PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Self-Development
Lesson Knowing Oneself
1 Understanding oneself during middle and late adolescence

As an individual we commonly see other people’s manner of doing things, belief and system of living.
We most of the time give comments and/or judgment on how they behave and react in certain scenarios.
However, it is observed that most people find it hard to make good and sound evaluation towards their own
behavior, traits and personality. In this lesson, we will try to know ourselves better by having careful reflections
on how we see ourselves as an individual and understanding our characters particularly as young and late
adolescent.

What’s In

Start knowing yourself better. Kindly work with a partner and assess how well you know yourself by listing down
your values, characteristics and/or traits using the Four Quadrants of Oneself. (Be guided by the instructions
below.) Be able to discuss to your teacher and/or classmates the result of this activity using your output.
I. Values you know well you possess
II. Values you and others knew you possess
III. Values you and others hardly knew you possess
IV. Values others knew well you possess

I II

Well- Well-
know know
n by n by
self self
alone and
other
s

III IV
Wel
Hardl
l-
y
kno
know
wn
n by
by
self
oth
and
ers
other
alo
s
ne

What’s New
Self-Development

As an adolescent you may indeed agree with me if I say that it is during this year that you find most
important to know ourselves deeper. You most of the time find yourself asking what do you really want or why do
you really like doing these things or being with these people.
You may find it queer that you are starting to ask several questions in your mind but you’ve got to
understand that you are not the only person who experienced it. Most of the people have at some point of their
lives have encountered themselves beginning to be more inquisitive about what or why do they want do the
same things they love to do or be with the people whom they find themselves comfortable with. Now that you are
in your middle or late adolescence, we can say that you may have discovered changes in your life, or in your
behavior or attitude that makes you eager to understand why.
The clear answer is you are beginning to study yourself better which is part of Self-Development. Self-
development means is taking steps to better yourself, such as by learning new skills or overcoming bad habits. It
also means efforts toward self-fulfillment, either through formal study programs or on one's own. We also call this
personal development.
On the other hand, examining yourself, most specifically how you react on things, your belief traits, and
values is one of the most complicated things to do in the world. You have to understand that it has to go on a
process and not just a simple homework to be done.
This lesson will be of great help for you to rediscover yourself better. Let us start by knowing some
concepts of understanding one self.
Know Thyself

“An unexamined life is not worth living”, this is one of the famous line once uttered by one of the
greatest philosophers of Ancient Greek in the person of Socrates.

Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and
consequently gained different meanings. One meaning is transcribed in The Suda.

“The Suda” is the encyclopaedia of Greek knowledge in the 10 th century claiming that know thyself is
applied to those whose boasts exceed what they are and that it is a reminder for an individual not to attend to the
opinion of others.

In later years Thomas Hobbes discussed his own views about the maxim from which he used the
phrase “read thyself” in his famous work The Leviathan. He stressed that an individual can learn more by
studying others and that he/she can do this by engaging himself/herself to reading book. However, Hobbes
emphasized that a person learns more by studying oneself.

He further elaborates his views about know thyself from which he states that a man who look into
himself/herself and consider contemplating on what he/she did or what he/she think, reason, hope and fear of
etc. and to what grounds he/she feels all these can consequently learn how to read and learn others’ thoughts
and passions in similar occasions.

Thus, this statement leads us to the realization that knowing oneself is the open door that leads us to
knowing others better.

Other authors of other materials believe that know thyself is a moral epistemological injunction. This
suggests that the philosophy is the acquiring the skills of way of questioning or challenging the person to gain
careful understanding of oneself. It is a form of self-concern.

Self-Concept

Self-concept is the totality of our beliefs, preferences, opinions and attitudes organized in a systematic
manner, toward our personal existence. (Sincero, 2019).

This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern Philosophy, proposed his theory that a
person’s existence depends on his/her perception. Rene Descartes states that mind is the seat of
consciousness. (Whittemore, 2019).

This means that it is in the mind that we know everything about ourselves like our identify, passion,
interest, feelings, intellect thus everything that we are comes from the mind.
 Self-concept theory has a lot of suppositions regarding how people learn to judge themselves. Among
these Sincero named three aspects such as:

Self-concept is learned. This explains that no individual is born with self-concept. A person will soon
develop this as he/she grow old. This means that self-concept can only be acquired as soon as the person learns
how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by the person’s environment and
can be a product of the person’s socialization.

Self-concept is organized. This stresses out that one’s perception towards himself/herself is firm. This
means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding himself/herself but will keep on believing
that what he/she thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. Change however, on ones perceptions towards
himself/herself may also be possible but it takes time.

Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual grew older he/she continue encounter problems or challenges
that may be reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. A person will definitely respond to the
scenario based on his/her own insights and how he/she perceive himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-
concept undergoes development as person goes through different experiences.

Aside from the philosophers above, Sigmund Freud who is a well-known psychologist, neurologist and
the creator of psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three layers within us such as id, ego and superego that
certainly play a vital role of how we think of ourselves. Let’s tackle them one at a time. (Whittemore, 2019)

The Id. Freud explains that it is the seat of every man’s desire and want for it is driven by pleasure
principle. This is also the first part to develop for it is present from birth. Perhaps, you have notice than an infant
will cry if he/she wants to be fed to satisfy his/her hunger. The infant would not give any reason why he/she
wants food nor think if it’s already time to be fed. You may have noticed also that babies do grab things and
would want to get things on their hands not minding if it hurts nor if it is important or not. All he/she wants is to get
it for he/she wants to have it. This is the nature of Id, however, this instinct is controlled by the ego and superego
as these aspects are developed in man’s life.

The Ego. This aspects operates according to reality which make it possible for the Id to work in a more
proper and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more socially accepted means of getting the desires and wants
of a person. Ego will provide the person guidelines on how to behave appropriately while the person fulfilled
his/her pleasure. (Cherry, 2019).

This component of our personality takes place whenever we know within ourselves that though we have
satisfy our cravings for food or anything we desire to have we certainly process it in our minds that we must do
this by making our ways pleasant for others acceptance.

The Superego. This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or concept of
right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment. Freud believes that
superego begin to manifest as a child turns 5. (Cherry, 2019).

This personality is developed as we learn the culture of distinguishing right from wrong based on the set
of guidelines and standards that are known to us which may probably imposed to us by our parents, teachers of
elders or the community we belong too itself. Therefore, superego works in our lives in order to put directions in
our way of living so that we may not be able to hurt others as others would do the same towards us.

What is It
Every day of our lives we have seen pictures, cartoons, comic strips everywhere from where
photographers, painters, cartoonists are able to express their messages by simply tickling our minds on what
they have analyzed in their surroundings or how they view certain issues in life. Now, let us see how well you
knew others by understanding their point of view.
Challenge 1: Editorial Cartoon Analysis

Let start with the first cartoon. Study the editorial cartoon below and answer the questions
below.

1. What message does it give us? Do you agree with the message?
2. How would you describe the thought of the author towards adolescents?
Challenge 2: Cyber Bullying Campaign

Intelligence is not knowing the heart that can forgive; it is learning when to have
the heart that is ready to forgive the same person again. #Stopthehatespreadlove

1. How would you interpret the line? Do you think the same way? Why? Why not?
2. How do you visualize the situation of the author of this message?
3. In what certain scenario would you use the message of this line?
What’s More

Activity 1.1 Being Familiar with the Different Philosophies of Knowing Oneself

Knowing Oneself is quite an easy task but it requires a lot of self-assessment and some “me” time in
order to be very much adept with how one must analyze his/her way of behaving, interacting and living his/her
life with other people in his/her community.
In this part of this module you are to do the following things to enable yourself gained skills of knowing
yourself deeply.
Briefly discuss the principles/concepts of the famous philosophers.
1. “Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is strength; mastering
yourself is true power.” - Lao Tzu
2. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” - Aristotle
Learning the Skill: Understanding Conceptual Paradigm
1. Study the conceptual framework below and analyze the connections of the elements and explain it in a
concise manner.
 What I Have Learned
 Self-development means is taking steps to better yourself. It also means efforts toward self-fulfillment.
 Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism gained different meanings.
 “The Suda” is the encyclopaedia of Greek knowledge in the 10th century claiming that know thyself is
applied to those whose boasts exceed what they are and that it is a reminder for an individual not to
attend to the opinion of others.
 Thomas Hobbes used the phrase “read thyself” to stress out that an individual can learn more by
studying others and that he/she can do this by engaging himself/herself to reading book.
 Knowing oneself is the beginning of all wisdom according to Aristotle.
 Know thyself is a moral epistemological injunction according to some writers which means acquiring the
skills of way of questioning or challenging the person to gain careful understanding of oneself.
 Self-concept is the totality of our beliefs, preferences, opinions and attitudes organized in a systematic
manner, toward our personal existence.
 Rene Descartes states that mind is the seat of consciousness.
 Self-concept have three aspects as enumerated by Sincero namely: Self-concept is 1.) learned, 2.)
organized, and 3.) dynamic.
 There are three layers of self, according to Sigmund Freud namely: 1.) The Id, 2) The Ego, and 3.) The
Superego.

What I Can Do
Now you are ready to do this activity, you are to know yourself better. Recall the most important event/s
of your life which you believe you have discovered yourself more. Complete the road map below. Consider the
instructions given.

Parts of Road Map What to write

1. Title of the Road Map Choose a title that will sum up your life. (Concentrate
on the problems/experiences you will feature on this
road map.)

2. Home Describe yourself before the problem you have

encountered?

3. Gas Station 1 Name the first problem you have encountered that has
given you a good lessons in life.

4. Park List down the positive things that had happen to you
after learning the lessons you have in Gas Station 1

5. Bridge State things you have realize after overcoming

experiencing problem/s when no one was there to help
you.

6. Detour List down things/activities you do that makes you

strong whenever you feel so down.

7. Parking Area Name the changes you notice to yourself after

encountering challenges you have indicated in part 5
“Bridge”.
8. Zigzag Road Describe how well you smoothly and successfully
surpassed the other challenges of your life possessing
the positive traits you have gained from your pass
experiences.

9. Gas Station 2 State one good reason why you won’t choose to
change yourself or your thoughts regarding the way
you live your life now.

10. Phone Booth Name three traits/values you will constantly and
consistently share with others so that they will also
overcome the challenges of their lives.

11. Home Coming State your reason why would you choose the same
path you had taken that brought you where you are
now.

12. Home Bound Describe how blessed you will live your life in the
future knowing that you strongly believe that you all
have the traits/values you need to stay strong
whatever problem/s that may come in your life.

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What explains the phrase “read thyself” of Thomas Hobbes?
a. it is the effort toward self-fulfillment.
b. an individual can learn more by studying others.
c. must not boost and attend to the opinion of others.
d. learning through one’s experiences and achievements

2. Which does NOT state the nature of The Id?

a. starts from birth
b. focuses on one’s desire
c. develops at the age of 5
d. satisfies pleasure principle

3. Which states FACT about The Superego?

a. acquired from birth
b. holds persons moral judgment
c. developed for a long period of time
d. affected by persons unique identify

4. Which statement can define The Ego?

a. satisfies ones wants
b. operates according to reality
c. develops according to one’s desire
d. affects persons opinion toward himself

5. Which statement is true about mind as the seat of consciousness as defined by Rene Descartes?
a. through our minds we perceive the future
b. through our minds we know ourselves better
c. through our minds we realized our past experiences
 d. through our minds we keep on discovering people’s belief

6. Which is NOT true about self-development?

a. every people will undergo this process.
b. everybody will look for ways to understand himself/herself.
c. everyone will find it difficult to know himself/herself better.
d. every individual has the chance of knowing himself/herself better.

7. What is likely to happen when one gained complete understanding of himself/herself?

a. he/she will seek professional help.
b. he/she will find difficult knowing others.
c. he/she will build a better life on his/her own.
d. he/she will take his/her part in the society successfully.
8. To where a person is believed to acquire his/her first and primary concept of right and wrong?
a. from his/her family
b. from his/her school
c. from his/her friends
d. from his/her society
9. Why should a person develop the The Ego?
a. he/she will become more mature
b. he/she will appear more educated
c. he/she will gain be more successful
d. he/she will learn how to control his/her instincts.
10. Why is The Superego important?
a. This gives person guidelines of distinguishing right from wrong.
b. This teaches an individual to be more careful of his/her actions.
c. This provides concept of communities’ rules for judging people’s actions.
d. This helps one realize whether actions of others are needed to be judged.
11. Why did Lao Tzu say that Mastering yourself is true power?
a. Mastering ones personality will give you courage to do everything.
b. Knowing yourself will effectively increase your strength and
positive traits.
c. Being familiar with one’s personality is an really an advantage for one to outstand the rest.
d. Knowing oneself will allow one to respond to a situation according to his/her behavior.
12. What idea is embedded in the phrase, “Mastering others is strength.”
a. Knowing others is gift
b. Knowing others is ability
c. Knowing others is a talent
d. Knowing others is mastery
13. What is the probable reason why The Suda reminds people not to be affected by others opinion?
a. Others people point of view is very belittling.
b. People have tendency to forget old teachings.
c. Self-concept does not concentrate on people’s opinion.
d. Self-concept does not value the point of view of others towards oneself.
14. What is meant by “Knowing others is intelligence.”?
a. Having ideas towards identify of others is just a mental state.
b. Getting to know others is also a gift that only few are blessed.
c. Knowing how to deal with different personalities is a special talent.
d. It is not easy to know others it requires mental capability to do this.
15. What is meant by “Knowing yourself is true wisdom.”?
a. Self-concept is a great power of mind.
 b. Knowing oneself is achieving a higher level of thinking.
c. Knowing oneself is a process that is developed through self-discovery.
d. Self-concept is a kind of intelligence that is developed through education.

Additional Activities
You are indeed successful in studying this lesson, now you are to do a certain task to enhance your
skills in knowing yourself better.
They say that people do live in accordance or opposite to what their names suggest. Kindly ask your
parents, guardian or relatives of a short history of how they name you. You may also surf the net of the meaning
of your name.
After having the knowledge regarding the definition of your name, face the mirror, contemplate and relax
for a moment. You are to recall happy thoughts and also the lowest moment of your life. In your mind, try to list
down things that makes you familiar with your behavior, personality, actions and values.
Then, after a moment of contemplating make a diary note and write down your thoughts there. Be
guided by the instructions below.
Write a three-paragraph reflection of how you lived your life for the past five years. Please take note of
the guide questions given below.
1. Have you lived in accordance or opposite of your name?
2. What delivered you to having this kind of life?
3. In what way would you like to remain the same or change your life?
4. What best quote can sum up your life?

Me: My Life
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 Lesson
Developing the Whole Person
2

Developing oneself holistically may be the goal of everyone. However, it is easier than done. If it is not
a “piece of cake” to know oneself it is also quite hard for a person to start picking the pieces of himself/herself to
subsequently develop his/her individuality completely.

Though, since you have already obtained a clear and keen understanding or yourself as you have done
all the activities in the previous lesson, understanding the competencies included in this module will be pretty
easy for you. Thus, you will eventually put all the skills developing the whole person within yourself. So, get ready
to unfold the reality by removing the barriers toward your understanding about your true self.

What’s In
You are about to discover and share more of yourself. Try answering the activity below. Write
your answers on the second column and justification on the third column.

Aspects Answer Justification

Physiological
1. What is the most beautiful part of your body?
2. What part of your body which is not so appealing
for you/others?
Cognitive
1. What field caught your interest the most?
2. What field do you find yourself hard to catch up?
Psychological
1. What situation/s make/s you strong?
2. What situation/s make/s you weak?
Spiritual
1. What creation of God do you appreciate the
most?
2. What creation of God you do not appreciate that
much?
Social
1. What best behaviour do you possess that you
are able to interact to others well?
2. What skill do you want to enhance so that you
can easily blend with others?

What’s New
People from all walks of life meet different kinds of stages of development. As a young adult like you,
you may have noticed the unending stages of development in different aspects of your being that makes you feel
joyful, excited, anxious, or different. These are not absurd feelings but the reactions of our body to the life
changes you are experiencing.
 Adolescence is the stage of development that is believed to be the transition stage - from childhood to
adulthood. It is also observed that most of the aspects of an individual have already reached a great progress but
still needed to be refined and be completely understood.

Bear to take note that it is in this phase that late teeners like you find all forms of development quite
awful. It is because you do not have the proper mind set of understanding your condition. As a result you also
render behaviors which are intolerable for others most specifically your parents and/or siblings of a younger or
older than you.

In this lesson you will be familiar with the five varied aspects of stages of development. You will
definitely know that these stages have their respective nature but are very much connected to one another as we
talk about how they affect the well-being of a person. Here are the five stages of development:

Stages of Development

Physiological Development. This is the stage of development that has been fully developed for the person
reached the late adolescence.

The three main physical changes that come with adolescence are 1.) The growth spurt (an early sign of
maturation); 2.) Primary sex characteristics (changes in the organs directly related to reproduction); 3.)
Secondary sex characteristics (bodily signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve reproductive organs).

Boys and girls will definitely experience different sets of physical changes. Like boys may tend to
change their voices, or start to experience facial hair growth while girls will start to see their breast being
developed and the broadening of their hips and having the monthly period called menstruation. There are
changes that occur which are common to both sexes like rapid growth in their height and big changes in their
body structure particularly growth in their bones.

Physical development is the stage of development that a person may notice first for this more obvious
and human being find it more easy to seek assistance for they can ask questions regarding the changes that
occurs in their body. However, some physiological changes may be not so pleasing for them thus adolescents
find themselves behaving differently as compared to their previous years. This is where behavioral changes
occur.

Cognitive Development. This is also known as intellectual changes. It is during this stage that an adolescent is
capable of using his/her higher level of thinking. Rather than asking questions of what, why and how just like
most of the children do during the childhood stage teenagers are capable of making their hypothesis and
investigate for the truth and not being satisfied of believing what is said to them.

The stage of cognitive development also means how a person think, explore and figure out things. It is
the development of knowledge mental skills like problem solving and arriving at conclusion or decision making.
Therefore, we can say the brain development is also part of this stage.

Intellectual development may also affect other stages of development like spiritual and social
development. For these, things also affect how an individual decide on things. He/she will use the standard of the
society in making some logical actions or judgements for where the he/she utilizes his/her spirituality and
socialization with others before pronouncing his/her thoughts and beliefs.

The theory of Jean Piaget toward cognitive development of a child further promotes the child’s ability to
solve problems and reason logically and this ability particularly takes place during the middle adolescence and
continuously being strengthen as the child reach his/her maturity.
 The stages of cognitive development as proposed by Piaget are as follows:

1. Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years

2. Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7
3. Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11
4. Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up

These stages are contributory to child intellectual state as he/she reaches maturity. Piaget believe that
as adolescent enters the last stage, he/she develops ability to test hypotheses in a mature and scientific manner.
Adolescent in this stage are already capable of engaging to a serious talk communicating his/her
thoughts following ethical standards. The adolescent can also compose his/her thoughts in his/her minds with an
ease. Teenagers can elaborate on abstract ideas and discuss them organizing their thoughts mentally.

Psychological Development. There are various theories that may somehow explain this stage of development
among these is Erik Erikson’s and Lev Vygotsky. Although, the two have their different concentration on this
stage of development. Erik Erikson’s Theory of development attempted to explain the changes that occur in
child’s psychosocial development while Lev Vygotsky Theory of development concentrated on psychological
development.

Though, Erik Erikson’s theory is generally influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Theory Erikson’s theory
focuses on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development.

Psychosocial Development for Erikson is a series of stages in which a child experiences conflict that
serves as primary element for his/her development. If the child has successfully dealt with these conflicts it will
contribute much to his/her well-being particularly on how he/she will optimistically live his/her live in latter years.
He/she will manifest positive behavior and good disposition in life that makes him/her feel good about
him/herself. However, if he/she fail to deal with the conflict effectively he/she may not develop skills needed for
him/her to see a great sense of individuality.

The eight stages of Psychosocial Development according to Erikson are as follows:

1. Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 8 months)

2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (2 to 3 years)
3. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 5 years)
4. Industry vs Inferiority (6 to 11 years)
5. Identify vs confusion (12 to 18 years)
6. Intimacy vs Isolation (19 to 40 years)
7. Generativity vs Stagnation (40 to 65 years)
8. Integrity vs Despair (65 to death)

During your stage, the late adolescence most of the teenagers really long for the feeling of
belongingness. Thus, most of you engaged to peer-romantic relationship and sisterhood or brotherhood for
company. Your desire to having good relationship tend to become the main component of your being. Success
leads teenagers to be part of a good relationship. Failure delivers the individual to negative emotions like
loneliness, depression or isolation.

The success of an individual depends on his/her how well he/she deals with the experiences he/she
encounters. It is really unpredictable how an individual can positively move on to the next stage of development.
The environment and social nature of the individual has really a great impact on his/her personal development.

Spiritual Development. This stage plays a big role in the development of an adolescent. A child basic
assessment towards him/herself is will give him/her sense of meaning, purpose and direction in life. When this
happen the child will feel that he/she is connected to the world he/she lives in.
 Spirituality is significantly related to child’s moral and ethical concept toward self. Thus, this must really
be part of his/her personal growth. Spiritual growth is the process of becoming fit for higher level in the spirit
world.

This stage of development helps an adolescent to cope up with inner conflicts they are struggling to
overcome. It is in this stage that they tend to think about so many abstract things like asking about life. They find
it difficult to grasp their thoughts to answer practical questions that leave them confused. They ask questions
such as: Why do people have to love? Why do people exist? What is my purpose of living? and so many other
questions from only life and positive outlook can possibly give them a sense of relief.

This stage does not illustrate a specific path or direction that one can take for careful realization of this
type of personal growth. On the other hand, frequent meditation and reflective way of connecting to your inner
self is suggested. It is through spiritual growth that we help ourselves grow and know ourselves better.

Spiritual growth has a lot of positive effects toward individual’s life. It is when we grow spiritually that we
obtain optimistic point of view about the world. This feeling will have domino effect. As we see the world with so
much positivism a lot of changes favorable to us. Positive changes also constitute positive emotions vice versa.
With this kind of personal growth people learn to practice or observe good traits which are appealing for others.
This state will also imbibe good reactions and responses among people. Spiritual growth though may not easily
gain is indeed equally important as the other stages of development for a person to attain happiness and good
life.

Social Development. Lev Vygotsky’s psychological development emphasizes that consciousness is the
end product of socialization. For him, socialization is essential in cognitive development. He also explains that
the cognitive development may rely on the zone of proximal development of ZPD. This is the level of
development attained when children engage in social behavior. One can exceeds what can be attained alone
with the presence of the guidance of peer or adult.

Therefore, complete social development requires a person to social interaction and thus it entails an
individual to be socially active. On the one hand, meeting a lot of people does not mean being socially active.
One should be able to assess other people’s behavior and deal with the conflict one may encounter and learn
from this situation.

As we learn from identifying our strengths and weaknesses, or own sets of behavior we enhance
ourselves by learning the other people respective behavior. Using our learning from our way of socializing with
others must lead us to our success.

What is It
Teenage years like where you are now bring you to different strange feelings for there are a lot of “ first
time” in your life. Let’s see how well can you relate to the situations given. Discuss how you behaved when you
encounter these scenarios.

Scenarios Describe your How did you positively surpass

Thoughts/Feelings/Behaviour the incident?
1. In class discussion, you were called
by your teacher to answer the problem
on the board but you were not able to
do it right. You notice your crush is
 looking at how you are reacting at the
moment.
2. During your PE class you did a lot of
physical exercises and you felt that
your body had a sudden fluid of fluid
from your intimate part. You are quite
reluctant to tell anybody on how you
feel.
3. One Sunday, your family is going to
hear the mass. You are asked by your
parents to join them for it has been a
long time since you joined them on a
Sunday activity. However, you want to
be with your friends for you have a lot
of things you want to share that you
find it difficult to share with the elder
ones.
4. In church, you are asked to organize
the event for the celebration of youth
month. You are to work with other
teenagers whom you do not really
know.
You are hesitant to introduce yourself
to them for you think they are not that
approachable.
5. You had a big fight with your best
friend last quarter of last year. You met
him/her during the foundation day of
the school. You know well that it was a
long time and you have understood
what happened and you have forgiven
him/her and so yourself on how you
reacted. But you find it difficult to put
words together to start the
conversation.

What’s More
Learning the Skill: Understanding Conceptual Paradigm
1. Study the words below and analyze how the words must be associated to how you feel towards yourself
or life experiences as an adolescent. State your answer by writing down your thoughts on the space
provided for

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 What I Have Learned

1. Adolescence is the stage of developing that when the final transition from childhood to adulthood is
observed.
2. Stages of Development have five aspects such as: 1.) Physiological, 2.) Cognitive 3.) Psychological,
4.) Spiritual and 5.) Social Development.
3. Physiological Development also known as physical growth is the most noticeable kind of change that
occurs in an individual particularly in the adolescence years.
4. Male and female adolescent do undergo different kinds of physical changes in their body one that is
common to both sexes is the rapid hair growth and height.
5. Cognitive Development also known as intellectual growth makes the adolescent capable of using
higher level of thinking to organize their thoughts mentally regarding abstract things.
6. Jean Piaget proposed the four stages of cognitive development namely: 1.) sensorimotor; 2.)
preoperational; 3.) concrete operational; 4.) formal operational.
7. Psychological development is most common explained through different theories about psychological
and psychosocial development among these are Erik Erikson’s and Lev Vygotsky’s theories of
development.
8. Psychosocial Development of Erik Erikson has eight stages such as: 1.) Trust vs Mistrust; 2.)
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt; 3.) Initiative vs Guilt 4.) Industry vs Inferiority; 5.) Identity vs
Confusion; 6.)Intimacy vs Isolation; 7.) Generativity vs Stagnation; and 8.) Integrity vs Despair.
9. Spirituality development or spiritual growth is the process of becoming fit for higher level in the spirit
world.
10. Social development stresses consciousness as the end product of socialization.

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What type of change does NOT occur during physiological growth?
a. hair growth
b. brain growth
c. voice change
d. monthly period

2. Which statement does NOT state a fact about physical growth?

a. It is noticeable.
b. It is the last stage to experience.
c. It may give negative feeling for adolescent.
d. It also involves behavioral changes among adolescents.

3. Cognitive Development Theory of Jean Piaget promotes the child’s ability to _____________.
a. judge oneself
b. solve inner conflicts
c. solve problems mentally
d. judge people’s behavior

4. What statement is true about adolescent stage?

a. Adolescence starts from 8 to 21 years of age.
b. Adolescents experience formal operational stage.
c. Adolescence entails different stages of development.
d. Adolescents are already capable of elaborate abstract ideas.

5. What statement defines Psychosocial Development of Erikson?

a. It is related to child’s moral and ethical concept of self.
b. It is the first noticeable changes that occur in a man’s life.
 c. Conflict is the inevitable things that a man encounters in life.
d. Conflict that a child experience in life serves as a form of development.

6. What is being experience by a child in identify vs confusion stage during the Psychological development
according to Erik Erikson?
a. the adolescents are struggling to determine who they are.
b. the adolescents are able to work with others without difficulty.
c. the adolescents are able to perform their work without difficulty.
d. the adolescents are struggling to know issues that involve them.

7. What statement gives the reason why spiritual development plays a big role in the personal growth of an
adolescent?
a. It gives him/her sense of direction.
b. It gives him/her the skills in socialization.
c. It gives him/her freedom to choose his/her religion.
d. It gives him/her ideas on why changes in his/her body occur.

8. What does ZPD mean?

a. zone personal development
b. zone person’s development
c. zone proximal development
d. zone proximal developmental

9. Complete social development must include

a. spiritual growth
b. social interaction
c. social responsibility
d. cognitive development

10. What is NOT likely to happen when we learn to identify our strengths and weaknesses?
a. We will judge others easily.
b. We learn to accept others too.
c. We get to know ourselves better.
d. We become successful dealing with our problems.

11. What statement gives reason why negative behaviors are observed among teenagers during the
physiological growth?
a. Physical growth is so stressful.
b. All of kinds of physiological changes are negative.
c. Some physical changes are not pleasing for the youth.
d. Physiological changes are not observable to some people.

12. How many stages of development that a middle or late adolescent may experience?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8

13. What kind of development may happen when a person seek his/her real purpose in life?
a. social growth
b. physical growth
c. spiritual growth
d. intellectual growth

14. What kind of development may take place when a person is able to
to solve puzzles and define abstract things?
a. social growth
b. physical growth
 c. spiritual growth
d. intellectual growth

15. What form of development when one works well with others and deal with conflicts between them?
a. social growth
b. spiritual growth
c. physical growth
d. psychological growth
Additional Activities
Since you have a wide range of understanding on why you behave and think the way do or did in the past, I want
you to recall the past events when you think you have become so unfair to your parents, siblings or friends for
you are suffering from some negative aspects of being in a late teen years. Kindly write a letter of apology
addressing it to the person whom who have hurt the most but is very much deserving to hear your story. Explain
to him/her what you have undergone that day/those days. Make this person remember how you behave and tell
him/her the reason why. Also, make him/her understand that you also need him/her understanding so that you
may be able to surpass this stage of your life.

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