Professional Documents
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Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
4. Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the
A. somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.
B. prefrontal area of the frontal lobe.
C. visual area of the occipital lobe.
D. primary motor area of the frontal lobe.
11. The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle
stretch.
True False
15. Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus?
A. Krause end bulbs - pressure
B. Free nerve endings - heat or cold
C. Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch
D. Ruffini endings - pressure
16. What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the
forearm?
A. Merkel disk
B. Pacinian corpusle
C. Meissner corpuscle
D. Root hair plexus
18. Which type of cutaneous receptor would respond to the lightest pressure?
A. Krause end bulbs
B. Ruffini endings
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Meissner corpuscles
19. Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to.
True False
20. The feeling of pain on the body surface that has its origin in an internal organ is called
A. nociception.
B. proprioception.
C. referred pain.
D. visceral pain.
21. Nociceptors
A. are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues.
B. detect pain.
C. are found in internal organs.
D. All apply.
24. When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm. What is this
called and why does it occur?
25. Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor?
A. Taste of pizza
B. Carbon dioxide level of the blood
C. Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ
D. Smell of roses
26. The sensory receptors for taste are located in
A. taste buds.
B. salivary glands.
C. the teeth.
D. the cheeks.
29. The bonding of chemicals to receptors on microvilli of the taste buds will initiate nerve impulses.
True False
31. Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells.
True False
36. Gustation and olfaction rely on each other to give complete perceptions of taste and smell.
True False
37. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye?
A. Ethmoid
B. Palatine
C. Zygomatic
D. Temporal
38. The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the
A. conjunctiva.
B. lacrimal apparatus.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.
39. The structure that produces tears is called the
A. conjunctiva.
B. lacrimal apparatus.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.
41. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows.
True False
43. The three pair of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called
____ muscles.
A. intrinsic
B. extrinsic
47. Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducens
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear
49. Eyebrows have no function connected with the eyes. They are only cosmetic.
True False
53. Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye.
A. retina
B. cornea
C. choroid
D. sclera
55. Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. convergence.
D. transmutation.
56. The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the
A. aqueous humor.
B. lacrimal secretions.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
57. What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
A. Vitreous body
B. Bipolar cell layer
C. Fovea centralis
D. Blind spot
58. The muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil is the
A. choroids.
B. suspensory ligament.
C. ciliary muscle.
D. iris.
59. The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the
A. aqueous humor.
B. lacrimal secretions.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
63. Changing the shape of the lens to correctly focus light on the retina is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. astigmatism.
D. presbyopia.
64. The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the
A. lens.
B. blind spot.
C. ciliary body.
D. fovea.
69. Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?
A. Optic nerve, optic radiations, optic chiasma, ganglion cells, thalamus, optic tract, occipital lobe
B. Optic tract, ganglion cells, optic radiations, thalamus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, temporal lobe
C. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations, occipital lobe
D. Optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, ganglion cells, parietal lobe
70. Where does the visual pathway cross so that each optic tract carries impulses from the opposite visual
field?
A. Thalamus
B. Optic radiations
C. Optic chiasma
D. Optic nerve
71. Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina.
True False
72. Photoreceptors are the same as other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light causes the release of
neurotransmitters, which then creates an action potential.
True False
75. Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
76. The clouding of the lens is called
A. a cataract.
B. macular degeneration.
C. detached retina.
D. glaucoma.
78. People who can see close objects better than those far away have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.
80. The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as
A. cataracts.
B. glaucoma.
C. a sty.
D. astigmatism.
81. The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________ which will diverge the light rays so that they focus
on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
82. People who can see far objects better than those that are close have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.
84. The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______ which will bend the light rays more so that they
focus on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
90. Which of the following is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory (eustachian) tube?
A. Inner ear
B. Cochlea
C. Middle ear
D. Outer ear
93. What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
A. Auditory tube
B. Round window
C. Oval window
D. Tympanic membrane
102. The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the
A. basilar membrane.
B. tympanic membrane.
C. oval window.
D. tectorial membrane.
104. The pitch of a sound depends on which part of the basilar membrane vibrates.
True False
105. Which part of the spiral organ responds to low pitched sounds?
A. The tip
B. The middle
C. The base
D. Along the entire length
106. The base of the spiral organ responds to low frequencies of sound.
True False
107. Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
108. Which of the following functions in gravitational equilibrium?
A. Saccule
B. Utricle
C. Semicircular canals
D. Both saccule and utricle are correct.
112. What structures in the utricle and saccule interact with the stereocilia to produce action potentials?
A. Ampullae
B. Cupulae
C. Otoliths
D. Cochlea
113. Which ear component tells your brain that you are standing on your head?
A. Semicircular canals
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule
114. Which ear component tells your brain that you are doing a sit-spin on the ice?
A. Semicircular canals
B. Utricle and saccule
C. Spiral organ
D. Ossicles
115. Which ear component tells your brain that you slid forward on ice and ran into a wall?
A. Semicircular canals
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule
116. Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to
create an action potential.
True False
117. The clouding of the lens is an aging condition of the eyes called
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
C. macular degeneration.
D. cataracts.
118. Destruction of the macula lutea that contains the fovea centralis results in
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
C. macular degeneration.
D. cataracts.
11. The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle
stretch.
TRUE
13. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to fine touch?
A. Meissner corpuscles
B. Root hair plexus
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Merkel disks
15. Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus?
A. Krause end bulbs - pressure
B. Free nerve endings - heat or cold
C. Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch
D. Ruffini endings - pressure
16. What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the
forearm?
A. Merkel disk
B. Pacinian corpusle
C. Meissner corpuscle
D. Root hair plexus
18. Which type of cutaneous receptor would respond to the lightest pressure?
A. Krause end bulbs
B. Ruffini endings
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Meissner corpuscles
19. Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to.
FALSE
Receptors all over the body are somewhat, but not completely specialized.
21. Nociceptors
A. are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues.
B. detect pain.
C. are found in internal organs.
D. All apply.
24. When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm. What is this
called and why does it occur?
This is an example of referred pain. Referred pain occurs when nerve impulses originating at internal organs
travel in the same spinal cord pathway as messages from the skin. Both sets of neurons converge on the same
neural pathway to the brain. The brain interprets the pain from the organ as coming from the skin
25. Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor?
A. Taste of pizza
B. Carbon dioxide level of the blood
C. Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ
D. Smell of roses
29. The bonding of chemicals to receptors on microvilli of the taste buds will initiate nerve impulses.
TRUE
31. Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells.
FALSE
36. Gustation and olfaction rely on each other to give complete perceptions of taste and smell.
TRUE
37. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye?
A. Ethmoid
B. Palatine
C. Zygomatic
D. Temporal
41. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows.
FALSE
The conjunctiva covers the anterior eye, but not the cornea.
43. The three pair of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called
____ muscles.
A. intrinsic
B. extrinsic
47. Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducens
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear
49. Eyebrows have no function connected with the eyes. They are only cosmetic.
FALSE
53. Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye.
A. retina
B. cornea
C. choroid
D. sclera
55. Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. convergence.
D. transmutation.
56. The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the
A. aqueous humor.
B. lacrimal secretions.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
57. What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
A. Vitreous body
B. Bipolar cell layer
C. Fovea centralis
D. Blind spot
59. The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the
A. aqueous humor.
B. lacrimal secretions.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
63. Changing the shape of the lens to correctly focus light on the retina is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. astigmatism.
D. presbyopia.
64. The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the
A. lens.
B. blind spot.
C. ciliary body.
D. fovea.
69. Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?
A. Optic nerve, optic radiations, optic chiasma, ganglion cells, thalamus, optic tract, occipital lobe
B. Optic tract, ganglion cells, optic radiations, thalamus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, temporal lobe
C. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations, occipital lobe
D. Optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, ganglion cells, parietal lobe
71. Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina.
FALSE
72. Photoreceptors are the same as other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light causes the release of
neurotransmitters, which then creates an action potential.
FALSE
Photoreceptors are different from other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light stops the release of
neurotransmitters, which then creates an action potential.
The focusing of the eye, or accommodation, is the result of the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
When an object is near, the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens becomes round so the object is in focus on the
retina. When an object is far away, the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens flattens.
75. Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
Rods contain rhodopsin, a molecule that contains the protein opsin and the pigment retinal. The more
rhodopsin present in the rods, the better the dim vision. Because retinal is a derivative of vitamin A, the person
could have poor night vision if he/she has a deficiency of this vitamin.
80. The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as
A. cataracts.
B. glaucoma.
C. a sty.
D. astigmatism.
81. The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________ which will diverge the light rays so that they focus
on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
84. The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______ which will bend the light rays more so that they
focus on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
93. What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
A. Auditory tube
B. Round window
C. Oval window
D. Tympanic membrane