that they desired was

happening, for John Henry had met Jacob's ancient friend and been firmly
directed to pay his injured parent a visit. He obeyed, being the more
inclined to do so for private ends; and while Bullstone first felt satisfaction
at the visit, his pleasure presently waned, since it became apparent that not
concern for his father alone had brought John Henry.
He hoped that Jacob was better; but this was not what interested him.
"'Tis a very good thing you weren't killed," he said, "and I expect you'll
have the law of that lunatic and win this time. He didn't ought to be at large,
for he's cunning and wicked. He may do something like this again and bring
it off next time."
"I've gone through all that with Adam Winter, his brother. You needn't
trouble on that score. It's all part and parcel of other things, and there's no
fear that Samuel would assault anybody but me. I've told his brother that I
won't take any step in the matter, or have him put away. He's not the only
one who has been revenged against me, John Henry. At any rate he did it
openly."
"It's all very wretched and I'm sick of the subject, and I wish it could be
dropped," said his son; "and it's a thousand pities that you can't go farther
off from Brent, or else mother can't be took away out of it. There's a talk of
her going to Uncle Lawrence, and it would be a blessing if she did, for she's
growing to a thread-paper and getting as weak as a rabbit. Of course you
can't go, I suppose; but she might, and they ought to take her."
"Your mother's thin? So Auna says. It's a great grief to me."
"No business of mine anyway. But you must look after yourself
nowadays, for there's nobody else to trouble about you, and I think I've a
right to ask a few things, father."
"Certainly. Ask what you please, John Henry."
"Very well then. And first I'm very glad you've made such a good
recovery, and I'd have come sooner but for the mountains of work. I hope
you won't take it amiss, or think I'm pushing, or anything like that; but, with
you, none of us ever know exactly where we're standing, because you do
such unexpected things. I've always been a good son, I believe—quite so
good a son as Avis is daughter, anyhow; and you've given her Owley, so I
feel it's only fair, me being your eldest son, if I ask for Bullstone."
"Owley's my wedding gift to Avis. She's going to be married and going

to live at Owley as you know; therefore it was a very good time to let her
have it. You're not of age."
"I soon shall be; and the eldest ought to have Bullstone."
"Why in such a hurry? I haven't gone yet. Plenty of time."
"You let Avis have Owley."
"Fight against your mean greed," answered his father. "Even your
grandmother won't approve lust for this world's goods. Go on with your
work, learn your business and trust me for the future. Remember that I've
got to think of others besides you. I've taken over Huntingdon for myself,
because a time will come some day, when I'm old, that I may decree to live
there—for the air and peace. And then, no doubt, you'll have Bullstone, and
Peter will own the business at Red House. But there's Auna too. And I'm not
past work yet."
"If you could give me a written, signed promise for Bullstone, I'd know
where I stood."
"Give—give—give! And are you never to give? Are my children to

receive always and return nothing—no duty, no love, no respect even? Have
you ever thought what you owe to those who brought you into the world?"
"I owe no man any thing," answered John Henry without emotion. "And
I never will. It's always the fashion, seemingly, for parents to make a fuss
about what their children ought to do, and expect them to fall down and
worship them. Why should I—just because you married and had a good
time with mother? And, seeing what life is, I don't know that anybody need
feel under any very great gratitude for being alive. It was all in the day's
work that I was born; you didn't choose me, and a child don't owe a parent
any thanks whatever for coming into the world. And so far as the rest is
concerned, you've done your duty by me, and I've done my duty faithfully
by you, and everybody. I've never given any trouble—never got into a
scrape—always been straight and hard-working. And I deserve Bullstone
and ought to have it."
"What does your mother say?"
"She's understood that the eldest son had it. But I can't talk of her to
you, of course."
"Why not?"
"I'm mother's side, and God knows I wouldn't do nothing against her,"
he answered. "But this has nothing to do with her."
"How so, if all mine is hers?"
"She wouldn't take anything of yours, father, and never will. You talk as
if nought had happened. You seem to forget. But you can't expect none of
us to forget, while we see her every week. It's been a fearful thing—cruel
for your children and everybody. It will never be forgot by mortal man I
should think, and you can't expect any of us to be exactly the same again.
We're honest and we've got our feelings and we've been through a lot. I'm
sure you owe us something. And if you're not going to let me have
Bullstone, you ought not to let Peter have the business. I'm your eldest son
and——"
"Learn what your mother thinks and come to me again," directed his
father. "All I have is hers, and it was always her wish, when first Avis got
engaged, that she should take Owley for her portion. If she'd like for you to
have Bullstone while I live, it can be. After your mother's self, there's only
Auna to think about."
John Henry cheered up and promised to do as he was directed.
"I'm properly certain mother would say I ought to have it," he declared.
"I expect she would, and her word's my law. You'll be of age in less than
a year, so things may happen as you would wish. But I don't transfer till the
present lease has run out. It wouldn't do for you to own the farm on which
you're being taught your business."
"I know my business. I know full as much as Bob Elvin, if not more.
I've got larger ideas than him."
"I dare say you have; and now you'd best be gone. And you can see me
again when you've heard your mother."
John Henry departed and Jacob considered him. In the past he had much
resented similar applications on smaller subjects: the young man never lost
anything for the sake of asking; but now this large request left him
unmoved. He meant to leave Bullstone to his son, and had no real objection
to handing it over in his own lifetime. For the moment this incident offered
hopes of a message from his wife. There might chance some thread in John
Henry's demands to serve for the business of drawing Margery and himself
together again. He was ever on the look-out for such threads.
CHAPTER IX
JACOB COMES HOME
The mother of Margery believed, with Augustin, that persecution is the

only solicitude the virtuous have any right to show a sinner. She held that
where the least doubt of salvation might still be said to lie, it was better to
torment than ignore, since this form of attention will sometimes torture the
wrong-doer into grief for his wickedness, and so open the door to
repentance and salvation. But she was not often in such doubt and generally
separated the goats from the potential sheep without difficulty. The doomed
she did not ever persecute, since any attention paid to those patently
condemned was not only useless to them, but implied danger to the agent.
Of such, without the pale, was Jacob Bullstone, and now a situation had
been reached where one thing must certainly have happened, save for the
attitude of Judith Huxam towards him. Even despite her it might yet occur
and the issue still stood in hope; but success implied that Margery would
first actively oppose her mother, and her power to do so lessened fast.
The double accident of Jacob's broken thigh and his wife's indisposition
delayed a possible union, and now the next step to any such event depended
upon Margery. By letting her husband know that she desired to return, she
might have shifted the responsibility on to his shoulders, and so ensured the
achievement; but she was still anxious that he should not know, since she
feared the violent steps that he might take to bring them together. Moreover
she desired to be able to say afterwards to her parents that she went of her
own free will back to Red House, and that her husband had no hand in the
action.
Thus precious days passed, and while Jacob gradually regained his
strength, thought upon his daughter's wedding and hoped the event might be
the beginning of a slow and patient re-winning of his wife, she was in
reality won. Long years seemed already to drag between Margery and her
home; while in her failing health, the life with her parents grew more and
more distasteful and afflicting. She was conscious of the change in her
physical circumstances—more conscious of it than her father, or mother;
but she still believed that a return to Red House would restore her strength.
A situation, simple in itself, was thus complicated. The man and wife
wanted to come together—because each, in a solitary heart, felt that only so
was life longer to be desired at all. An instinct of self-preservation called
upon Margery to return and she felt that, otherwise, her fading life forces
might not be much longer preserved. It was not desire for Jacob himself, but
hunger for the healthy environment of home, that fortified her to get back to
it. She had forgiven her cruel ignominies and now regarded them as she
regarded her anæmia—as a sickness for which evil fortune had to be
blamed. Jacob similarly had suffered from a dreadful sickness, and now he
was cured. Thus nothing but religion stood between them to Margery's
mind. She could pity Jacob in some moods, and see nothing wrong in her
desire to return to him; while, in others, she still doubted, so far as he was
concerned, but did not doubt for herself. Then the conviction increased that
she must go back to Red House if she were ever to recover, and when she
heard, through Auna and her own brother, that Jacob actually desired her to
return, the last doubt vanished.
Bullstone's attitude resembled hers in intense desire; but he was

ignorant of her dangerous health and postulated a gradual ordeal—an ordeal
mercifully to end in her complete forgiveness and her subsequent return.
Peace might yet await them; but he was now broken into a patience he had
not known, a patience willing to leave the future in his wife's hands. But
there stood between them and any such consummation the figure of
Margery's mother, assured that her daughter's husband was lost; that he was
a man who could represent nothing but danger to the community of the
faithful—a man condemned to the consequences of his unequalled sin—one
who, since wickedness is both contagious and infectious, must be avoided
absolutely. To approach such a man or seek communion with him was to
challenge a pestilence; and when, therefore, Judith had heard her child, in a
mood of melting, say that a wife's place was beside her sick husband, she
took alarm and girded herself to repel the danger.
Indeed, Margery became her chief care; she neglected lesser obligations
and she devoted much time to planning her child's welfare. Upon the news
of Bullstone's accident, she had hoped he would not recover and, for a time,
suspected that Providence had chosen this way to put Margery out of
danger. But now Jacob was well again and about to return home; Avis
clamoured for her delayed nuptials, and Margery held that she might, on
such an occasion, be present, both in church, and afterwards, at Red House,
if only for a little while.
Her mother firmly withstood the suggestion, and by her strenuous

opposition convinced Jacob's wife of one thing: that only through the road
of secret flight would she ever return to her husband's home. She knew now
that Judith held it a choice between heaven and hell; she realised that if she
returned to Jacob, her parents would regard her as eternally lost. The
thought had shaken her at first, but she found, on examining it, that her
attitude to religion was modified before reality. None had influenced her to
this, for those whom she met were of her mother's opinion, and opportunity
did not offer to learn the views of other people; but life and its present
crying needs began to change her outlook. She contrasted the things she had
been called to suffer and the unspeakable torments shed upon her husband
out of his own weakness, with the established convention of a loving,
sleepless and watchful God, who desires mercy better than sacrifice, and is
all powerful to establish that happiness on earth the craving for which He
implants in His creatures.
She was no longer concerned for her soul, while her personal griefs
served to show her mother's convictions in a new light. Thus, as her hold on
existence grew more frail, she recoiled with increased revulsion from the
dogmas of the Chosen Few. Mrs. Huxam had defeated her own object, as
religious mothers are apt to do, and by drowning the wounded Margery in
the billows of a melancholy and merciless faith, was indirectly responsible
for creating a new vision, wherein failing nature still offered Margery some
measure of promise. The very escape in spirit comforted her and she was
more cheerful for a time; but she did not get stronger, save mentally, and
her license of mind alarmed Mrs. Huxam, who read these symptoms in her
own light. She felt that her daughter's unrest and doubt were the visible sign
of an inward temptation, wholly to be expected at this crucial juncture in
her affairs; and while obeying the doctor in matters of food and medicine,
Judith believed that the vital encounter must be fought on other ground.
She was not as yet frightened for her child's life, but only concerned for
her soul. She determined, once for all, that Margery should not go to the
wedding of Avis. She now tried to wrest this matter away from Jacob, and
even considered whether the ceremony might be arranged and hastened,
while he was in hospital; but Barlow Huxam would not support her in this.
He pointed out that to take such a step, which was possible enough, seeing
that Avis and young Elvin were amenable to Judith, would be unwise and
likely to create a measure of sympathy with Bullstone. For the postmaster
had as yet by no means bated in his bitterness; he did not desire any
weakening of public sentiment against his son-in-law. That such a
weakening existed already caused him some astonishment; but his attitude
promised presently to respond to a stimulus that would not have touched
Judith, for a measure of humanity, from which Mrs. Huxam's sterner
outlook escaped, leavened Barlow's opinions.
Thus at the crucial moment it stood, and then a first step was taken. On
a day in November, Jacob Bullstone came home, and Avis and Auna and
Peter met his carriage at the outer gates of Red House.
All, for different reasons, were glad that he should be back again, and
Auna chronicled each little incident of his return, hoping that opportunity
would occur to tell her mother about it. She hid her young heart, which
throbbed painfully to see her father so lame. But he told them that was a
smaller matter, which would mend yet, and, at worst, not prevent him from
presently riding again.
Peter did not rest until his father had been to the kennels, where Jacob
was glad to be. He gave his son praise, admired two new litters of puppies
and spoke with George Middleweek. George had matter for entertainment,
or so it seemed to himself.
"Old Barton Gill was poking about here yesterday week," he said. "He
told me he expected to find everything wrong and that he wasn't
disappointed. He thought the puppies were a terrible poor lot and better in
the river than out of it; and he said the kennels didn't look so smart, by a
very long way, as in his time. He took a very grave view of everything, and
at last he reached a point when I said that, old though he was, I should feel
called to break his neck if ever I catched him here again."
"He's a ghost from the past, George," answered the master.
"Yes; and there's a few things less useful to busy men than ghosts from
the past—especially weak and silly souls like Gill," answered Mr.
Middleweek. "He's a ghost easily laid, however, and I don't reckon he'll be
back along in a hurry. 'Tis amazing how silly the wisdom of most old men
looks, even in the light of middle-aged knowledge."
"The times move so fast," explained Jacob, "and the wisdom of the
fathers is the foolishness of the children. In fact there's only one high
fashion of wisdom, if you come to be an old man, George; and that is to
keep your mouth shut all the time."
"There's some old fools you can forgive," declared the kennel-man, "but
not old fools that bleat the past. Who has got time or patience for them?"
Then, as the evening shut down, Jacob came into tea and found that
Auna and Avis had arranged a feast for him.
Now it was the turn of Avis and she led the conversation to her
marriage.
"I do hope you'll see your way to it pretty soon, father," she said, and he
promised her that the wedding was going to be his first care.
"Pray God your mother will be well enough to come," he hoped boldly;
and Auna echoed his wish, but Avis doubted.
"I'm sure she wouldn't like Bob and me to wait any more, even though
she's not very well. And I don't much think she would come, even if she
could," explained Jacob's daughter. "Of course there's no getting away from
the past, and granny would be a good bit put about if mother was to want to
come to Red House after."
"Grandfather's rather wishful for mother to be at the church, however,"

said Auna, "for he told me so."
"And I'm sure Avis would wish that, too, and Bob also," declared her
father. He had rather dreaded home-coming, but the ordeal proved
pleasanter than he expected. Two men called together during the evening
and Billy Marydrew, with Adam Winter, dropped in, that they might
congratulate Jacob on his recovery.
Avis and Peter went about their own affairs, but Auna sat beside her
father until he bade her leave them.
"I made this here man come in with me," explained William. "He
weren't coming, but I said he'd be welcome for two reasons—firstly to wish
you a friendly wish, which was in him to do, and secondly to see me home,
because the night be blowing up for foul and I'm so light as a leaf
nowadays; and if the wind thrust me in the river, there I should certainly
bide."
They shook hands and Winter spoke.
"You know how much I've felt about this. It was a very terrible thing to
fall out and——"
"Don't go back to it. Don't let it trouble you any more. How is the man?
Does he understand that it was a bad thing to do? Does he understand that
he and I have both been out of our minds and done bad things? Or he may
argue, perhaps, that he was right to take the law into his own hands.
Anyway what he did to me was a great deal less than what I did to you. I
know—I know, Adam. It's one of the few blessings left that time can let me
talk in this stark fashion to you. Where there's such forgiveness as yours to
me, there's a great foundation for friendship. Humble enough on my side.
But it would be well to know if Samuel has took your line in that matter and
harbours no malice, or if I must be on my guard."
"He's long since forgotten all about it. He remembers no more than my
bull remembers. He'll wonder to see you lame and treat you respectful,
same as he did before."
"That's good then. There's compensations for a weak mind if it carries a

weak memory, Adam. And yet, without memory, we can't mourn our sins
and better our behaviour."
"That's why the beasts that perish don't get any forwarder, Jacob,"
explained William. "Memory be left out of them, save in small particulars.
And so they just live, and their sorrow is a passing matter and their
happiness not much more than a sense of comfort. And Sammy's terrible
lucky in one thing, like all other lunies, that, though he pays the price of his
wits in this world, he's a dead certainty for salvation in the next. You may
be born without a mind, you see, but if you're a human, you can't be born
without a soul; and though this world's blank for Samuel, in any high sense,
his number's up for the Kingdom of Heaven, since he's so sinless as a
jackdaw, for all his mischief."
"A deep subject," admitted Adam, "and I don't know as ever I looked at
it like that, Billy; but comforting for certain to them that care for the soft,
unfinished ones."
"Oh, yes," promised Mr. Marydrew cheerfully, "our maniacs will all be
there to welcome us; and in the light that pours out of the Throne, my dears,
'tis very likely indeed we shall find that the softies were often a damn sight
saner than some of us, who prided ourselves on our wits."
"That's true for certain," said Jacob. "I can confess before such as you,
though to some sort of men I never shall. But I can tell you that I've been
mad and am sane again—sane enough, at any rate, never to trust my sanity
any more. I was a very proud man, William, but pride has left me. I shall
never be proud again, nor proud of anything that belongs to me."
"You never were that," answered Winter. "In fact, where you had the
right to be proud, you were not, Bullstone."
They talked together, and Auna, who had been sent away soon after
their arrival, now returned and poured drink for them. Jacob felt no
objection to saying things before her that he would not have said before his
other children.
"It is a good thing in my life to know that you can sit in this room as a
friend," he said to Adam Winter. "There's a sort of sorrow that is not all
pain; and though I shall never look upon you without sorrow, I shall always
welcome the sight of you."
"I understand. And may the welcome never grow less and the sorrow
dwindle," answered the other. "We've gone through a deep place; and I've
lived to gather from you that you were possessed, as many good men have
had the ill luck to be; and please God others, that matter a very great deal
more than I do, may live to understand the same."
Thus, upon his home-coming, there fell a fitful ray of peace into the
outer regions of Bullstone's mind; and, content for a brief hour to live in the
present and trust this Indian summer, he took heart for a little while.
He thanked them for their visit and declared, presently, that his physical
wounds had been a good thing.
"To go short on your leg is a trifle, if it helps you to go longer in your

heart, and take wider views and rise up into patience," he said. "I'm the
wickedest of men, and yet I have got good friends who are wishful for my
betterment. And I never shall forget it—never."
"You're not a wicked man, father. Tell him he's not a wicked man, Mr.
Marydrew," urged Auna.
"Nobody's very wicked, my dear," answered Billy; "and nobody's any

too good. We're all much of a muchness, and good and evil be like the
berries on the trees—-all stomachable to somebody. Good's bad and bad's
good according to the point of view, and only through being bad, some
folks reach to being good. To some nice people being good is as easy as
falling off a log—same as it is to you, Auna, because you can't be any other;
and to some equally nice sort of people, 'tis a lot more difficult. The point
ain't so much whether you be good, as what you be good for. Some folk be
so good as gold, and yet good for nought; and some are so wicked as the
devil, and yet good for a lot. In fact 'tis a very wonderful world, my dear."
Auna laughed and presently the men rose to go home. Adam promised
to send Samuel to see Jacob on the following day. Margery had not been
named, but William alluded to her as he departed.
"There's always hope," he said. "I'll come along to-morrow and eat my
dinner with you, and us'll have a tell. And don't you get too busy. You'll be a
sick man yet, and your maiden here must look after you so well as she can."
Auna promised to do so, and when Avis and Peter had eaten their
suppers and gone to bed, she waited on her father.
"I do all the things you do," she told him. "I lock up and put out the
lamps and everything, because Avis is too busy with her wedding, and Peter
don't remember little things."
She helped him to his own room presently and he found it prepared for
him in every particular. Then she aided him to undress, and he bade her
return, when she was ready to go to bed, and say good night. She came, in
her grey flannel night-gown, and jumped in beside him for a little while.
He was very silent now and very tired. But he liked to listen to her. It
seemed as though the years had rolled away and Margery, young again, was
lying beside him. The very inflection of Auna's voice was hers.
And while she talked, the girl was thinking of her mother, too, for she
knew what was in Jacob's mind.
"Go now," he said, for her presence became too poignant. "Good night,
my dinky treasure, and God bless you."
She kissed him.
"And I hope—oh, how I hope mother will soon be here beside you,
father dear."
He squeezed her hand.
"Dout the candle and go on hoping—go on hoping, my pretty bird."
Then she slipped away and the man lay awake for many hours before
the circumstance of his home-coming. Its goodness was precious; but the
loneliness and doubt tormented him.
CHAPTER X
FLIGHT
Margery fluctuated and on her feeblest days the desire to return home
became most intense. For her own sake she longed to be back at Red
House; for his sake she wanted to be with Jacob. Her emotions towards him
eluded her; but when she knew definitely from Auna that his only dream on
earth was to see her again beside him, pity woke a faint ghost of the old
love. Red House itself drew her, for she felt that if the remainder of her life
was to be spent as a sick woman, she could be a more useful one and a
happier one in her home than with her parents. Though they assured her
daily that their home was hers, and dwelt much on the delight of the villa
residence, soon to receive them and Margery, she could win no pleasure
from the thought and her weakened mind shrank more and more from the
robust opinions of her mother and her father's forced cheerfulness. They
were incapable of understanding all that she felt, and now indeed she lacked
physical courage to attempt further explanation. In any case she would be
opposed. Therefore, with plenty of leisure for thought, she matured her
secret plans. They were foolish plans, for though the idea of telling Auna
frankly that she longed to come home and leaving the rest to Jacob had
more than once tempted her, this obvious course she feared, as being likely
to create greater difficulties of ultimate reconciliation with her parents. So
she gave neither Auna nor Avis any hint of the action proposed, but
arranged with Jeremy, on the understanding that no word concerning his
part in the plot should be whispered. That assured, with ill grace he
promised to meet her on a night in November, one fortnight before the day
now fixed for the wedding.
Thus Margery planned her return home and hoped that the wedding of
Avis and Robert Elvin would serve its turn to distract attention and smooth
affairs afterwards. In sanguine moments she even trusted time to conciliate
her parents. That her father would some day forgive her she knew, and that
her mother must logically pardon in the obedience to her own faith, she
hoped. For Margery fell back whole-heartedly upon the belief that she was
prompted and driven home again at Heaven's command. She found much
consolation and support in the belief that Providence willed her return. For
her, as for many, faith was only fatality writ in a more comfortable word.
It had been arranged that at three o'clock on a certain morning, Jeremy

and his trap should wait near Lydia Bridge, and that his sister should come
by the pathway under forest trees, beside the river and join him there.
Margery conserved her strength for this supreme effort and, for two
days before it came, lived in a trance. But she was alert enough to take more
food than usual and preserve a cheerful attitude. Her only doubt centred in
the extent of her physical strength, and now on the eve of her departure, as
that winter day closed in under a cold and frosty sky, she wished, too late,
that she had asked Jane to meet her close at hand, and pilot her through the
night to Jeremy.
She knew that she could safely leave the house, for her parents always
slept well and would not be awakened by any sound that she might make.
She sat with them that night until they bade her go to bed. Then her
mother ministered to her, read a chapter from the Bible, while Margery
drank her glass of hot milk, and so wished her good night and left her. The
hour was ten o'clock and she knew that nearly five hours must pass before
she would start. A little milk pudding was always left beside her, to eat in
the night if she awoke. This she determined to take at two o'clock, before
she began to dress. Now the details, that seemed so simple at a distance,
began to loom larger and more complicated. There was, after all, so much to
do before she could get clear of the house, and the subsequent walk through
the wood by the river began to seem a great thing. For she, who had once
loved the night, felt nervous of it now. Again and again she wished that she
had asked Jane to meet her near the post-office. She even considered the
possibility of changing her plans and fixing another night, before which this
detail might be arranged. But Jeremy would be at Lydia Bridge by three
o'clock, and if she failed him, he could not be counted upon for a second
attempt.
Her mind ran forward. She would leave Jeremy at the outer gate of Red
House, while she,—about four o'clock, or earlier—would go through the
wood and knock at the door. There was a bell, too; but if she could rouse
Jacob without wakening any other, that must be best. His room looked over
the porch. If she were strong enough, she would throw small stones and
waken him.
She pictured him looking out and seeing her. He would certainly know
who it was by star-light and hasten to let her in. The peat fire never went
out at this season, and he would bring her to it and draw it up. He would not
say much. He would be like a man fearful to wake from a dream; but she
would speak. He must never know who had brought her home: he would
not be jealous about that, Indeed he could not fail to guess. After all it
would be very like Jeremy to confess in secret—for the sake of Jacob's
applause and possible reward. Her husband would take her up to her room,
then, and leave her to go to sleep, while he dressed and began the day. And
presently her children would come to see her, while the familiar sounds
would be in her ears—the song of the river, the bleating of the goats and the
barking of the dogs. Puppies would tumble into her lap again—new puppies
that she had never seen; and old dogs she remembered would be there to
remember her. She would be very still and rest all day; and then painful
things must happen, for Avis, or Peter, must go swiftly in the morning to tell
them at Brent and allay their alarm. She started out of this dream, for
already she seemed lying in her own bed at home. But she was not there
yet. Thinking wearied her. A clock struck midnight.
She was back again in thought at Red House presently. It seemed

already hastening to meet her, instead of withdrawing far away under the
stars and waiting for her to come to it. Her mind wandered over little
homely things and indulged in little homely wonders. How was Jacob's
linen? Auna mended for him now. And her own shards and husks—Auna
had told her that nothing of them was touched. Jacob never allowed
anybody to go near the great wardrobe that he had bought for her when they
were married. But her clothes had curiously interested him. She doubted not
that he looked at the empty rags sometimes and took care of them. He had
always treasured the russet costume in which she was so nearly drowned
before their marriage. She concentrated upon Jacob and wondered why he
wanted her, and what he would think if he knew that she wanted him.
Another hour passed and for a little while she slept, then woke frightened
lest she had slept too long.
Elsewhere a scene of unusual vivacity was taking place which bore

directly upon Margery's affairs; and while she reflected and dreamed, her
parents entered upon a lively argument ere they slumbered. Barlow had
taken his lozenge and was about to sleep when his wife addressed him and
touched a matter already much in his mind.
"I'm a long way short of comfortable about Margery," she began, and he
declared the same uneasiness. That he should echo her doubt interested
Judith, but on questioning him she found that his fears were not concerned
with her daughter's soul. Her bodily state it was that agitated him.
"Dr. Briggs told me only to-day she was going back rather than forward.
She wants a good shake-up in his opinion, and a very serious thing is this:
that she's not anxious to get well seemingly. Doctor held that was a grave
symptom, She's not set on building up her strength, and she doubts if she'll
ever do it, unless something happens to throw her mind out of itself."
"Something will happen soon," said Mrs. Huxam. "There'll be the

excitement of changing houses."
"It isn't that sort of excitement, Judy. We're too apt to forget that
Margery was always a bit delicate. After the awful shock, and before she'd
got over that, she was snatched away from her regular life and thrown into
ours, which is quite different in every way. Quite right and necessary, but
we can't realise all that meant, or all she had to go through, I expect. We
only knew that she'd escaped from the evil to come; but there was another
side to her home life which no doubt she's dreadfully missed and which we
didn't know. In fact she's confessed it often. And now she's got anæmia, and
that's dangerous in itself."
"I'm troubled about something a good bit more dangerous than

anæmia," answered Judith. "The dust we're made of only holds together as
long as our Maker wants to cage our souls on earth. Then He cracks it and
lets the soul out; and that happens at the moment He wills and not a
moment sooner. Margery is like a swallow in September—restless, restless.
You can see it in her eyes—not resigned and not interested in the villa
residence, but thinking far too much of self. The devil's at her, Barlow."
"It's nature—not the devil. And you must put the body first for the
minute, because the state of the soul often depends upon it. In a word I'm
not at all sure if Lawyer Dawes wasn't right. He told me flat out, that if he
could make it happen, he'd get Margery and her husband friends again; and
he said that was more likely to improve her health, and save her life even
than anything that can overtake her. He's seen a good bit of Jacob Bullstone
and he assures me he's a changed man."
"And what did you say? Reproved the vain fool I should hope. 'Save her
life!' Doesn't Dawes know that 'He who loses his life for My sake shall save
it'? Did you tell him that? Did you remind him that the only life that matters
to a Christian is the eternal life?"
"I did not," confessed Barlow, "because, in the case of Lawyer Dawes,
that would have been vain conversation. And I may remind you the
specialist that Dr. Briggs had down to see Margery from Plymouth said
something to the same purpose. He's known for a very clever man indeed,
with many good and amazing cures to his credit, and he understands his
business be sure. Briggs didn't agree with him I grant, because he hates
Bullstone for his crimes, and wouldn't have her go back; but Dr. Nettleship,
from Plymouth, did firmly hold that if they could be brought together it
might be the turning point for Margery and restore her health and peace.
And, what's more, I wouldn't be so very much astonished if Margery herself
was agreeable."
Mrs. Huxam sat up wide awake.
"You properly shock me," she answered, "and I'm very sorry that I've
heard you utter these loose thoughts. For they show a weakness that I never
guessed was so near home. And now you say she's that way inclined
herself, and don't that show I'm right—that her spirit is in danger? It's too
true that she's in moods sometimes, when she thinks of that man in a very
improper manner. I've surprised her in them, and we know Satan finds
plenty of evil thought for idle minds. But let it be understood once for all
that they are evil and open the way to deadly danger; and never let me hear
you say again that it might be well for her to go back to Red House;
because if I do, I'll change my lifelong feeling to you, Barlow."
"Don't say nothing you'll repent," begged Barlow, "You've taken this in
far too fierce a spirit. We only want to consider all possible plans for
making Margery well in body first."
"We have not to consider anything of the sort," answered Judith. "Her
body matters not a brass button against her soul; and if, in her bodily
weakness, the devil sees an opportunity, then 'tis for us to hinder him, not
help him. You're very near as bad as old Marydrew and other people I've
heard on the subject. Don't you see what becomes of your daughter's soul, if
she goes back to that doomed sinner even in thought? You've astonished me
a good bit by your earthy blindness to-night, for I thought you were long
past any such weakness. Sometimes my heart sinks when I look at life and
see, even among my nearest, such dangers opening under their feet. But you
—I certainly did always count that you were safe."
Barlow in his turn was hurt.
"So did I," he said, "and with tolerable sound reason; and it's a source of
great pain to me that you can doubt it. You mustn't imagine, Judy, that I'm
taking any fatal attitude. I'm very well satisfied that Margery can look after
her soul; surely you've taught her how to do that? And I'm also tolerably
certain I can look after mine. You mustn't get into the way of thinking
you're the only creature on God's earth who be out of danger. I'm talking of
our daughter's body for the minute, not her soul, and if the Plymouth doctor
says a certain thing—a man of great knowledge too—and you have reason
to believe that Margery may have some ideas in the same direction, then I
say it's well within reason, and religion also, to turn it over before you turn
it down."
"And I say that you lie," answered Mrs. Huxam firmly. "As to reason, I
don't know and don't want to know. I hate the word. I know where reason
will bring most humans, despite their Saviour's blood poured in a river for
them. And I will speak for religion and our child's eternity and only that;
and I tell you that any such horror as her going back to her old life would
shut the door of Heaven against her for evermore. And that you know as
well as I do; and I hope you'll call on God to forgive you for pretending to
doubt it. And I hope God will forgive you, else you'll soon be in pretty sad
trouble yourself."
Mr. Huxam did not immediately reply, but the adamant conviction with
which Judith spoke impressed him. He did indeed suspect that from the
standpoint of religion she might be right; but he excused himself.
"A father is a father," he said, "and if natural longing, to see my only

daughter strong and happy again, led me to offend—well, you must make
allowance for human weakness, Judy."
"A father is a father as you say, Barlow; and a Heavenly Father is a

Heavenly Father; and if you're not prepared to say 'Thy will be done' at your
time of life, then I can assure you that it's a very hopeless attitude. We want
to make Margery's soul sure for God. We want to know that when we're
safe through the Vale, our children—the souls we have been allowed to
bring on earth—will follow us to our eternal home, or go in front, as in the
case of our Thomas. The order of going is God's business, but the road is
ours, and having the Light, what shall be said of the human parent that
would let a child stray on the wrong road if he could prevent it? You're
playing with everlasting fire for your only daughter—that's what you're
doing to-night."
"Then we'll go to sleep," said Mr. Huxam. "I quite understand she's in
Higher Hands, and I also grant the duty to the soul is higher than the duty to
the body. We'll see her together to-morrow, and tackle the subject, and try to
find the right road for Margery—where body and soul both will be looked
after."
But his wife would not let him go to sleep. She was roused into a very
vivid wakefulness and she poured a long and steady flood of dogma into
Barlow's weary ears. His answers became fewer and she talked him into
unconsciousness at last; but she did not sleep herself; and thus it came about
that while Margery was dressing and putting on all the warm clothes that

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7. What is the best way to conceptualize adolescents' free time?

9. Which adolescent is least likely to spend leisure time reading?

19. What kind of job is an eighth grader most likely to have?

25. What makes adolescents attractive targets for a variety of businesses?

29. Research assessing adolescent work experiences found:

30. Which of the following is true of most adolescents' jobs?

35. Which of the following is not an effect of premature affluence?

45. When is delinquency most common?

50. Which of the following statements about unemployed youth is false?

graduates who were not in college.

54. The Experience Sampling Method involves:

55. The Experience Sampling Method was created by:

58. When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?

60. Who of the following is most likely to be involved in extracurricular activities?

62. Which of the following statements about extracurricular participation is true?

65. The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:

82. What makes a positive youth development program successful?

84. What proportion of American households has at least one television?

86. The highest levels of media use are reported by:

101. What percentage of teens are online using social media?

102. What is a scientifically valid concern regarding adolescents' media use?

Elsewhere, by a coincidence, this very thing that they desired was

"Your mother's thin? So Auna says. It's a great grief to me."

"Certainly. Ask what you please, John Henry."

"Owley's my wedding gift to Avis. She's going to be married and going

"Why in such a hurry? I haven't gone yet. Plenty of time."

"You let Avis have Owley."

"Give—give—give! And are you never to give? Are my children to

"What does your mother say?"

"How so, if all mine is hers?"

John Henry cheered up and promised to do as he was directed.

JACOB COMES HOME

The mother of Margery believed, with Augustin, that persecution is the

Bullstone's attitude resembled hers in intense desire; but he was

Her mother firmly withstood the suggestion, and by her strenuous

"Grandfather's rather wishful for mother to be at the church, however,"

They shook hands and Winter spoke.

"That's good then. There's compensations for a weak mind if it carries a

"To go short on your leg is a trifle, if it helps you to go longer in your

"Nobody's very wicked, my dear," answered Billy; "and nobody's any

She kissed him.

He squeezed her hand.

"Dout the candle and go on hoping—go on hoping, my pretty bird."

It had been arranged that at three o'clock on a certain morning, Jeremy

She was back again in thought at Red House presently. It seemed

Elsewhere a scene of unusual vivacity was taking place which bore

"Something will happen soon," said Mrs. Huxam. "There'll be the

"I'm troubled about something a good bit more dangerous than

Mrs. Huxam sat up wide awake.

Barlow in his turn was hurt.

"A father is a father," he said, "and if natural longing, to see my only

"A father is a father as you say, Barlow; and a Heavenly Father is a

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